ESIT 2024: Gathering of Global Minds to Hangzhou for Cutting-Edge Infrared and Terahertz Innovation
Welcome to our new Editorial Board Members Prof. Manijeh Razeghi
Welcome to our new Editorial Board Members Dr. He Zhiping
Welcome to our new Editorial Board Members Dr. Jun Ge
Welcome to our new Editorial Board Members Dr. Ye Zhenhua
Welcome to our new Editorial Board Members Dr. Chen Fansheng
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LIN Chang-Qing, ZHOU Shuang-Xi, LI Lu-Fang, LIU Gao-Rui, SUN Hai-Bin, ZHANG Yu, LIN Jia-Mu, SUN Sheng-Li
2025,44(1):1-10 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.001
Abstract:
With the development of space remote sensing technology， the requirements for the detection sensitivity of infrared systems are continuously increasing. The infrared imaging detection technology based on linear avalanche device can effectively improve the detection sensitivity in high frame frequency applications. Based on the short-wave infrared linear avalanche detector assembly of 512×512， a small-aperture and lightweight infrared imaging system is designed and its performance is tested under low reverse bias. The test results show that the increase of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the imaging system based on the linear avalanche infrared detector is basically linear with the multiplication factor M under short integration time， and the SNR of the system is 3 times that of the traditional camera with the same aperture.
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QIU Qian-Li, ZHANG Jin-Guo, ZHOU Dong-Jie, TAN Chong, SUN Yan, HAO Jia-Ming, DAI Ning
2025,44(1):11-16 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.002
Abstract:
Dual-band thermal emitters with narrow bandwidths have important applications potential in many fields such as infrared sensing，encryption and detection.This emitter can provide concentrated. However，the conditions for construing narrowband emission in different wavelband usually conflict with each other， making it difficult to achieve dual-band narrowband thermal emitters. In this paper， a new type of lithography-free infrared dual-band thermal emitter is proposed， which consists of alternately deposited Ge and YbF3 films on Al films. The narrowband emission characteristics stem from the Tamm plasmon polaritons （TPPs） that can be excited by the distributed Bragg reflector and the Al substrate under certain conditions. The geometric parameters are optimized using multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental results confirm that dual-band emitter can simultaneously exhibit narrowband emitter characteristics in both mid-wave infrared （MWIR） and long-wave infrared （LWIR） regions. The proposed method can be used in the design of multi-band emission modulation devices， which can be applied to the fields of multi-gas sensing and multi-band infrared camouflage.
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Avraham Moshe, Bouscher Shlomi, Nemirovsky Jonathan, Nemirovsky Yael
2025,44(1):17-24 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.003
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The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago. Nevertheless， emissivity is an elusive concept even for experts. It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers. The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial， medical， and environmental uses. One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured. In real experiments， emissivity may be influenced by many factors： surface texture， spectral properties， oxidation， and aging of surfaces. While commercial blackbodies are prevalent， the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity， are unavailable. This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody， a perforated screen， and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor， 18 dubbed TMOS. The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product， it requires low power， and it has a small form factor. The methodology is based on two-color measurements， with two different optical filters， with selected wavelengths conforming to the grey body definition of the use case under study. With a photochemically etched perforated screen， the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation. The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations， which demonstrate the approach. Measured results are reported.
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ZHANG Jing, YANG Zhi, ZHENG Li-Ming, ZHU Xiao-Juan, WANG Ping, YANG Lin
2025,44(1):25-32 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.004
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This paper discusses the influence of Sb/In ratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of the 200 nm InAsxSb1-x thin film. The Sb content of InAsxSb1-x thin film in all samples was verified by HRXRD of the symmetrical 004 reflections and asymmetrical 115 reflections. The calculation results show that the Sb component was 0.6 in the InAsxSb1-x thin film grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3， which has the highest electron mobility （28 560 cm2/V·s） at 300 K. At the same time， the influence of V/III ratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of Al0.2In0.8Sb/InAsxSb1-x quantum well heterostructures also has been investigated. As a result， the Al0.2In0.8Sb/InAs0.4Sb0.6 quantum well heterostructure with a channel thickness of 30 nm grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3 has a maximum electron mobility of 28 300 cm2/V·s and a minimum RMS roughness of 0.68 nm. Through optimizing the growth conditions， our samples have higher electron mobility and smoother surface morphology.
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HUANG Xin-Ning, JIANG Teng-Teng, DI Yun-Xiang, XIE Mao-Bin, GUO Tian-Le, LIU Jing-Jing, WU Bin-Min, SHI Jing-Mei, QIN Qiang, DENG Gong-Rong, CHEN Yan, LIN Tie, SHEN Hong, MENG Xiang-Jian, WANG Xu-Dong, CHU Jun-Hao, GE Jun, WANG Jian-Lu
2025,44(1):33-39 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.005
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Colloidal quantum dots （CQDs） are affected by the quantum confinement effect， which makes their bandgap tunable. This characteristic allows these materials to cover a broader infrared spectrum， providing a cost-effective alternative to traditional infrared detector technology. Recently， thanks to the solution processing properties of quantum dots and their ability to integrate with silicon-based readout circuits on a single chip， infrared detectors based on HgTe CQDs have shown great application prospects. However， facing the challenges of vertically stacked photovoltaic devices， such as barrier layer matching and film non-uniformity， most devices integrated with readout circuits still use a planar structure， which limits the efficiency of light absorption and the effective separation and collection of photo-generated carriers. Here， by synthesizing high-quality HgTe CQDs and precisely controlling the interface quality， we have successfully fabricated a photovoltaic detector based on HgTe and ZnO QDs. At a working temperature of 80 K， this detector achieved a low dark current of 5.23×10-9 A cm-2， a high rectification ratio， and satisfactory detection sensitivity. This work paves a new way for the vertical integration of HgTe CQDs on silicon-based readout circuits， demonstrating their great potential in the field of high-performance infrared detection.
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GONG Hang, ZHOU Fu-Gui, FENG Rui-Ze, FENG Zhi-Yu, LIU Tong, SHI Jing-Yuan, SU Yong-Bo, JIN Zhi
2025,44(1):40-45 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.006
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In this work， we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs）. Lg = 80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process. We focus on their DC and RF responses， including the maximum transconductance （gm_max）， ON-resistance （RON）， current-gain cutoff frequency （fT）， and maximum oscillation frequency （fmax）. The devices have almost same RON. The gm_max improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source. However， a small gate to source capacitance （Cgs） and a small drain output conductance （gds） lead to the largest fT， although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller gm_max. According to the small-signal modeling， the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics， such as fT = 372 GHz and fmax = 394 GHz. This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics， which play a key role in high-frequency response.
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LI Xiang, HU Jin-Han, ZHONG Zhi-Peng, CHEN Yu-Zhong, WANG Zhi-Qiang, SONG Miao-Miao, WANG Yang, ZHANG Lei, LI Jian-Feng, HUANG Hai
2025,44(1):46-52 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.007
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Organic semiconductor materials have shown unique advantages in the development of optoelectronic devices due to their ease of preparation， low cost， lightweight， and flexibility. In this work， we explored the application of the organic semiconductor Y6-1O single crystal in photodetection devices. Firstly， Y6-1O single crystal material was prepared on a silicon substrate using solution droplet casting method. The optical properties of Y6-1O material were characterized by polarized optical microscopy， fluorescence spectroscopy， etc.， confirming its highly single crystalline performance and emission properties in the near-infrared region. Phototransistors based on Y6-1O materials with different thicknesses were then fabricated and tested. It was found that the devices exhibited good visible to near-infrared photoresponse， with the maximum photoresponse in the near-infrared region at 785 nm. The photocurrent on/off ratio reaches 102， and photoresponsivity reaches 16 mA/W. It was also found that the spectral response of the device could be regulated by gate voltage as well as the material thickness， providing important conditions for optimizing the performance of near-infrared photodetectors. This study not only demonstrates the excellent performance of organic phototransistors based on Y6-1O single crystal material in near-infrared detection but also provides new ideas and directions for the future development of infrared detectors.
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SHANG Jia-Le, CHEN Yan, YAN Hao-Ran, DI Yun-Xiang, HUANG Xin-Ning, LIN Tie, MENG Xiang-Jian, WANG Xu-Dong, CHU Jun-Hao, WANG Jian-Lu
2025,44(1):53-59 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.008
Abstract:
In the realm of optoelectronics， photodetectors play pivotal roles， with applications spanning from high-speed data communication to precise environmental sensing. Despite the advancements， conventional photodetectors grapple with challenges with response speed and dark current. In this study， we present a photodetector based on a lateral MoTe2 p-n junction， defined by a semi-floating ferroelectric gate. The strong ferroelectric fields and the depletion region of the p-n junction in the device are notably compact， which diminish the carrier transit time， thereby enhancing the speed of the photoelectric response. The non-volatile MoTe2 homojunction， under the influence of external gate voltage pulses， can alter the orientation of the intrinsic electric field within the junction. As a photovoltaic detector， it achieves an ultra-low dark current of 20 pA， and a fast photo response of 2 μs. The spectral response is extended to the shortwave infrared range at 1550 nm. Furthermore， a logic computing system with light/no light as binary input is designed to convert the current signal to the voltage output. This research not only underscores the versatility of 2D materials in the realm of sophisticated photodetector design but also heralds new avenues for their application in energy-efficient， high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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LI Yi-Fan, YANG He, YANG Rui, JIA Yi-Ming, HU Jia-Min, LOU Cun-Guang, YU Yu, LIU Xiu-Ling, YAO Jian-Quan
2025,44(1):60-66 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.009
Abstract:
Due to its distinctive traits such as low energy consumption， high transmittance， potent anti-interference capacity， fingerprint， THz flexible regulation assumes a crucial role in detection， imaging， radar， and military defense， and has garnered significant attention from scholars both domestically and internationally in recent years. Nevertheless， high costs and losses remain significant factors restricting the advancement of terahertz regulation. Perovskite materials possess outstanding photoelectric properties， a straightforward preparation process， the capacity for mass production， and thereby become one of the most promising materials for the fabrication of terahertz detectors. Additionally， the facile tunability of perovskite compensates for the difficulty in adjusting the metasurface and meets the requirement for tunable metasurface. The combination of the two enables effective regulation of terahertz in the light field. In this paper， we have designed two types of coded metasurface composed of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3， polyimide， and aluminum， and manipulated the operating frequencies of the two structures through light field control. The results were compared with theoretical calculations to verify the effect. The first structure can be controlled by the light field to select between a broadband operating frequency and high efficiency. The second structure functions only at 0.1THz and can vary the phase through light， thereby reversing the phase of the original structure to control the direction of beam reflection. On this basis， we fabricated the device and verified it. To a certain extent， this paper fills the void in the field of optical field regulation of coded metasurface and offers a train of thought for subsequent research.
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FU Peng, HE Dao-Gang, LIU Jun, WANG Yue-Ming
2025,44(1):67-78 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.010
Abstract:
The accuracy of spot centroid positioning has a significant impact on the tracking accuracy of the system and the stability of the laser link construction. In satellite laser communication systems， the use of short-wave infrared wavelengths as beacon light can reduce atmospheric absorption and signal attenuation. However， there are strong non-uniformity and blind pixels in the short-wave infrared image， which makes the image distorted and leads to the decrease of spot centroid positioning accuracy. Therefore， the high-precision localization of the spot centroid of the short-wave infrared images is of great research significance. A high-precision spot centroid positioning model for short-wave infrared is proposed to correct for non-uniformity and blind pixels in short-wave infrared images and quantify the localization errors caused by the two， further model-based localization error simulations are performed， and a novel spot centroid positioning payload for satellite laser communications has been designed using the latest 640×512 planar array InGaAs shortwave infrared detector. The experimental results show that the non-uniformity of the corrected image is reduced from 7% to 0.6%， the blind pixels rejection rate reaches 100%， the frame rate can be up to 200 0 Hz， and the spot centroid localization accuracy is as high as 0.1 pixel point， which realizes high-precision spot centroid localization of high-frame-frequency short-wave infrared images.
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ZHANG Lei, WANG Tian-Qi, FAN Yan-Ping
2025,44(1):79-86 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.011
Abstract:
In sub nanometer carbon nanotubes， water exhibits unique dynamic characteristics， and in the high-frequency region of the infrared spectrum， where the stretching vibrations of the internal oxygen-hydrogen （O-H） bonds are closely related to the hydrogen bonds （H-bonds） network between water molecules. Therefore， it is crucial to analyze the relationship between these two aspects. In this paper， the infrared spectrum and motion characteristics of the stretching vibrations of the O-H bonds in one-dimensional confined water （1DCW） and bulk water （BW） in （6， 6） single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNT） are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the stretching vibrations of the two O-H bonds in 1DCW exhibit different frequencies in the infrared spectrum， while the O-H bonds in BW display two identical main frequency peaks. Further analysis using the spring oscillator model reveals that the difference in the stretching amplitude of the O-H bonds is the main factor causing the change in vibration frequency， where an increase in stretching amplitude leads to a decrease in spring stiffness and， consequently， a lower vibration frequency. A more in-depth study found that the interaction of H-bonds between water molecules is the fundamental cause of the increased stretching amplitude and decreased vibration frequency of the O-H bonds. Finally， by analyzing the motion trajectory of the H atoms， the dynamic differences between 1DCW and BW are clearly revealed. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the behavior of water molecules at the nanoscale and are of significant importance in advancing the development of infrared spectroscopy detection technology.
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MA Qiu-Jing, DUAN Wei-Bo, YU Tian-Yan, LI Da-Qi, YU De-Ming, LIU Bao-Jian, ZHUANG Qiu-Hui, LIU Ding-Quan
2025,44(1):87-97 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.012
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The effects of calcium fluoride （CaF2） doping on the optical， physical and chemical properties of Ytterbium fluoride （YbF3） materials were studied. Pure YbF3 thin films and YbF3 thin films doped with different proportions of CaF2 were deposited by electron beam and thermal evaporation， respectively. The characteristics of single layer were measured by spectrometer， stress measurement system， X-ray Diffraction （XRD）， Atomic Force Microscope （AFM） and other measuring devices. The optical constants were fitted by the classical Lorentz oscillator model. The results show that the single-layer film with better optical， physical and chemical properties is obtained by electron beam deposition， in the condition of 1% CaF2 doping. A long-wave infrared anti-reflection multi-layer sample was designed and fabricated and its spectrum and reliability test were carried out. The results show that its transmittance in the long-wave infrared region is as high as 99%， and the reliability meets the requirements of space application.
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Influence of crystal temperature on femtosecond laser induced ferroelectric domain inversion process
XU Tian-Xiang, WANG Sen, LIN Jin-Yang, ZHAO Ru-Wei, XU Tie-Feng, SHENG Yan
2025,44(1):98-103 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.013
Abstract:
The near-infrared femtosecond laser induced ferroelectric domain inversion in an important method in 3D nonlinear photonic crystal fabrication. Using structures produced by this technique， a series of attractive results have been achieved in optical frequency conversion and nonlinear wavefront shaping. At present， the reported laser induced domain inversion were all implemented at room temperature. For ferroelectric crystals， it would reach the Curie point during heating， and many characterizations such as coercive field which relate to domain inversion may change seriously. However， the effect of crystal temperature on femtosecond laser induced domain inversion is undefined. In this work， the strontium barium niobate （SrxBa1-xNbO3） ferroelectric crystal with the Curie point of about 70-80 ℃ depends on component proportion of Sr and Ba was used for domain inversion. Direct near-infrared femtosecond laser writing was implemented at the temperature of 25-65 ℃. The domain inversion condition was judged based on the second-harmonic pattern in the far field. The variation tendency of threshold laser power for domain inversion depends on temperature was tested and possible reason was predicted.
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HUANG Zhen, ZHANG Yong, GONG Jin-Fu
2025,44(1):104-112 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.014
Abstract:
In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit， a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed. This method combines two core modules： a simple parameter-free self-attention and cross-attention. By analyzing the self-correlation and cross-correlation between support images and query images， it achieves effective classification of infrared aircraft under few-shot conditions. The proposed cross-correlation network integrates these two modules and is trained in an end-to-end manner. The simple parameter-free self-attention is responsible for extracting the internal structure of the image while the cross-attention can calculate the cross-correlation between images further extracting and fusing the features between images. Compared with existing few-shot infrared target classification models， this model focuses on the geometric structure and thermal texture information of infrared images by modeling the semantic relevance between the features of the support set and query set， thus better attending to the target objects. Experimental results show that this method outperforms existing infrared aircraft classification methods in various classification tasks， with the highest classification accuracy improvement exceeding 3%. In addition， ablation experiments and comparative experiments also prove the effectiveness of the method.
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XU Xiang-Qian, GONG Guang-Yu, SUN Lei, LI Yu, KANG Xiao-Chen, LI Si-Min, PAN Shi-Long
2025,44(1):113-118 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.015
Abstract:
This paper presents an innovative three-dimensional （3D） heterogeneously integrated photoreceiver， which is optimized for analog microwave optical links that demand both wide bandwidth and high input optical power. The key of this design is the uni-traveling-carrier photodiode （UTC-PD）， which has been flip-chip integrated onto a microwave integrated circuit submount. This integration approach enhances the photoreceiver''s bandwidth and high power handling capabilities. The material doping and epitaxial processes of the UTC photodiode were optimized to augment its power endurance. Meanwhile， the responsivity of the photodiode was improved through the adoption of an integrated back-illuminated lens complemented by the addition of a metallic reflective layer. By establishing a precise model of the photodiode， we have refined the bandwidth characteristic of the photoreceiver using impedance compensation and broadband matching circuit design techniques. Flip-chip bonding the photodiode chip onto the microwave integrated circuit chip has substantially mitigated the impact of interconnect circuits on high-frequency performance. Furthermore， the thermal conductivity and high-power resilience of the detector chip were enhanced via gold-tin alloy micro-bump interconnections and the design of a high thermal conductivity substrate layer. The three-dimensional heterogeneous integrated photoreceiver features a 1-dB bandwidth of 42 GHz， an RF return loss exceeding 11 dB， a responsivity surpassing 0.85 A/W， a dark current below 50 nA， and a saturated input optical power of over 120 mW.By leveraging the distinctive properties of the UTC-PD， our three-dimensional （3D） heterogeneous integrated photoreceiver design achieves superior efficiency and responsiveness， positioning it as a leading solution for cutting-edge microwave photonics applications.
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ZENG Chang-Wen, YANG Zhi-Yu, DAI Zuo-Xiao, GU Ming-Jian
2025,44(1):119-129 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.016
Abstract:
The three-dimensional perception of road objects in challenging environments is crucial for the development of autonomous vehicles operating in all conditions， at all hours. Infrared binocular vision mimics the human binocular system， facilitating stereoscopic perception of objects in challenging conditions such as dim or zero-light environments. The core technology for stereoscopic perception in binocular vision systems is object detection and matching. To streamline the complex sequence of object detection and matching procedures， a synchronous object detection and matching network （SODMNet） is proposed， which can perform synchronous detection and matching of infrared objects. SODMNet innovatively combines an object detection network with an object matching module， leveraging the deep features from the classification and regression branches as inputs for the object matching module. By concatenating these features with relative position encoding from the feature maps and processing the concatenated features through a convolutional network， the network generates feature descriptors for the left and right images. Object matching is then achieved by calculating the Euclidean distances between these descriptors， thus facilitating synchronous object detection and matching in binocular vision. In addition， a novel nighttime infrared binocular dataset， annotated with targets such as pedestrians and vehicles， is created to support the development and evaluation of the proposed network. Experimental results indicate that SODMNet achieves a significant improvement of more than 84.9% in object detection mean average precision （mAP） on this dataset， with an object matching average precision （AP） of 0.5777. These results demonstrate that SODMNet is capable of high-precision， synchronized object detection and matching in infrared binocular vision， marking a significant advancement in the field.
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ZHAO Ji-Cong, DANG Yan-Meng, HOU Hai-Yang, LIN Ye-Fan, SUN Hai-Yan, ZHANG Kun
2025,44(1):130-138 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.017
Abstract:
In this paper， we propose an RLC equivalent circuit model theory which can accurately predict the spectral response and resonance characteristics of metamaterial absorption structures， extend its design， and characterize the parameters of the model in detail. By employing this model， we conducted computations to characterize the response wavelength and bandwidth of variously sized metamaterial absorbers. A comparative analysis with Finite Difference Time Domain （FDTD） simulations demonstrated a remarkable level of consistency in the results. The designed absorbers were fabricated using micro-nano fabrication processes， and were experimentally tested to demonstrate absorption rates exceeding 90% at a wavelength of 9.28 μm. The predicted results are then compared with test results. The comparison reveals good consistency in two aspects of the resonance responses， thereby confirming the rationality and accuracy of this model.
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Volume 44,2025 Issue 1
Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices
Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology
Infrared Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Technology
Infrared Optoelectronic System and Application Technology
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
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GE Sun-Yi, LUO Xiao-Wei, FENG Shi-Yang, WANG Bin
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
The existing deep learning-based image blind super-resolution algorithms only utilize neural networks to learn the end-to-end mapping from low-resolution （LR） images to high-resolution （HR） images， only allowing the network to implicitly learn image priors， resulting in algorithms that still produce blurry super-resolution results. To address the above issues， a deep learning image blind super-resolution algorithm guided by sparsity and self-similarity priors is proposed. Initially， for various LR image inputs， a dynamic linear kernel estimation module is employed to effectively estimate the corresponding blur kernels； Subsequently， a deep unfolding deconvolution filtering module based on the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm （FISTA） is utilized to explicitly model the sparsity prior of signal， achieving deconvolution restoration of the degraded images； Finally， a dual-path multi-scale large receptive field restoration module leverages the self-similarity prior of images for super-resolution recovery. The experimental results indicate that， compared to existing methods， the proposed algorithm achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） of 31.66 and a structural similarity index （SSIM） of 0.8725 on the publicly available Gaussian8 dataset， and attains a PSNR of 29.08 and an SSIM of 0.8007 on the DIV2KRK dataset. The images restored by the proposed algorithm not only exhibit the highest restoration metrics but also superior visual quality.
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LI Xi-Cai, ZHU Jia-He, DONG Peng-Xiang, WANG Yuan-Qing
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
This paper presents a high-speed and robust dual-band infrared thermal camera based on an ARM CPU. It is composed of a low-resolution long-wavelength infrared detector， a digital temperature and humidity sensor， and a CMOS sensor. In view of the phenomenon of large contrast between face and background in thermal infrared image， this paper we search for a suitable accuracy-latency tradeoff for thermal face detection and propose a tiny-lightweight detector named YOLO-Fastest-IR. Four different scale YOLO-Fastest-IR0 to IR3 thermal infrared face detectors based on YOLO-Fastest are designed. To train and test four tiny-lightweight models， a multi-user low-resolution thermal face database （RGBT-MLTF） is collected， and the four networks are trained. Experiments reveal that the lightweight convolutional neural network can also perform well in the thermal infrared face detection task. And the algorithm is superior to the existing face detection algorithms in positioning accuracy and speed， which is more suitable for deployment in mobile platforms or embedded devices. After obtaining the region of interest in the infrared image （IR）， the RGB camera is guided by the results of thermal infrared face detection， to realize the fine positioning of RGB face. The experimental results show that YOLO-Fastest-IR has a frame rate of 92.9 FPS on a Raspberry Pi 4B and can successfully locate 97.4% of the face in the RGBT-MLTF test set. The integration of infrared temperature measurement system with low cost， strong robustness and high real-time performance was ultimately achieved， the temperature measurement accuracy can reach 0.3 degrees Celsius.
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LI Jia-Ying, HU Dong-Sheng, ZHUANG Hao, JI Min-Biao
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Coherent Raman scattering microscopy is widely regarded as a powerful tool for solving biomedical problems due to its chemical specificity， label-free imaging capability， high spectral resolution and high sensitivity. However， the clinical application of coherent Raman scattering imaging technology has long been hindered by environmental sensitivity and large volume solid-state lasers. Ultrafast fiber lasers， with their compactness and stability， can effectively overcome these shortcomings. In this paper， different realization methods and research progress of fiber-based laser sources in coherent Raman scattering imaging are reviewed， including supercontinuum fiber source， soliton self-frequency shift fiber source， fiber optical parametric oscillator and synchronized fiber source， and the future development is prospected.
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XU Xue-Rong, PENG Yi-Tian, GU Ming-Jian, JIANG Teng-teng
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.012
Abstract:
The effect of external vibration on the velocity uniformity of the moving mechanism of the angular mirror translational Fourier transform interferometer （hereinafter referred to as interferometer） can be quantitatively analysed by the interferometer optical range difference velocity stability. The article proposes a more comprehensive method of analysing the optical range difference velocity uniformity for the reliability of the interferometer kinematic mechanism under the influence of on-orbit microvibration in the process of space spectroscopy detection. The method incorporates the structural response of the interferometer caused by external excitation into the stability analysis as one of the influencing factors， so as to reflect the reliability of the interferometer in orbit more realistically， and judge the microvibration criticality that the interferometer can withstand more accurately. At the same time， an optical surface model of the interferometer is established to further theoretically characterise the effect of microvibration on the homogeneity of the interferometric mechanism. The method discussed in the article provides a way of thinking for the judgement of the reliability of the mechanism movement under the external excitation perturbation as well as the research on the optimisation of the mechanism control.
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SONG Jian-Tao, MA Shu-Huan, WANG Chen-Xiao, YANG Fan, CHEN Zhi-Jian, YAO Bi-Mu
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.006
Abstract:
To enhance the net photoelectric conversion efficiency of quantum well infrared photodetectors， this study investigates the matching conditions between radiative dissipation and coupling strength in devices operating in the strong light-matter coupling regime. A critical coupling model distinct from the conventional intrinsic and radiative dissipation matching is proposed. Through an analytical model， the contributions of intrinsic thermal dissipation and coupling strength to the critical conditions are quantified. The results indicate that， with optimized matching parameters， the net photoelectric absorption efficiency， excluding thermal dissipation， can exceed 95%. Moreover， under the synergistic regulation of the strong coupling mechanism and critical coupling conditions， the photodetection response can be enhanced by up to 160%. This work highlights the importance of optimizing dissipation and coupling parameters under strong coupling conditions， providing theoretical and design guidance for improving photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhancing the performance of quantum well infrared photodetectors.
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BU Yong-Hao, ZHOU Jing, DENG Jie, WANG Ruo-Wen, YE Tao, SHI Meng-Die, HUANG Jun-Wei, ZHANG Yu-Jie, NING Jun, LU Wei, CHEN Xiao-Shuang
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.007
Abstract:
The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging， communications， materials analysis， and life sciences. Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target. However， conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex， limiting their potential for broader applications. To address the challenges of miniaturization， integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years， achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality. In this review， we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features， including infinitely high polarization discrimination， ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change， full Stokes parameters measurement， and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light. Lastly， we discuss the opportunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.
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Zahra Ghanavati, Reza Zangeneh Hamid
Abstract:
This study involved a comprehensive investigation aimed at achieving efficient multi-millijoule THz wave generation by exploiting the unique properties of cylindrical GaAs waveguides as effective mediators of the conversion of laser energy into THz waves. Through meticulous investigation， valuable insights into optimizing THz generation processes for practical applications were unearthed. By investigating Hertz potentials， an eigenvalue equation for the solutions of the guided modes （i.e.， eigenvalues） was found. The effects of various parameters， including the effective mode index and the laser pulse power， on the electric field components of THz radiation， including the fundamental TE （transverse electric） and TM （transverse magnetic） modes， were evaluated. By analyzing these factors， this research elucidated the nuanced mechanisms governing THz wave generation within cylindrical GaAs waveguides， paving the way for refined methodologies and enhanced efficiency. The significance of cylindrical GaAs waveguides extends beyond their role as mere facilitators of THz generation； their design and fabrication hold the key to unlocking the potential for compact and portable THz systems. This transformative capability not only amplifies the efficiency of THz generation but also broadens the horizons of practical applications.PACS codes Each manuscript must be given 2-4 PACS
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LI Jia-Yi, Zhang Pei-Jin, Xia Qi-Ming, Qian Jun
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
NIR-II fluorescence imaging demonstrates significant advantages in biological imaging with its high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and deep tissue penetration, showing broad application prospects in biomedical fields. The classification of NIR-II imaging windows facilitates the optimization of imaging processes. Among these, the 1400-1500 nm imaging window benefits from its unique water absorption characteristics, enabling effective suppression of scattering background and achieving high-contrast imaging. This study systematically evaluates the imaging potential of the 1400-1500 nm window through simulation studies and in vivo experiments. To advance the clinical translation of fluorescence imaging in the 1400-1500 nm window, indocyanine green (ICG), an organic small-molecule dye approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), was employed as the fluorescent probe. Utilizing its extended fluorescence emission tail in the NIR-II region, high-contrast and high-resolution imaging of mouse vasculature and intestinal structures was achieved in the 1400-1500 nm window. Furthermore, in combination with methylene blue (MB), another FDA-approved agent, high-quality dual-channel NIR-II imaging was successfully implemented enabling precise localization of blood vessels and lymph nodes in mice. This research further explores the unique advantages of the 1400-1500 nm imaging window in biological imaging and its clinical application potential. It also provides valuable references for the clinical translation of NIR-II fluorescence imaging.
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Xiao Feng, Zhang Xiaoqiuyan, Cheng Li, Xu Xingxing, Zhang Tianyu, Tang Fu, Hu Tao, Hu Min
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries. Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries. Terahertz （THz） technology， especially continuous wave （CW） THz near-field scanning microscopy （THz-SNOM） with its nanoscale resolution， can be promising in biomedical imaging. In addition， compared with traditional THz time-domain spectroscopy （TDS）， portable solid-state source as the emission has higher power and SNR， lower cost， and can obtain more precise imaging. In this study， we employ CW THz-SNOM to further break the resolution limitations of conventional THz imaging techniques and successfully achieve the near-field imaging of demineralized enamel at the nanoscale. We keenly observe that the near-field signal of the enamel significantly lowers as demineralization deepens， mainly due to the decrease in permittivity. This new approach offers valuable insights into the microscopic processes of enamel demineralization， laying the foundation for further research and treatment.
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WANG Jun-Tao, WANG Sheng-Feng, PENG Yan
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
As a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, Panax notoginseng exhibits therapeutic efficacy and quality closely associated with its saponin content, which demonstrates significant geographical variations. To accurately authenticate the geographical origin and ensure medicinal quality, a novel method integrating terahertz precision spectroscopy with a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was proposed. 40 Panax notoginseng samples from 4 regions in Yunnan Province, China—Honghe Autonomous Prefecture, Kunming, Qujing, and Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture—were analyzed using terahertz spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A CNN model was constructed and trained based on the acquired spectral and chromatographic data to classify the geographical origins. Experimental results revealed that the terahertz spectroscopy combined with the CNN model achieved a classification accuracy of 92.5%, significantly outperforming the 82.5% accuracy attained by the HPLC-CNN model. This finding highlights the potential of terahertz spectroscopy in component analysis and geographical traceability of herbal medicines, providing a novel scientific approach for rapid, non-destructive, and precise identification of Chinese medicinal materials.
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ZHANG Jin-Jing, Liu Bing-Wei, LI Jia-Wei, WU Xu, SUN Li-Ying
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
This study used a terahertz metamaterial sensor for the rapid and accurate detection of the antithrombotic drug Plavix， addressing the increasing demand for efficiency and sensitivity in drug content monitoring. Utilizing the terahertz vibration characteristics of Plavix， characteristic absorption peaks within the 1~3 THz band were identified. Based on these findings， a dual-polarization resonance metamaterial sensor was designed to simultaneously enhance the sensing signals of these characteristic absorption peaks. Experimental results indicate that the sensor attains a high level of fit （R2>0.97） for quantitative analysis in the quantitative detection of Plavix through the established two-indicator decision model. Consequently， the terahertz metamaterial sensing technology presented in this study exhibits superior performance in monitoring Plavix content and offers a new tool for clinical drug monitoring and broader biochemical sample analysis.
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OGURA Shingo, SHAO Ke-Meng, Zhang Xiao, Li Hui-Zhu, Feng Si-Jia, WANG Yue-Ming, CHEN Jun, WU De-Hua, WO Yan
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Ischemia is a significant factor affecting the repair of peripheral nerve injuries， while exosomes have been shown to promote angiogenesis. To further investigate the detailed processes and efficacy of exosome therapy for ischemic peripheral nerve injuries， this study utilized glucose-modified near-infrared-II （NIR-II） quantum dots （QDs） to label adipose-derived stem cell exosomes （QDs-ADSC-Exos）， enabling long-term in vivo NIR-II imaging of exosome treatment for ischemic peripheral nerve damage. Experimental results confirmed that QDs can be used for non-invasive in vitro labeling of exosomes， with QDs-ADSC-Exos exhibiting strong fluorescence signals in the NIR-II window and demonstrating favorable NIR-II imaging characteristics in vivo. Notably， QDs-ADSC-Exos showed accumulation at the site of nerve injury in cases of ischemic peripheral nerve damage. Functional neurological assessments indicated that QDs-ADSC-Exos effectively promoted neural regeneration. This study highlights the potential of exosomes in treating ischemic peripheral nerve injuries and elucidates the spatiotemporal characteristics of exosome therapy， providing objective evidence for the further optimization of exosome-based treatment protocols.
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HUANG Jin, ZHANG Li-Fu, SUN Xue-Jian, ZHAO Zhi-Peng, ZHAI Hao-Ran
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
An overview is provided of the research progress in the application of hyperspectral detection technology for non-destructive testing of key parameters in tobacco leaf quality. Methods and equipment for the rapid detection of chemical components such as total sugar， reducing sugar， total nitrogen， nicotine， starch， chloride， and potassium in tobacco leaves using this technology are explored. The impact of different tobacco sample forms on spectral data is pointed out. The advantages and challenges of hyperspectral technology in applications such as field management， harvest optimization， and online grading in tobacco production are analyzed. The promising prospects of combining hyperspectral technology with artificial intelligence to build predictive models for tobacco leaf chemical composition are proposed. This combination provides scientific evidence and references for improving detection efficiency and quality in the tobacco industry.
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XU Shi-wen, WU Hua-Kun, ZHOU Chong-Qiu, WU Xiao-Yu, YANG Chao-Feng, WU Qiong, LIU Wen, SHAO Jie
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
The concentration of exhaled CO as a biomarker for some diseases has attracted much attention， but CO concentration detectors had issues of low sensitivity and slow response time. Therefore， this paper used a quantum cascade laser with a central wavelength of 4.59 μm and a multi-pass cell of 3.8 m to build a high-sensitivity， fast-response exhaled CO measurement system based on absorption spectroscopy. The CO concentration was detected and analyzed using direct absorption （DAS） and wavelength modulation （WMS） techniques. The linearity of DAS is 0.998， and its detection limit reaches 3.68 × 10-8. The linearity of WMS detection is 0.998 at CO concentrations below 6.00×10-6， with the detection limit reaching 3.00×10-9. The optimal integration times of 170 s and 250 s for DAS and WMS were obtained by Allan variance analysis， corresponding to detection limits of 2.00 × 10-9 and 3.00 × 10-10， respectively. Finally， 14 volunteers were tested for exhaled CO concentrations， and the results show that the system could distinguish between smokers and non-smokers， providing a scientific and effective tool for judging the smoking status of patients in smoking cessation clinics.
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Zhong Qinyang, Zhang Xiaoqiuyan, Wang Ran, Zhang Tianyu, Tang Fu, Jiang Peidu, Hu Min
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Fibroblasts support a broad range of essential organ functions via microarchitectural， biomechanical， and biochemical cues. Despite great advances in fluorescence， photoacoustic conversion， and Raman scattering over the past decades， their invasiveness and limited spatial resolution hinder the characterization of fibroblasts in a single cell. Here， taking mouse embryonic fibroblasts （MEFs） as an example， we propose a novel noninvasive approach to investigate the compositional distribution of MEFs at the single-cell scale via terahertz （THz） nanoscopy. Compared to the topological morphology， THz nano-imaging enables the component-based visualization of MEFs， such as the membrane， cytoplasm， nucleus， and extracellular vesicles （EVs）. Notably， we demonstrate the real-space observation of the influence of rapamycin treatment on the increase of EVs in MEFs. Moreover， the line-cut and area-statistical analysis establishes the relationship between the topological morphology and the THz near-field amplitudes for different cellular components of MEFs. This work provides a new pathway to characterize the effects of pharmaceutical treatments， with potential applications in disease diagnosis and drug development.
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ZHANG Yi-Ze, LIU Rong, YU Yue-Wen, ZHAO Dong-Jie, CHEN Wen-Liang, LI Chen-Xi
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Near-infrared spectroscopy is a type of molecular vibration spectroscopy. Temperature variations cause changes in molecular vibrations such as O-H and intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding， which lead to absorption spectral intensity and peaks changes， affecting the prediction accuracy of minor components such as blood glucose. To address the impact of temperature perturbation on spectral detection and modeling analysis， a temperature perturbation discrimination method based on aquaphotomics and two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy （2T2D-COS） was proposed. The 2T2D-COS analysis was applied to diffuse reflectance spectra of simulated solutions under temperature perturbation and varying glucose concentrations. Spectral features induced by changes in temperature and glucose concentration were successfully extracted， revealing distinct water spectral patterns under different perturbations. Quantitative analysis shows that a temperature change of 0.1°C is equivalent to a glucose concentration change of 45 mg/dL in terms of intensity. A temperature perturbation outliers discrimination model was further established based on raw spectra， water spectral features， and 2T2D-COS asynchronous spectra. The accuracy rates of the model based on 2T2D-COS asynchronous spectra are 95.83%. After removing outliers， the root mean square error of glucose concentration prediction is reduced by 51.89%. This workprovides a foundation for improving the accuracy of in vivo blood glucose detection using near-infrared spectroscopy.
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LI Ze-Ying, JIA Li-Fang, ZOU Ying-Xue, GAO Feng, LIU Dong-Yuan
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Central precocious puberty （CPP） is mainly caused by the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis， which leads to abnormal hormone levels and triggers structural and functional changes in the brain， making the neurovascular coupling mechanisms of children with CPP different from those of normal children in the task state. Addressing current limitations of clinical diagnosis， such as false negatives， interference from obesity， and physiological discomfort， this study utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） to analyze task-related brain activation characteristics in 167 children from Tianjin Hospital， including 85 normal children and 82 children with CPP. An auxiliary diagnostic model for CPP was established based on these analyses. It was found that the prefrontal activation areas during mental arithmetic （MA） were more in the normal group than in the CPP group， and the activation areas were more in females than in males. By selecting mean， variance， kurtosis， and skewness from the two channels with the highest frequency of correlation and the highest magnitude of negative correlation as input features， the constructed classification model achieved an accuracy rate of 79.1%. This study provides a new and important reference for the rapid screening and pathogenesis study of CPP.
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LI Yu-Han, YANG Bao-Yu, ZHANG Qiang, GUO Zhi-Peng, WU Yi-Nong, TANG Xiao, LI Shang-Ju
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.009
Abstract:
The Infrared Hyperspectral Atmospheric Sounder II （HIRAS-II） is the key equipment on FengYun-3E （FY-3E） satellite， which can realize vertical atmospheric detection， featuring hyper spectral， high sensitivity and high precision. To ensure its accuracy of detection， it is necessary to correlate their thermal models to in-orbit data. In this work， an investigation of intelligent correlation method named Intelligent Correlation Platform for Thermal Model （ICP-TM） was established， the advanced Kriging surrogate model and efficient adaptive region optimization algorithm were introduced. After the correlation with this method for FY-3E/HIRAS-II， the results indicate that compared with the data in orbit， the error of the thermal model has decreased from 5 K to within ±1 K in cold case （10 ℃）. Then， the correlated model is validated in hot case （20 ℃）， and the correlated model exhibits good universality. This correlation precision is also much superiors to the general ones like 3 K in other similar literature. Furthermore， the process is finished in 8 days using ICP-TM， the efficiency is much better than 3 months based on manual. The results show that the proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of thermal model， this contributes to the precise thermal control of subsequent infrared optical payloads.
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HUANG Song, CUI Peng-Wei, WANG Yue, WANG Liang-Liang, ZHANG Jia-Shun, MA Jun-Chi, ZHANG Chun-Xue, GUO Li-Yong, YANG Han-Ming, WU Yuan-Da, AN Jun-Ming, SONG Ze-Guo
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.010
Abstract:
A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit （PLC） technology. By extending the wavelength allocation from 8 channels to 16 channels as specified in IEEE 802.3bs， we increased the number of channels and boosted transmission capacity to meet the 1.6 Tbps and higher-speed signal transmission requirements for future data centers. Through optimizing the AWG structure， it has achieved insertion loss （IL） better than -1.61 dB， loss uniformity below 0.35 dB， polarization-dependent loss （PDL） below 0.35 dB， adjacent channel crosstalk under -20.05 dB， ripple less than 0.75 dB， center wavelength offset under 0.22 nm and 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 2.88 nm. The AWG has been successfully measured to transmit 53 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation （PAM4） signal per channel and the total transmission speed can reach 1.6Tbps and above.
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YUAN Di-Jian, XU Xin-Ke, LIU Tong, WANG Jin-Wen, DU Yu
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.017
Abstract:
Target center positioning is a critical technology in the calibration process of infrared thermal images. Given the relatively complex morphology of target images， we propose a center positioning algorithm based on improved template matching with self-constructed convolution kernels. The algorithm first constructs a normalized template with target image features and performs matching operations on subsampled and preprocessed target images to obtain coarse positioning results. Based on the coarse positioning center， the original image undergoes ROI fine matching， and further correction is achieved through a subpixel subdivision algorithm， ultimately determining the precise target center position. This algorithm effectively detects target images with blurring and indistinct edge features， avoiding interference from blurring， occlusion， complex backgrounds， or indistinct features. It demonstrates good robustness， accurately positions the target center， and operates at high speed. Compared to traditional template matching methods like CCORR， NCC， and Hough transform， it offers significant improvements and meets the positioning requirements in the automatic calibration process of infrared thermal imagers.
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ZHOU Si-Han, ZHAO Pu-Fan, HAN Qi-Jin, LUAN Chao, YANG Jian, WANG Heng, MA Yue, ZHOU Hui, LI Song
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.011
Abstract:
The linear mode laser altimeter onboard China's satellite is primarily used to provide elevation control points for imagery. During satellite operations， environmental variations can induce laser pointing offsets， which in turn increase the positioning errors of the footprints， thereby directly reducing the elevation accuracy of the control points. This issue is particularly pronounced in complex mountainous terrains. To enhance the reliability of laser altimeter observations from satellites in such regions， this paper proposed a new laser footprint positioning method based on waveform frequency domain matching. This method utilizes high-precision terrain data for waveform simulation and determines the position of the laser footprint by calculating the correlation between the simulated waveform and the waveform received by China's Gaofen series satellite in the frequency domain. Additionally， systematic deviations in laser pointing are derived from the joint computational results of multi-footprint frequency domain matching. Experiments were conducted using in three regions： central Montana， western Wyoming， and eastern Utah in the United States. The results indicate that the standard deviations of footprint planar offset distances， planar true north pinch angles， and equivalent laser pointing deviation angles obtained with this method are all superior to those achieved with the time-domain waveform matching method. The findings underscore the advantages of frequency-domain waveform matching in achieving high-precision footprint localization， thereby providing a robust foundation for enhancing the utility of satellite laser altimeter observations in challenging environments and facilitating the correction of laser altimeter pointing errors.
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YE Min-Rui, CUI Wen-Nan, HUANG Xia-Yang, Zhang Tao
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.016
Abstract:
The study aims to reveal the detection advantages of infrared polarization imaging systems deployed on aerostat platforms in sea fog conditions. Firstly， based on the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function， this research analyzes how polarization characteristics vary with observation angles， demonstrating the applicability of infrared polarization in oblique imaging from aerostats. Secondly， by using the Monte-Carlo method and MRTD model， the study develops a model to determine the maximum operating distance of infrared polarization imaging systems. This model verifies the superiority of infrared polarization imaging over infrared intensity imaging in terms of maintaining features and detection distance under sea fog conditions. The results provide theoretical analysis and simulation evidence supporting the deployment of infrared polarization technology on aerostat platforms.
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NIE Su-Zhen, CAO Jie, ZHUANG Xu-Ye, HAO Qun
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.002
Abstract:
UAVs have a wide range of applications in agriculture， logistics， rescue and disaster relief because of their compactness， lightness and flexibility. However， if they are used improperly or mismanaged， they may not only cause personal privacy leakage and property loss， but also pose a threat to public safety and even military security. Therefore， real-time and accurate detection and warning of UAVs in the airspace plays an important role. In this regard， a multi-channel interactive attention and edge contour enhancement （MCIAECE） method for infrared UAV detection is proposed. Firstly， the shallow and deep features of the infrared image are extracted by a dual-channel consisting of a multi-channel interactive attention mechanism module and an edge contour enhancement module， after which the attention mechanism enhances the target features while the edge contour enhancement obtains more detailed information. Then the extracted features of each layer are fused and enhanced using the multilevel feature fusion module to obtain the detection results. The experimental results show that better results can be achieved with multi-channel interactive attention and edge contour enhancement on all three datasets. Among them， the best results are obtained on the NUDT-SIRST infrared dataset， with the detection probability and intersection over union of 98.83% and 85.11% respectively， and the effect is significant in the edge contour restoration of the target compared with other methods.
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LI Chong, MA Zi-Yi, YANG Shuai, LIU Yue-Wen, WANG Jia-Xuan, LIU Yun-Fei, DONG Yu-Sen, LI Zi-Qian, LIU Dian-Bo
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.001
Abstract:
In this paper， the punch-through phenomenon was studied， based on a fabricated separate absorption， charge， and multiplication avalanche photodetector （SACM APD）. The spectral response， capacitance characteristics， and I-V characteristics at different operating temperatures of the APD were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile， the device performance before and after the punch-through phenomenon were compared， and the model of the electric field region formed by external voltage was analyzed， based on the measurement results and the simulated electric field and energy band distributions by SILVACO. When the ion implantation energy of the charge layer was 580 KeV， the simulated device had a punch-through voltage of -30V and a capacitance reduction of one-third before punch-through. Then， a Si SACM APD was prepared based on CMOS process. The punch-through voltage of the device was -30V and the capacitance was reduced to 1/3@1MHz before punch-through， which exactly matched the simulation results. Moreover， the photocurrent after punch-through increases to 2.18 times of the before value at 808 nm. The peak responsivity increases from 0.171 A/W@590 nm to 0.377 A/W@820 nm.
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ZHU Xiao-Jun, LIU Yu, WU Yue, ZHUANG Hao-Ran, SUN Dan, SHI Yue-Chun, CAO Juan, YANG Yong-Jie
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.004
Abstract:
A novel near-infrared all-fiber mode monitor based on a mini-two-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MTP-MZI） is proposed. The MTP-MZI mode monitor is created by fusing a section of （no-core fiber ，NCF） and a （single-mode fiber ，SMF） together with an optical fiber fusion splicer， establishing two distinct centimeter-level optical transmission paths. Since the high-order modes in NCF transmit near-infrared light more sensitively to curvature-induced energy leakage than the fundamental mode in SMF， the near-infrared high-order mode light leaks out of NCF when the curvature changes， causing the MTP-MZI transmission spectrum to change. By analyzing the relationship between the curvature， transmission spectrum， and spatial frequency spectrum， the modes involved in the interference can be studied， thereby revealing the mode transmission characteristics of near-infrared light in optical fibers. In the verification experiments， higher-order modes were excited by inserting a novel hollow-core fiber （HCF） into the MTP-MZI. When the curvature of the MTP-MZI changes， the near-infrared light high-order mode introduced into the device leaks out， causing the transmission spectrum to return to its original state before bending and before the HCF was spliced. The experimental results demonstrate that the MTP-MZI mode monitor can monitor the fiber modes introduced from the external environment， providing both theoretical and experimental foundations for near-infrared all-fiber mode monitoring in optical information systems.
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,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.014
Abstract:
One of the key areas of advancement in space-based infrared sensing is the high-sensitivity detection of small and weak targets. A major innovation in this regard is the design of the infrared detection system indicator， which is influenced by the characteristics of the target background radiation. The effectiveness of space-based infrared detection is significantly challenged by airborne targets， especially civil aircraft. These targets are active in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. They exhibit weak and variable radiation characteristics due to complex background clutter and atmospheric attenuation. Aiming to address this issue， this paper proposes a multi-parameter joint optimization method for an airborne target infrared detection system based on the coupling of the multiple physical effects. Firstly， the initial optimization of the target detection spectral band in the sky is completed based on the spectral radiation characteristics of the target， the background， and the spectral atmospheric transmittance change characteristics of the target-sky-based detection platform. Subsequently， the detection sensitivity requirements are proposed. Then， a system parameter optimization method is established with the target motion speed limit， earth background limit， and detection sensitivity as the three major boundaries. This method facilitates the creation of an infrared detection index system for air targets.
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DU Shu-Hao, ZHENG Xian-Tong, JIA Han, CUI Jin-Tao, ZHANG Shi-Ya, FENG Yu-Lin, LIU Yuan, LIU Ming, ZHANG Dong-Liang
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.015
Abstract:
In the process of power scaling large-area quantum cascade lasers （QCLs）， challenges such as degradation of beam quality and emission of multilobed far-field modes are frequently encountered. These issues become particularly pronounced with an increase in ridge width， resulting in multimode problems. To tackle this， an innovative multi ridge waveguide structure based on the principle of supersymmetry （SUSY） was proposed. This structure comprises a wider main waveguide in the center and two narrower auxiliary waveguides on either side. The high-order modes of the main waveguide are coupled with the modes of the auxiliary waveguides through mode-matching design， and the optical loss of the auxiliary waveguides suppresses these modes， thereby achieving fundamental mode lasing of the wider main waveguide. This paper employs the finite difference eigenmode （FDE） method to perform detailed structural modeling and simulation optimization of the 4.6 μm wavelength quantum cascade laser， successfully achieving a single transverse mode QCL with a ridge width of 10 μm. In comparison to the traditional single-mode QCL（with a ridge width of about 5 μm）， the MRW structure has the potential to increase the gain area of the laser by 100%. This offers a novel design concept and methodology for enhancing the single-mode luminous power of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers， which is of considerable significance.
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DU Hai-Wei, WANG Jing-Yi, SUN Chang-Ming, LI Qiang-Shuang
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.005
Abstract:
Electro-optic sampling （EOS） detection technique has been widely used in terahertz science and technology， and it also can measure the field time waveform of the few-cycle laser pulse. Its frequency response and band limitation are determined directly by the electro-optic crystal and duration of the probe laser pulse. Here， we investigate the performance of the EOS with thin GaSe crystal in the measurement of the mid-infrared few-cycle laser pulse. The shift of the central frequency and change of the bandwidth induced by the EOS detection are calculated， and then the pulse distortions induced in this detection process are discussed. It is found that this technique produces a red-shift of the central frequency and narrowing of the bandwidth. These changings decrease when the laser wavelength increase from 2 μm to 10 μm. This work can help to estimate the performance of the EOS detection technique in the mid-infrared band and offer a reference for the related experiment as well.
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TAN Cheng, YAN Chuan-Feng, ZANG Shan-Zhi, WANG Kai, GAN Liang-Hua, CAO Chen-Tao, CHEN Bing-Qi, CHEN Hong-Tai, ZHANG Yue-Heng, FANG Yu-Long, XU Gang-Yi
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.008
Abstract:
A single-mode terahertz quantum cascade laser （THz-QCL） with a two-dimensional patch antenna array as a resonant cavity is proposed and realized. The active region of each patch antenna is sandwiched between two metal layers， exhibiting full-scale subwavelength characteristics and exciting a vertical electric quadrupole mode with low radiation loss. The inter-antenna coupling within the array effectively suppresses electromagnetic leakage in the plane， allowing for a high-quality factor and low threshold current density even with only a few antennas in the array. As a result， the laser's power consumption is reduced to 950 mW. Moreover， the discrete antenna array design provides a larger heat dissipation area compared to the heat-generating area， and with the lateral heat dissipation channels offered by the unpumped regions， the thermal resistance per unit area is as low as 5.6 mK/W/cm2. By significantly reducing power consumption and enhancing heat dissipation efficiency， the laser achieves a lasing frequency of 3.18 THz， a side-mode suppression ratio （SMSR） of 19.5 dB， and a beam divergence angle of 35°×35°. It operates continuously at 3.14 mW at 20 K， with a maximum continuous operation temperature of 90 K， notably higher than that of Fabry-Pérot cavity lasers made from the same material. This work provides a novel approach to improve the continuous operating temperature of THz-QCLs.
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LI Hai-Bin, WANG Yu-Ye, WANG Ze-Long, XU Bing-Feng, XU De-Gang, YAO Jian-Quan
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Traumatic brain injury is one of the most serious diseases that endanger human health. Sensitive and rapid detection method is a kind of powerful guarantee for the accurate and effective treatment of traumatic brain injury. In recent years, terahertz (THz) wave and Raman spectroscopy have broad application prospects in biomedical diagnosis and other fields due to their complementarity in technology. In this article, the researches of terahertz wave and Raman spectroscopy technology in traumatic brain injury detection were summarized in response to the needs and difficulties of traumatic brain injury diagnosis. Firstly, the development status of THz imaging and THz spectroscopy technology was introduced, and the applications of the two technologies in traumatic brain injury detection were also introduced, respectively. In addition, the principle and classification of Raman spectroscopy were summarized, and the research of Raman spectroscopy in the detection of traumatic brain injury tissues, body fluids, and biomarkers were discussed. Finally, the development trend of THz wave and Raman spectroscopy in the detection of traumatic brain injury was analyzed, which provides a new research idea for the application of THz wave and Raman spectroscopy in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of traumatic brain injury.
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Abbas Haddadi, Gail Brown, Manijeh Razeghi
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.003
Abstract:
This study introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework for accurately calculating the electronic band-structure of strained long-wavelength InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices. Utilizing an eight-band
Hamiltonian in conjunction with a scattering matrix method， the model effectively incorporates quantum confinement， strain effects， and interface states. This robust and numerically stable approach achieves exceptional agreement with experimental data， offering a reliable tool for analyzing and engineering the band structure of complex multilayer systems. - 1
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ZHOU Pan-Wei, DING Xue-Zhuan, LI Fan-Ming, YE Xi-Sheng
Abstract:
In order to meet the urgent need of infrared search and track applications for accurate identification and positioning of infrared guidance aircraft， an active-detection mid-wave infrared search and track system （ADMWIRSTS） based on "cat-eye effect" was developed. The ADMWIRSTS mainly consists of both a light beam control subsystem and an infrared search and track subsystem. The light beam control subsystem uses an integrated opto-mechanical two-dimensional pointing mirror to realize the control function of the azimuth and pitch directions of the system， which can cover the whole airspace range of 360°×90°. The infrared search and track subsystem uses two mid-wave infrared cooled 640×512 focal plane detectors for co-aperture beam expanding， infrared and illumination laser beam combining， infrared search， and two-stage track opto-mechanical design. In this work，the system integration design and structural finite-element analysis were conducted， the search imaging and two-stage track imaging for external scenes were performed， and the active-detection technologies were experimentally verified in the laboratory. The experimental investigation results show that the system can realize the infrared search and track imaging and the accurate identification and positioning of the mid-wave infrared guidance or infrared detection system through the echo of the illumination laser. The aforementioned work has important technical significance and practical application value for the development of compactly-integrated high-precision infrared search and track and laser suppression system， and has broad application prospects in the protection of equipment， assets and infrastructures.
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GUO Xiao-Qing, LIANG Fang, WANG Ze-Wen, DONG Zuo-Ru, LIN Yi-Chao, ZHANG Chuan-Sheng, WANG Xiao-Dong
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
The performance of detectors is one of the key factors for space target detection. In this paper, the performance requirements of blocked impurity band detectors for the ground-based detection scenario of space targets are analyzed. The theoretical calculation of background radiation and point target radiation is carried out by establishing the radiation transmission model of ground-based detection scenario. The correlation between radiation and detector performance is also analyzed. Taking space debris as a typical target and ground-based telescope as a carrying platform, the key performance requirements such as quantum efficiency, dark current, full well and specific detectivity are analyzed and calculated in the mid-latitude and high-altitude detection environment. This work lays a theoretical foundation for the detector structure design of ground-based detection.
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DU Ai-Bo, YU Chun-Lei, SHAO Xiu-Mei, YU Jin-Ying, BAO Peng-Fei, LU Jin-Su, YANG Bo, ZHU Xian-Liang, LI Xue
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
The application of InGaAs focal plane arrays (FPAs) requires high density and small pixel pitch. However, as the pixel pitch decreases, the pixel coupling becomes stronger. By fabricating 5 μm pitch InGaAs arrays with different scales, the pixel coupling effects in high-density InGaAs arrays were studied. Innovatively, matrix equations were introduced to describe the contributions of dark current from each part, and a mathematical model of pixel coupling was constructed, and the contributions of the dark current resulting from the coupling effects were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that at a bias voltage of -0.1 V, a reverse-biased pixels in the array can reduce the dark current of adjacent reverse-biased pixels by 21.39% of the pixel's initial dark current. In contrast, zero-biased pixels can increase the dark current of adjacent reverse-biased pixels by 219.42%. Based on this high-density focal plane pixel coupling model, the impact rules of pixel coupling on dark current have been summarized, providing new insights for dark current research in high-density InGaAs focal plane arrays.
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ZENG Chang-hang, CHEN Jun, LI Si, YANG Xiu-hua, LI Qiu-yan, Ding Zhi-hong, TAO Chao-kun, XU Shi-chun
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
The thermal load of the cryogenic infrared detector Dewar is a comprehensive indicator characterizing the adiabatic capacity of the Dewar. Radiative heat is a part of the thermal load. When calculating the radiative heat ，the traditional approach typically simplifies the Dewar to a coaxial cylindrical model. This simplified model differs significantly from the actual one and the traditional approach is incapable of computing the radiative heat transfer between surfaces where emissivity， transmittance， and reflectance vary with wavelength. To enhance the calculation accuracy of the Dewar"s radiative heat， based on the Monte Carlo principle， a 3D Studio Max modeling was employed， model information was extracted， and a program was developed， resulting in a set of general calculation programs for the Dewar"s radiative heat based on the radiation transfer factor. To preliminarily verify the accuracy of the calculation program， the cold side radiative heat of two types of experimental dewars was calculated according to the gray body assumption and compared with the measured values. The theoretical calculated value and measured value of the cold side radiation heat of experimental dewar 1 were 155 mW and 136 mW， respectively， with an error of 19 mW； the theoretical calculated value and measured value of cold side radiation heat of experimental dewar 2 were 87 mW and 79 mW， respectively， with an error of 8 mW. After initially testing the accuracy of the calculation program， the cold side radiative heat of an engineering typical 1K×1K long-wave dewar when the emissivity of the window facing it was 0.9 was calculated and measured experimentally. The theoretical calculated value was 127 mW， and the measured value was 110 mW， with an error of 17 mW.
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YAO Chang-Fei, WENG Lv-Tao, DONG Wen-Chao, CHEN Si-Yu, WANG Hao, WANG Wen-Wei, LIU Qiang, ZHU Ming
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
A transceiver module operating at the 220 GHz frequency band was developed， consisting of three parts： a local oscillator chain， a transmitter chain， and a receiver chain， featuring high integration. A 218~226 GHz waveguide bandpass filter was designed to suppress spurious signals in the chain. The filter adopts a dual-mode resonant cavity structure to introduce a transmission zero on the left side of the passband， which suppresses the 214 GHz spurious signal by 60 dBc. An improved E-plane magic-T structure was used to form a four-way power combining amplifier to meet the requirement of transmit power. This module achieves a power combining efficiency of 72.5% and the output power is higher than 82 mW. The measured results show that in the 219.5~221 GHz frequency range， the transmit power is 82~95 mW， the noise figure of the receiver is less than 7.1 dB， the receive gain is 5.1~6.0 dB， and the volume of module is 65×70×30 mm3.
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LI Zhao-Wei, FENG Shi-Yang, WANG Bin
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Self-supervised pre-training methods have strong capabilities in feature extraction and model transfer. However， current pre-training methods in multimodal remote sensing image （RSI） fusion only perform simple fusion operations such as concatenation on the extracted multimodal features without designing dedicated modules for the integration of multimodal information， leading to insufficient fusion of complementary information across modalities. Secondly， these methods do not consider and utilize the cross-scale consistency priors within RSIs， resulting in limited extraction and integration of multimodal remote sensing information， and thus the performance of various downstream tasks needs to be improved. In response to the above issues， a multimodal RSI fusion method based on self-supervised pre-training and cross-scale contrastive learning is proposed， which mainly includes three parts： 1） By introducing a cross-attention fusion mechanism to preliminarily integrate features extracted from different modalities， and then using encoder modules to further extract features， explicit aggregation and extraction of complementary information from each modality are achieved； 2） By introducing a cross-modality fusion mechanism， each modality can extract useful supplementary information from the features of all modalities， and reconstruct each modality’s input after separate decoding； 3） Based on the cross-scale consistency constraints of RSIs， cross-scale contrastive learning is introduced to enhance the extraction of single-modality information， achieving more robust pre-training. Experimental results on multiple public multimodal RSI fusion datasets demonstrate that， compared with existing methods， the proposed algorithm has achieved significant performance improvements in various downstream tasks. On the Globe230k dataset， our method achieves an average intersection over union （mIoU） of 79.01%， an overall accuracy （OA） of 92.56%， and an average F1 score （mF1） of 88.05%， and it has the advantages of good scalability and easy hyperparameter setting.
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Zhang zongkun, Sun Yan, Hao Jiaming, Dai Ning
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
We present the design， simulation， and experimental validation of a InP/In0.53Ga0.47As laser power converters for the wavelength of 1550 nm. By optimizing the thickness of the absorption layer and using a double-layer anti-reflection structure （SiO2 and SiN）， By optimizing the thickness of the absorption layer and adopting a dual-layer anti-reflective structure （SiO2 and SiN）， the device achieved an absorptance of 96% under 1550 nm laser irradiation， demonstrating insensitivity to angle variation and robust to wavelength shifts. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation results. The external quantum efficiency （EQE） reaches 92%. Under a laser power density of 47 mW/cm2， the cell’s conversion efficiency reached 23%. Further refinement of device processing is needed to reduce series and shunt resistances， thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the laser photovoltaic cell. In addition， this study delves into the impact of cell area on the photovoltaic performance， providing optimization directions for the miniaturization of laser photovoltaic cells.
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JIN Jia-Rong, HAN Gui-Cheng, WANG Chong-Ru, WU Ren-Fei, WANG Yue-Ming
Abstract:
Airborne area-array whisk-broom imaging systems typically adopt constant-speed scanning schemes. For large-inertia scanning systems, constant-speed scanning requires substantial time to complete the reversal motion, reducing the system's adaptability to high-speed reversal scanning and decreasing scanning efficiency. This study proposes a novel sinusoidal variable-speed roll scanning strategy, which reduces abrupt changes in speed and acceleration, minimizing time loss during reversals. Based on the forward image motion compensation strategy in the pitch direction, we establish a line-of-sight (LOS) position calculation model with vertical flight path correction (VFPC), ensuring that the central LOS of the scanned image remains stable on the same horizontal line, facilitating accurate image stitching in whisk-broom imaging. Through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, the proposed method improves scanning efficiency by approximately 18.6% at a 90° whisk-broom imaging angle under the same speed height ratio conditions. The new VFPC method enables wide-field, high-resolution imaging, achieving single-line LOS horizontal stability with an accuracy of better than 0.4 mrad. The research is of great significance to promote the further development of airborne area-array whisk-broom imaging technology toward wider fields of view, higher speed height ratios, and greater scanning efficiency.
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,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Based on two-dimensional triangular lattice photonic crystal， a multi-functional device of two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide light-emitting beaming with integrated filtering function is designed， which can realize the fusion of outgoing light beaming and specific wavelength efficient filtering. The beam structure of the emitting light is similar to the grating structure， and the beam is in the state of clustering through the mutual interference principle between the multi-channel， which improves the radiation efficiency and distance of the emitting light. The finite difference time domain method can be used to obtain the effective propagation distance of 450 at the incident wavelength of 1.447. The structure design has a good beaming ability for incident light in the range of 1.435~1.465. At the same time， there are two hexagonal coupled filtering structures on either side of the waveguide， which are close to 98.4% and 97.3% transmission efficiency for incident light waves with a central wavelength of 1.490 and 1.510， respectively.The fusion structure successfully realizes the filtering and clustering functions.
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JIANG Qing-Nan, TAN Zhi-Yong, WAN Wen-Jian, FU Zhang-Long, XIA Yu, LI Min, CAO Jun-Cheng
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
The photoconductive antenna is a very important device in the terahertz region and is widely used in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology. This article uses the molecular beam epitaxy method to grow Be-doped InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice as light absorbing materials for 1550 nm laser pumped photoconductive antenna for terahertz detection. The prepared materials have a sheet resistance greater than 106 Ω/sq and an electron mobility of 216 cm2/（Vs）； The active mesa and electrode structure of the detection antenna are prepared using wet etching and magnetron sputtering processes， and the antenna chip is packaged on a PCB board. A detection antenna measurement system is built by employing a domestically produced 1550 nm femtosecond pump laser， and the detection antennas with electrode gaps of 40 μm and 60 μm were characterized； The measurement results indicate that the 60 μm antenna has a wider spectral width and power dynamic range， reaching 4.0 THz and 77.0 dB， respectively.
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Bi Liangjie, Li Hailong, Wang Bin, Meng Lin, Yin Yong
Abstract:
In this paper, a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn1 mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators (EIOs) for generating high power at G-band. Two separate EIOs are coupled through a specific single-gap coupling field supported by a designed gap waveguide with length (Lg), which form the phase-locked EIOs based on the commonly-resonated system. As a whole system, the system has been focused on with mode analysis based on different single-gap coupling field, mode hopping, which presents the variation of phase difference between the two-beam-wave interaction when changing the Lg. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit system in producing phase locking, we conducted particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to show that the interesting mode hopping occurs with the phase difference of 0 and π between the output signals from two output ports, corresponding to the excitation of the TMn1 mode with different n. Simulation results show that 1) the oscillator can deliver two times of the output power obtained from one single oscillator at 220 GHz, 2) the two EIOs can still deliver output signals with phase difference of 0 and π when the currents of the two beams are different or the fabrication errors of the two EIO cavities are taken into account. The proposed scheme is promising in extending to phase locking between multiple EIOs, and generating higher power at millimeter-wave and higher frequencies.
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Huang Yi-Fan, Wang Rui, Deng Li-Ming, LI Jia-Jia, Li Xi-Cai
Abstract:
This article proposes a three-dimensional light field reconstruction method based on neural radiation field （NeRF） called Infrared NeRF for low resolution thermal infrared scenes. Based on the characteristics of low resolution thermal infrared imaging， various optimizations have been carried out to improve the speed and accuracy of thermal infrared 3D reconstruction. Firstly， inspired by Boltzmann"s law of thermal radiation， distance was incorporated into the NeRF model for the first time， resulting in a nonlinear propagation of a single ray and a more accurate description of the physical property that infrared radiation intensity decreases with increasing distance. Secondly， in terms of improving inference speed， based on the phenomenon of high and low frequency distribution of foreground and background in infrared images， a multi ray non-uniform light synthesis strategy is proposed to make the model pay more attention to foreground objects in the scene， reduce the distribution of light in the background， and significantly reduce training time without reducing accuracy. In addition， compared to visible light scenes， infrared images only have a single channel， so fewer network parameters are required. Experiments using the same training data and data filtering method showed that compared to the original NeRF， the improved network achieved an average improvement of 13.8% and 4.62% in PSNR and SSIM， respectively， while an average decrease of 46% in LPIPS. And thanks to the optimization of network layers and data filtering methods， training only takes about 25% of the original method"s time to achieve convergence. Finally， for scenes with weak backgrounds， this article improves the inference speed of the model by 4-6 times compared to the original NeRF by limiting the query interval of the model.
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YANG Zhen, DING Shi-Hang, LIU Shi-Jie, CHEN li, ZHAO Bang-Jian, WANG Peng-Yu, WANG Ce-Yuan, XU Yu-Hui
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
When a gas leak occurs, it propagates through space in the form of diffusion, typically forming a gas plume with dynamically stable concentration near the leakage source, which appears as a quasi-static region in infrared images; this characteristic often causes reduced detection accuracy of conventional moving object detection algorithms in these regions and makes it difficult to obtain the spatial concentration distribution of the gas. To address this issue, a Vibe Gases adaptive threshold detection algorithm based on the background subtraction method was proposed, which introduces improvements in two critical phases of gas plume imaging. During the foreground extraction phase, a foreground difference matrix is first constructed through gas detection logic and subjected to two-dimensional frequency mapping. Subsequently, the optimal threshold for separating the foreground and background is calculated by fitting a difference distribution function using the least squares method. In the background updating phase, a signal matrix of the foreground gas is established and processed with two-dimensional frequency mapping. The primary signal range is then extracted through frequency-based high-pass filtering, followed by delayed updates for pixels located within both the gas region and this primary signal range. The experimental results of infrared detection imaging under stable gas leakage conditions demonstrated that at a distance of 20 meters, the detection accuracy for ethylene reached 91.0% with an Intersection over Union (IoU) metric of 89.4%, while at 5 meters, the accuracy for detecting small leaks of sulfur hexafluoride was 81.3% with an IoU of 80.7%. The algorithm significantly improved the imaging quality of gas plumes, enhanced adaptive detection capabilities across diverse gases and scenarios, and effectively extracted spatial concentration distributions of gases.
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LIU Jia-Qi, YANG Peng-Fei, ZHU Yi-Ming
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Phase consistency is produced under the requirements from the process of research， manufacture and realization in two-channel even muti-channels vector receivers. The requiring two-channel vector signals will be generated in this verification for stimulating the target systems or target sub systems， which can verify and emulate the performance in these systems or sub systems， and providing strong theories and technologies in the process of research and manufacture in systems. The specialized phase consistency measuring software controlling general instruments and specialized instruments， which can applied in the process of collocation， calibration， verification and signal generation for two-channel phase consistency signal system. The vector monitor and calibration for output network for specialized instrument has been studied and developed based on millimeter wave phase consistency， which including many technologies for realization and research like radio frequency amplitude-phase calibration， vector signal calibration， amplitude-phase measurement and restraint， and output signal threshold protection， meanwhile all testing parts are connected by Ethernet interface for feedback and control synchronization in the system.
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Cao Yi, Tang Xiaohong, Liu Yong, Cai Zongqi
Abstract:
A novel substrate integrated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition operating in the W-band is proposed in this letter. The structure is a new method of connecting microstrip circuits and waveguide filters， and this new structure enables a planar integrated transition from microstrip lines to ultra-thin cavity filters， thereby reducing the size of the transition structure and achieving miniaturization. The structure includes a conventional tapered microstrip transition structure， which guides the electromagnetic field from the microstrip line to the reduced-height dielectric-filled waveguide， and an air-filled matching cavity which is placed between the dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter. The height of the microstrip line， dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter are the same， enabling seamless integration within a planar radio-frequency （RF） circuit. To facilitate testing， mature finline transition structures are integrated at both ends of the microstrip line during fabrication. The simulation results of the fabricated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition with the finline transition structure， with a passband of 91.5-96.5 GHz， has an insertion loss of less than 1.9 dB and a return loss lower than -20 dB. And the whole structure has also been measured which achieves an insertion loss less than 2.6 dB and a return loss lower than -15dB within the filter"s passband， including the additional insertion loss introduced by the finline transitions. Finally， a W-band compact up-conversion module is designed， and the test results show that after using the proposed structure， the module achieves 95 dBc suppression of the 84 GHz local oscillator. It is also demonstrated that the structure proposed in this letter achieves miniaturization of the system integration without compromising the filter performance.
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ZHANG Ya-Xue, ZHANG Ao, GAO Jian-Jun
Abstract:
In this paper， the small-signal modeling of the Indium Phosphide High Electron Mobility Transistor （InP HEMT） based on the Transformer neural network model is investigated. The AC S-parameters of the HEMT device are trained and validated using the Transformer model. In the proposed model， the eight layers transformer encoders are connected in series and the encoder layer of each Transformer consists of the multi-head attention layer and the feed-forward neural network layer. The experimental results show that the measured and modeled S-parameters of the HEMT device match well in the frequency range of 0.5-40 GHz， with the errors versus frequency less than 1%. Compared with other models， good accuracy can be achieved to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
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Zhang Yu-Huang, Liu Xiao-Long, Sun Si-Ying, Fan Xiao-Xiao, Lin Hui, Qian Jun
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 900-1880 nm) offers high signal-to-background ratio (SBR), enhanced definition, and superior tissue penetration, making it ideal for real-time surgical navigation. However, with single-channel imaging, surgeons must frequently switch between the surgical field and the NIR-II images on the monitor. To address this issue, a coaxial dual-channel imaging system that combines visible light and 1100 nm long-pass (1100LP) fluorescence was developed. The system features a customized coaxial dual-channel lens with optimized distortion, achieving precise alignment with an error of less than ±0.15 mm. Additionally, the shared focusing mechanism simplifies operation. Using FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG), the system was successfully applied in dual-channel guided rat lymph node excision, and blood supply assessment of reconstructed human flap. This approach enhances surgical precision, improves operational efficiency, and provides a valuable reference for further clinical translation of NIR-II fluorescence imaging.
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Chen Jie, Li Guo-Yuan, Cui Xi-Ming, Yan Deng-Hua, Shen Dong-Liang, Zhang Bin, Liu Chang-Ru, Zhou Xiao-Qing, Yuan De-Bao
,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001
Abstract:
The GF-7 satellite is equipped with China 's first operational earth observation laser altimeter and sub-meter optical stereo camera. High-precision laser altimetry data and sub-meter-level optical imagery data enable 1:10,000-scale stereoscopic mapping without ground control points, offering unique application advantages in large-scale spatial infrastructure construction for digital twin water resources management and water level monitoring of lakes and reservoirs. In the study, Miyun Reservoir is taken as the main research area. The GF-7 laser altimetry data and stereo image are used to extract the reservoir water level and the surrounding digital surface model(DSM), and the application practice analysis is carried out. The results show that the absolute error of reservoir water level extracted based on laser altimetry data is less than 0.15 m, which is equivalent to the accuracy of the same type of foreign data. Based on the digital surface model, the water surface range prediction result F1 is higher than 0.85, and the water volume change monitoring error is less than 3%, which can meet the requirements of related hydrological analysis applications. The relevant conclusions are of reference value for promoting the application of domestic GF-7 satellite laser altimetry and stereo image data in water conservancy, and better assisting the construction of basin level digital twin water conservancy.
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
光学生物医学融合与成像技术的应用
红外光电系统与应用技术
红外物理与材料器件
毫米波与太赫兹技术
光学生物医学融合与成像技术的应用
Application of Optical-Biomedical Fusion and Imaging Technology
光学生物医学融合与成像技术的应用
红外光谱与遥感技术
Infrared Optoelectronic System and Application Technology
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
红外光电系统与应用技术
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
红外物理与材料器件
Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices
红外学科交叉融合研究
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology
毫米波与太赫兹技术
光学生物医学融合与成像技术的应用
红外物理与材料器件
红外光电系统与应用技术
红外物理与材料器件
毫米波与太赫兹技术
红外光谱与遥感技术
红外物理与材料器件
红外光谱与遥感技术
毫米波与太赫兹技术
红外光电系统与应用技术
Infrared Optoelectronic System and Application Technology
毫米波与太赫兹技术
Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology
Application of Optical-Biomedical Fusion and Imaging Technology
激光雷达创新与应用
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Millimeter Wave Imaging of Range Migration Algorithm with Adaptive Background Filtering
CHENG Zhi-Hua, ZHOU Ran, WANG Meng, YU Tao, WANG Yu-Lan, YAO Jian-Quan
Abstract:
This paper proposes a novel Range Migration Algorithm (RMA) integrated with an adaptive background filtering method specifically designed for near-field millimeter-wave imaging scenarios where targets are in close proximity to background structures. This method simulate the attention distribution mode of the human visual system which is used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and called Attention Mechanism. Based on the concept of static clutter filtering, the frequency-domain signals of the scanning aperture are divided into grid cells. Background scattering functions are established by analyzing the motion processes within each cell, and background interference is linearly filtered out. An analysis of the manifestation of background scattering interference within the algorithm is carried out, and the impact of the grid cell dimension on the imaging quality is investigated. Experimental results that the proposed method exhibits the capability to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of both the target and the background. It effectively suppresses the background interference leading to a more prominent image, meanwhile without incurring a prohibitive computational load. The method offers a novel solution for improving the performance of millimeter-wave imaging technology in practical applications.
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Fabrication of flexible, low-loss and high-reliability PI mid-infrared hollow optical fiber and investigation of its CO2 laser transmission performances
YU Shuo-Ying, ZHU Run-Miao, LIU Sheng, ZHA Zhi-Peng, ZHANG Qing-Tian, HOU Guang-Ning, FEI Ying-Di, LIU Shao-Hua, JING Cheng-Bin, CHU Jun-Hao
Abstract:
Hollow optic fiber delivery of CO2 and other mid-infrared lasers still faces several challenges in terms of transmission loss, bending flexibility and reliability, which limits its applications in laser medicine, flexible industrial processing, and intelligent sensing. A flexible, low-loss mid-infrared hollow fiber with enhanced PI/Ag/AgI interfacial bonding strength has been developed by utilizing plasma activation of polyimide (PI) structural tubing and a dynamic liquid-phase deposition process. The results showed that after plasma treatment, the N-C bonds on the surface of PI were converted to N-O bonds and active groups such as carboxyl were formed. This results in enhancement of surface hydrophilicity and the interfacial bonding strength between PI and Ag/AgI layers (from level 0 to level 2) without noticeably increasing surface roughness. The as-fabricated PI hollow fiber (ID=2 mm) exhibited a low-loss transmission window within 8~15 μm wavelength range, achieving a linear transmission loss as low as 0.05 dB/m at 10.6 μm. When bent 180° with a radius of 20 cm, the loss increased only to 0.55 dB/m. The fiber could deliver a 30 W CO2 laser beam for 300 s at 150°C without damage. After 400 min of vibration testing and 120 min of high-low temperature aging (-196°C/150°C), the transmission loss remained stable, showing its value for practical applications.
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Peak Separation and Small Signal Modeling Analysis of Abnormal Shift in the transconductance curve in InAs Composite Channel HEMT
GONG Yong-Heng, CHEN Yu-Xuan, SHI Jing-Yuan, ZHANG Da-Yong, SU Yong-Bo, DING Wu-Chang, JIN Zhi, Ding Peng
Abstract:
In this work, 100 nm gate-length InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a composite InGaAs/InAs/InGaAs channel are fabricated. DC measurements indicate that the InAs channel enhances transconductance but shifts the peak point toward lower?Vgs?under high?Vds?bias. Peak separation analysis reveals the DC transconductance curve is composed of two components: the gate-controlled transconductance and the impact-ionization-induced additional transconductance. Further analysis demonstrates that the anomalous shift originates from channel impact ionization intensity variation, which is caused by changes in the gate-drain electric field rather than carrier density in the channel. Two additional current sources were introduced in the small-signal model to characterize the impact-ionization-induced transconductance, and the numerical variation trends of their parameters are consistent with the peak separation results, which validates the mechanism's correctness. RF measurements confirm that the DC transconductance enhancement does not effectively improve RF characteristics, which is attributed to the ionization-induced transconductance having a time constant significantly larger than that of conventional transconductance components. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for controlling impact-ionization and improving effective transconductance, ultimately optimizing InAs channel HEMT design.
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Room-temperature Highly sensitive Bi2Te3 Terahertz Detector Based on Hot-carrier Photothermoelectric Effect
CAI Miao, WANG Xing-Jun, GUO Xu-Guang
Abstract:
High-performance uncooled terahertz (THz) detectors have a wide range of applications in many technological fields, such as high-rate data communications, real-time imaging, spectroscopy and sensing. However room-temperature THz detectors with high sensitivity and fast response capability are still rare. In recent years, the hot-carrier photothermoelectric (PTE) effect in two-dimensional (2D) materials has been found to be useful for room-temperature, high-speed, and highly sensitive photodetection in the THz and long-wave infrared radiation. In this study, the authors constructed a room-temperature THz detector based on the high-performance 2D layered thermoelectric material Bi2Te3, which employs a bow-tie antenna as an asymmetric light coupler and utilizes the hot-carrier PTE effect to achieve THz detection in zero-bias mode. The results show that the Bi2Te detector exhibits excellent THz detection performance, with a responsivity and noise equivalent power (NEP) of 0.45 A/W, 17 pW/Hz1/2, and a fast response time of 12 μs under 100 GHz radiation, respectively. This work demonstrates the promising application of Bi2Te3 THz detectors based on the hot-carrier PTE effect in realizing high-performance uncooled THz detectors.
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Continuous Wave Operation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Wire Lasers with Dual Coupled Gratings
TAN Cheng, ZOU Ting-Ting, ZANG Shan-Zhi, WANG Kai, GAN Liang-Hua, CAO Chen-Tao, CHEN Bing-Qi, CHEN Hong-Tai, ZHANG Yue-Heng, FANG Yu-Long, XU Gang-Yi
Abstract:
We demonstrate terahertz quantum cascade (THz-QC) wire lasers based on dual coupled gratings that achieve continuous-wave (CW) operation near liquid nitrogen temperatures with a low-divergence Gaussian-like beam profile. Our configuration circumvents the effective refractive index constraint, significantly enhancing fabrication efficiency while retaining the key advantages of low power consumption and high heat dissipation efficiency. By engineering the photonic band structure of the coupled gratings, the laser operates on two supermodes. For Supermode #1, grating 1 serves as the master oscillator while grating 2 functions as a phased antenna array, featuring a collimated beam. For Supermode #2, grating 2 is the main oscillator and simultaneously provides a collimated beam, while grating 1 offers high reflectivity. Both supermodes exhibit high cavity quality factors and low beam divergence, achieved with a significantly reduced gain area. Experimentally, both supermodes were observed, and the optimized laser produces a collimated Gaussian beam with divergence angles of 12°×18° and an optical power of 1.04 mW. The threshold power consumption and thermal resistance are as low as 2.62 W and 8.5 mK/W/cm2, respectively, resulting in a maximum CW operating temperature of 78.0 K. This work offers a more accessible route for low-divergence, low-power-consumption, high-thermal-dissipation-efficiency THz-QCLs with enhanced CW operation at elevated temperatures.
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Field-Enhanced Ge-Based PIN Structured Blocked Impurity Band Infrared Detectors in Weakly Ionized Regions
Liu Chixian, Tianye-Chen, Zexin-Wang, Qingzhi-Hu, Wei-Dou, Xiaoyan Liu, Jingwei-Ling, Changyi-Pan, Jiaqi-Zhu, Peng-Wang, Huiyong-Deng, Hong-Shen, Ning-Dai
Abstract:
A novel germanium （Ge） based blocked-impurity-band （BIB） infrared detector with a planar PIN structure was developed, using near-surface processing technique to fabricate the target and electrode contact regions. The detector demonstrates significant rectifying characteristics, exhibiting extremely low dark current under reverse bias, and its working temperature is extended to 15 K. At this temperature, the detector maintains a stable detectivity of 6 × 1012 cm·Hz1/?·W?1 within the reverse bias voltage range of 0 to -5 V. Through band structure analysis, the dark current mechanism and the impact of temperature variation on optical response were discussed in detail, and the working principle based on the low-temperature weak ionization region was proposed. Additionally, tests of the detector’s blackbody response current and detectivity were systematically measured, and the mechanism of maintaining high performance at elevated working temperatures was clarified. The result provides innovative insights for enhancing the temperature performance of Ge-based BIB detectors and offers theoretical and experimental support for the design and application of future infrared detectors.
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Effect of mixed-period gratings on the photoresponse bandwidth of long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors
TIAN Ya-Ping, LI Zhi-Feng, LI Ning, LI Xiang-Yang, XU Jin-Tong
Abstract:
The expansion of response bandwidth is an important direction in the development of quantum well infrared photodetectors. Using quantum well material with the peak response wavelength at 10.55 μm, the diffraction grating structure in the 30 μm center distance quantum well infrared detector is optimized, and six different combinations of the mixed-period gratings are obtained by mixing three grating structures with the period of 2.80, 3.50, and 4.25 μm within a single photosensitive pixel. Photoresponse spectroscopy tests show that the response bandwidth of the mixed-period grating can be broadened from 1.20 μm to 1.91 μm by up to 60% compared to a single-period grating, while the blackbody responsivity decreases by only 12%.
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The Study of Electrical Properties of Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattices
xiangtaiyi, WANG NAN, HUANG MING, CHAI Xu-Liang, CHEN Jian-Xin
Abstract:
In order to investigate the electrical properties of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices, a lattice-matched AlAsSb electrical isolation layer was grown between the GaSb substrate and the InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice epitaxial material to suppress the conductive effect of the substrate. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements revealed that the undoped superlattice exhibited N-type conductivity. As the P-type doping concentration increased, a compensation doping phenomenon was observed, with the occurrence of conductivity type transitions at 95 K and 230 K, respectively. Below the transition temperatures, P-type conductivity was exhibited, while above the transition temperatures, the material exhibited N-type conductivity. The phenomenon was analyzed using the Fermi level model, and the results indicated that the transition temperature for conductivity type changes increased with increasing doping concentration.
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High-Resolution Defect Detection in Optoelectronic Device via Scanning Imaging Technique
HU Er-Tao, LIU Jia-Wei, SHAO Peng, XIN Hao, CAI Qing-Yuan, DUAN Wei-Bo, CHEN Liang-Yao
Abstract:
Photocurrent scanning imaging (mapping) technology is a key technique in the research of solar cells and photodetectors. However, traditional galvanometer-driven beam scanning methods are limited by a restricted scanning range and image distortion. To address these shortcomings and meet the need for testing the photocurrent uniformity of large-area optoelectronic devices, an automated photocurrent mapping testing system has been developed based on optical component scanning. This system offers a large imaging range, high spatial resolution, high stability, and low cost. With its high-precision mode, it can achieve sub-micron geometric positioning (subdivision number 6400, scanning step size 0.625 μm), fulfilling both large-area scanning requirements and providing high-resolution testing. Moreover, its simple structure greatly reduces the overall cost of the mapping system. Using a silicon solar cell sample with surface covered by a “南” (south) character paper or a encoder strip mask, it was demonstrated that the scanning range exceeds 10×10 mm2, with a spatial resolution of 0.6 μm. The system was also used to characterize the surface photocurrent images of Cu?ZnSnS? and Cu?ZnSn(S,Se)? solar cells. The results show that the Cu?ZnSnS? cell contains more defects, while the Cu?ZnSn(S,Se)? cell exhibits a more uniform surface photocurrent response with fewer defects. These findings contribute to the optimization of solar cell fabrication processes.
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Research on stress adaptability of InAs/GaSb type Ⅱ superlattice long-wave focal plane infrared detectors
XUE Yong, XU Qing, HUANG Min, WANG Zhen, LIANG Zhao-Ming, XU Qing-Qing, BAI Zhi-Zhong, CHEN Jian-Xin
Abstract:
The superlattice long-wavelength infrared focal plane detectors operate at low-temperatures. The differences in the thermal expansion coefficients among the various material layers of the detectors can lead to deformation and generate thermal stress, which in turn affects the optoelectrical performances of the detector. This study designed two structural modules to achieve the regulation of stress in the superlattice detectors. The changes in dark current and spectral response of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice long-wave infrared focal plane detectors under different stress conditions were explored. The research indicates that within the stress range of -10.7 MPa to 131.9 MPa, the variations in the optoelectrical performance of the detector is small. The detector was subjected to a temperature shock test, and it demonstrated high reliability. Our research results provide guidance for the structural design of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice long-wave infrared focal plane detectors and offer a basis for their performance and reliability assessment.
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Study on the performance and parameters of interdigitated GaAs photoconductive terahertz radiation source
ZHANG yu-song, Shi Wei, LI yi-fan, Hou Lei, LI huan-lin
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Optimizing the substrate material and electrode structure of photoconductive antennas is crucial to improving their performance in radiating terahertz waves. Compared with traditional photoconductive antennas (PCA), interdigitated photoconductive antennas (IPCA) can build multiple array elements in a smaller photosensitive area and have superior radiation performance. In this paper, six types of IPCA with different number of array elements and electrode gaps were designed and developed. The reverse electric field between adjacent electrodes was eliminated by blocking metal layers. The radiation characteristics and polarization characteristics of IPCA were compared with traditional PCA (parallel electrode antenna and bowtie antenna). The changes of the radiation characteristics of IPCA with the number of array elements, electrode gap, pump light energy and bias electric field were further studied. Experimental results show that the THz pulse radiation amplitude of the 40-element IPCA is 30 times higher than that of a single antenna.
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A Multi-Attention Mechanism U-Net Neural Network for Image Correction of PbS Quantum Dot Focal Plane Detectors
Hanting Wang, Di Yun-Xiang, Xingyu Qi, Yingzhe Sha, Yahui Wang, Lingfeng Ye, Weiyi Tang, Ba Kun, Wang Xu-Dong, Huang Zhang-Cheng, Chu Jun-Hao, Shen Hong, Wang Jian-Lu
Abstract:
Near-infrared image sensors are widely used in fields such as material identification, machine vision, and autonomous driving. Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot-based infrared photodiodes can be integrated with silicon-based readout circuits in a single step. Based on this, we propose a photodiode based on an n-i-p structure, which removes the buffer layer and further simplifies the manufacturing process of quantum dot image sensors, thus reducing manufacturing costs. Additionally, for the noise complexity in quantum dot image sensors when capturing images, traditional denoising and non-uniformity methods often do not achieve optimal denoising results. For the noise and stripe-type non-uniformity commonly encountered in infrared quantum dot detector images, a network architecture has been developed that incorporates multiple key modules. This network combines channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms, dynamically adjusting the importance of feature maps to enhance the ability to distinguish between noise and details. Meanwhile, the residual dense feature fusion module further improves the network"s ability to process complex image structures through hierarchical feature extraction and fusion. Furthermore, the pyramid pooling module effectively captures information at different scales, improving the network"s multi-scale feature representation ability. Through the collaborative effect of these modules, the network can better handle various mixed noise and image non-uniformity issues. Experimental results show that it outperforms the traditional U-Net network in denoising and image correction tasks.
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Design and fabrication of pixel-level infrared metalens arrays for light field control
ZHANG Feng, WANG Fang-Fang, ZHOU Jian, YING Xiang-Xiao, ZHOU Yi, CHEN Jian-Xin
Abstract:
Metalenses，with their unique optical field modulation characteristics and remarkable advantages of high integration and miniaturization, have broad applications in the integrated imaging system of lightweight and small-sized optoelectronic chips. In this paper, a metalens structure for pixel-level integrated infrared focal plane applications was designed. The preparation of the structure adopted a method combining stepper lithography technology and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) etching process. Through a systematic optimization of etching parameters, including gas flow rate, working pressure, and power, the loading effect was effectively suppressed and the standard deviation of the etching rate was decreased from 0.205% to 0.073%. Finally, a highly uniform metalens array was fabricated, with a pixel center distance of 30 μm, an array of 640×512, and a maximum aspect ratio of 3.42 of Si pillars. The focusing distance for 4.3 μm wavelength infrared light is 35 μm. The measured optical field convergence efficiencies, within radial ranges of 10 μm and 20 μm in the centra area at the focal length, are 66.4% and 84.9%, respectively. The optical field energy is increased by 5.98 times and 1.91 times, respectively, compared with that without the integrated metalens within the same area range. This study will provide the structural design and processing foundation for the integration of pixel-level metalens arrays with infrared chips.
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High performance multifunction integrated optic circuits base on thin-film lithium niobate
Qu Baiang, GUO Hong-Jie, YANG Yong-Kang, CHEN Wen-Bin, GUO Wen-Tao, TAN Man-Qing
Abstract:
This paper introduces an innovative Multifunction Integrated Optic Circuit (MIOC) design utilizing thin-film lithium niobate, surpassing traditional bulk waveguide-based MIOCs in terms of size, half-wave voltage requirements, and integration capabilities. By implementing a sub-wavelength grating structure, we achieve a Polarization Extinction Ratio (PER) exceeding 29 dB. Furthermore, our electrode design facilitates a voltage-length product (VπL) below 2 V·cm, while a double-tapered coupling structure significantly reduces insertion loss. This advancement provides a pivotal direction for the miniaturization and integration of optical gyroscopes, marking a substantial contribution to the field.
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Moving Mirror Speed Compound Control of the Fourier Transform Spectrometer Based on T-method
HUANG Ying, DUAN Juan, GUO Qian, DING Lei, HUA Jian-Wen
Abstract:
The Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) is a precision infrared detection instrument. It adopts Michelson interference splitting, and the moving mirror is one of the core components. The uniformity and stability of the moving mirror’s speed directly affect the quality of the subsequent interferogram, so it is necessary to carry out high-precision motion control of the moving mirror. For some FTS with moving mirror in low-speed motion, the traditional M-method can no longer meet the requirements of speed measurement accuracy. In addition, when the moving mirror moves at a low speed, the speed stability is more easily affected by external mechanical disturbance. Based on the stability requirement of the low-speed moving mirror, this paper studies the motion control of the moving mirror based on the T-method measuring speed. It proposes a high-precision algorithm to obtain the measured and expected value of the velocity. By establishing the mathematical model and dynamic equation of the controlled object, the speed feedforward input is obtained, and then the compound speed controller based on the feedforward control is designed. The control algorithm is implemented by the FPGA hardware platform and applied to the FTS. The experimental results show that the error of the peak-to-peak velocity is 0.0182, and the error of the root mean square (RMS) velocity is 0.0027. To test the anti-interference ability of the moving mirror speed control system, 5mg sine excitation force is applied in the motion direction of the moving mirror on the FTS for frequency-fixed scanning. The frequency range is 2-200Hz. The experimental results show that under the excitation, the maximum error of the peak-to-peak velocity is 0.0679, and the maximum error of the RMS velocity is 0.0205. The speed stability of the moving mirror can still meet the performance requirements of the FTS. This design provides a technical means for realizing the speed control of the moving mirror with low speed and high stability. Also it makes the FTS have wider applications.
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Aircraft contrail detection based on satellite-borne hyperspectral images
XIE Shu-Xin, LI Peng-Fei, ZHAO Si-Wei, LIAN Xiao-Ying, SUN De-Xin
Abstract:
Existing methods for detecting aircraft contrails primarily relied on the radiance or temperature differences between specific channels in multispectral images. However, they did not fully exploit the potential of spectral features. The advancement of satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging technology has provided a new data foundation for aircraft contrail detection. This study explored a detection algorithm for potential aircraft contrails using shortwave infrared hyperspectral images from the GF-5 AHSI. A spatial-spectral feature extraction method was proposed, which leveraged the complementary nature of spatial and spectral information in hyperspectral images. The method achieved an accuracy of over 97% and a false alarm rate of less than 2% on GF-5 hyperspectral image data. This work offers valuable insights for future research.
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Bound States in the Continuum for Encoded Imaging
Abstract:
Artificial structures known as metasurfaces are used extensively to control the propagation, phase, amplitude, and polarization of light by finely adjusting the characteristics of electromagnetic waves on a sub-wavelength scale. In this work, we suggest a Bound States in the Continuum (BIC) structure based on a metallic metasurface. We were able to achieve a notable BIC peak at a frequency of 0.8217 terahertz (THz) by carefully modifying the metallic structures utilizing CST and COMSOL tools.We discovered through multi-level expansion analysis that the electric dipole (ED) is primarily responsible for this structure's resonant characteristic. We created and put into operation an image system that operates at 0.8217 THz by utilizing the features of BIC. According to experimental data, the imaging system offers outstanding sensitivity and resolution, indicating great promise for terahertz imaging. In addition to offering fresh concepts for the creation of metasurface-based BIC structures, our research gives useful references for the advancement of high-performance terahertz imaging technologies.
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Cavity-enhance absorption spectroscopy for the measurement of Oxygen concentration
SONG Jun-Ling, RAO Wei, WANG Lin-Yan, ZHU Xiao-Hui, WANG Dian-Kai, FENG Gao-Ping
Abstract:
A high-performance oxygen detection system enables real-time online monitoring of critical parameters such as oxygen concentration and flow velocity within the engine, ensuring optimal operational efficiency. In flow field tests for engines such as scramjet and aviation engines, the complex environment characterized by high temperatures, pressures, and velocities, along with limited measurement space, poses significant challenges for accurate flow field diagnostics. To address these challenges, a device for measuring oxygen component concentration based on cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) was developed. The device features an embedded optical probe design and incorporates multi-directional adjustment mechanisms at both the transmitting and receiving ends to facilitate precise optical path alignment, enhancing its applicability in engineering experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that, in a static environment, the measured oxygen concentration was 20.846?0.97%.. In shock tube experiments, the system successfully captured three distinct states: before the arrival of the incident shock wave, after the passage of the incident shock wave but before the reflected shock wave arrived, and after the passage of the reflected shock wave. The measured oxygen concentration data were consistent with theoretical predictions.
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Silicon valley photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder thermo -optic modulator
ZHANG Xin-Yan, LIN Han, FEI Hong-Ming
Abstract:
Thermo-optic modulators are key components of optical communication systems, and their performance directly affects system efficiency. With the development of silicon optothermonic technology, silicon thermo-optic modulators have been widely used in optothermonic chips. Conventional silicon optical modulators are large in size and have high losses. In recent years, researchers have proposed to use the slow light effect of photonic crystals to reduce the footprint of modulators. Related studies have shown that these devices have advantages, such as small size and low driving voltage. However, the optical transmittance of thermo-optic modulators based on photonic crystals is still affected by defects caused by fabrication errors. Valley photonic crystal optical waveguides can achieve scattering-immune high-efficiency unidirectional transmission, providing a new venue for realizing high-performance photonic devices. In this paper, a new silicon thermo-optic modulator based on a valley photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is designed. The electrical heating mechanism is introduced on one of the waveguides of the MZI. The thermo-optic effect modulates the refractive index to achieve precise phase modulation of the transmitted light. The thermo-optic modulator device has a small footprint of only 9.26 μm × 7.99 μm, which can achieve a high forward transmittance of 0.91, an insertion loss of 0.41 dB, and a modulation contrast of 11.75 dB. It can also be experimentally fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, so it will have broad application prospects. This modulation principle can be widely used in designing different thermo-optic modulation devices.
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Study of Dual-Frequency-Band Millimeter-Wave Extended Interaction Klystron Based on Dual-2π Mode
XU Che, LU Jia-Ni, TANG Yong-Liang, TANG Xian-Feng
Abstract:
This paper proposes a novel dual-frequency-band millimeter-wave extended interaction klystron amplifier (EIKA). It is primarily based on the multimode operating mechanism of dual-2π mode. This design integrates a broadband traveling-standing-wave mode input cavity with a dual-2π standing-wave mode output cavity, resulting in a compact slow-wave structure design that efficiently operates within a total circuit length of approximately 24 mm. Particle-in-cell simulation results reveal that under a 15.6 kV, 1 A electron beam and a uniform 0.6 T magnetic field, the device achieves output power for 183-1024 W across a broadly 1.20 GHz bandwidth, spanning 93.76-94.96 GHz. Remarkably, it facilitates dual-band output in both lower-2π and upper-2π bands, delivering maximum gains of 37.09 dB (1024.10 W at 93.90 GHz) and 35.75 dB (752.20 W at 94.84 GHz), with -3 dB bandwidths of 0.33 GHz and 0.20 GHz, respectively. The effectiveness for the dual-2π mode design is further confirmed through a cold-test experiment using the perturbation method. This experiment demonstrated typical dual-2π mode field distribution profiles, affirming the design's efficacy.
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Broadband high-extinction-ratio nonvolatile optical switch based on phase change material
LIANG Kai, YUE Wen-Cheng, XU Fan, ZHU Qian-Nan, ZHANG Jian-Min, WANG Shu-Xiao, CAI Yan
Abstract:
In this paper, we present a broadband, high-extinction-ratio, nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical switch based on the phase change material Sb2Se3. The insertion loss (IL) is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio (ER) reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm. Within the 3 dB bandwidth, the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states, respectively. The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb2Se3 is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ, respectively. The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.
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Research progress of active metasurface for intelligent radar stealth
WANG Dong-Shu, LIU Tong-Hao, WANG Liu-Ying, LIU Gu, CHENG Hai-Qing, CHENG Meng-Zhong, GE Chao-Qun, WANG Long, WANG Bing, XU Ke-Jun
Abstract:
The new active metasurface has the advantages of small size, light weight and easy integration, so it has an important application prospect in weapon radar intelligent stealth. Based on this, focusing on the requirements of radar intelligent stealth for current weapons and equipment, this paper expounds the methods, approaches and performance advantages of active metasurface in electromagnetic wave regulation, reviews the development history of various active metasurface, and summarizes the research status and future development direction of active metasurface for radar intelligent stealth. It provides the relevant theoretical basis and design reference for the wide application of active metasurface in intelligent stealth of weapon equipment radar.
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Effect of Extrinsic resistances on Noise performance for Deep Submicron MOSFET
GAO HANQI, Jin Jing, Zhou JianJun
Abstract:
This paper investigates the impact of extrinsic resistances on the noise performance of deep submicron MOSFETs using the noise correlation matrix method. Analytical closed-form expressions for calculating the four noise parameters are derived based on the small-signal and noise-equivalent circuit models. The results show strong agreement between simulated and experimental data for MOSFETs with a gate length of 40 nm and dimensions of 4×5 μm (number of gate fingers × unit gate width).
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Anisotropic Tetratellurium-Iridium-Nibium Terahertz Detector
Liu Yuan, Yang Si-Jia, XU Yong-Jiang, SHEN Yun, DENG Xiao-Hua
Abstract:
Topological semimetal materials have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive electronic structures and unique properties. They serve as a foundation for exploring various physical phenomena, including the anomalous Hall effect, topological phase transitions, and negative magnetoresistance, while also offering potential solutions to the "THz Gap." This study focuses on the type-II Weyl semimetal tetratellurium iridium niobium (NbIrTe4) terahertz detector, which exhibits a responsivity of 4.36 A/W, a noise equivalent power of 12.34 pW/Hz1/2, and an anisotropic resistance ratio of 32 at room temperature. This research paves the way for achieving high-performance terahertz detection at room temperature and serves as a reference for investigating the Weyl semimetal.
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Strongly Coupled Electro-optical Tunable 780 nm Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Laser Source
Xue Kai, RONG Jia-Min, XING Guo-Hui, XUE Jun-Jie, LIU Wen-Yao, ZHOU Yan-Ru, XING En-Bo, TANG Jun, LIU Jun
Abstract:
Highly matched and precisely locked to the absorption lines of rubidium (Rb) atoms, 780 nm lasers play a crucial role in fields such as quantum computing, precision measurements, and high-sensitivity sensing, with clear requirements for strong coherence and fast tunability. In this paper, based on the self-injection locking and ultra-high quality factor Whispering gallery mode (WGM) cavity, a 780 nm narrow linewidth (23.8kHz) tunable laser with a single longitudinal mode output is verified. More importantly, benefiting from the optimized combined coupling coefficient K and via the lithium niobate electro-optic effect, the laser frequency detuning is effectively improved, with the experimental tuning range reaching 110 pm and the tuning efficiency of 6.4 pm/V. This work provides a high-performance design solution for fast-tunable narrow-linewidth lasers for applications in the near-infrared range, which is expected to play an essential role in the future.
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The Investigation of Concentrated Triple-Junction Solar Cells Based on InGaAsP
ZHANG Jicheng, GUAN Weiwei, SUN Qiangjian
Abstract:
The InGaAsP material with an energy bandgap of 1.05 eV was grown on InP substrates by all-solid-state Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique. The material had no mismatch dislocations between the substrate and the epitaxial layer, and also exhibited high interface quality and luminescent quality. Based on InGaAsP material, single-junction InGaAsP solar cells were grown on InP substrates, and GaInP/GaAs dual-junction solar cells were grown on GaAs substrates. These two separate cells were then bonded together using wafer bonding technology to fabricate a GaInP/GaAs/InGaAsP triple-junction solar cell. Under the AM1.5G solar simulator, the conversion efficiency of the GaInP/GaAs/InGaAsP wafer-bonded solar cell is 30.6%, achieving an efficiency of 34% under concentration. The results indicate that MBE can produce high-quality InGaAsP material, and room-temperature wafer bonding technology holds great potential for the fabrication of multi-junction solar cells.
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Research on the Metrological Calibration Technology Scheme of Brightness Temperature for the Space-borne Microwave Radiometer Calibration Target
GAO Qing-Song, LI De-Tian, TAO Yuan, YANG Lei, ZHANG Hu-Zhong, MA Dong-Tao, PENG Miao-Miao, JIN Ming, GUO Qiang, JIANG Shi-Chen, LI Yi-Nan, CHENG Chun-Yue, LI Xue
Abstract:
This paper addresses the application requirements for the brightness temperature calibration of the hot calibration target for spaceborne microwave radiometers. Based on the temperature gradient characteristics of the absorbing coating of the calibration target and the mechanism of brightness temperature deviation, combined with practical temperature measurement methods and experimental means, a brightness temperature metrological calibration technology solution applicable for in-orbit use is studied. Given the current background of high emissivity design and determination technology of the calibration target being basically perfected, the paper focuses on summarizing the methods for determining the temperature gradient characteristics of the calibration target coating. The goal is to construct an in-orbit available brightness temperature calibration method that uses multiple parameters, such as the temperature measurements of the metal inner cone of the calibration target and the temperature measurements near the radiation aperture of the calibration target. Based on feasible electromagnetic simulation technology, thermal simulation technology, platinum resistance and infrared temperature measurement techniques, the paper preliminarily summarizes the implementation path of the brightness temperature calibration technology system for spaceborne calibration targets. This involves first constructing a basic brightness temperature calibration model considering uniform background brightness temperature and improving the mapping relationship from the inner cone temperature of the calibration target and the equivalent background brightness temperature to the longitudinal temperature gradient of the coating. Subsequently, an application model for brightness temperature calibration considering the installation environment is constructed, improving the mapping relationship from the temperature measurements of the inner cone and the radiation aperture area of the calibration target to the brightness temperature deviation of the calibration target. Finally, the validation and application of the brightness temperature calibration model are discussed.This work serves as an important technical basis and reference for further improving the accuracy of the calibration target's brightness temperature and even developing space microwave radiometric measurement benchmarks.
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Review on infrared polarization image fusion methods
zhengjinjiang, LI Xiao-Xia, ZHAO Da-Peng, CHEN Yi, WU Meng-Xing
Abstract:
Infrared polarization image fusion can fully utilize the polarization information of the scene, compensate for the disadvantage of infrared intensity images in describing high-frequency information such as scene contour edges and texture details, and has unique advantages in target detection and recognition, background noise suppression, and counter camouflage. The article summarized the research progress of infrared polarization image fusion technology from two aspects: single algorithm image fusion and multi-algorithm combination image fusion. It analyzed the design ideas of typical algorithms and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm. Based on the current trend where single algorithm serves as the mainstream and multi-algorithm combination as the development trend for infrared polarization image fusion, this paper anticipates its potential future development direction.
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Lightweight Remote Sensing Multimodal Large Language Model Based on Knowledge Distillation
ZHANG Xin-Yue, FENG Shi-Yang, WANG Bin
Abstract:
Remote sensing multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate rich visual-linguistic modal information, have shown great potential in areas such as remote sensing image analysis and interpretation. However, existing knowledge distillation methods primarily focus on the compression of unimodal large language models, neglecting the alignment of features across modalities, thus hindering the performance of large language models in cross-modal tasks. To address this issue, a lightweighting method for remote sensing MLLMs based on knowledge distillation is proposed. This method achieves effective alignment of multimodal information by aligning the outputs across modalities at the feature level. By introducing the reverse Kullback-Leibler divergence as the loss function and combining optimization strategies such as teacher mixed sampling and single-step decomposition, the generalization and stability of the student model are further enhanced. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy and efficiency in four downstream tasks of remote sensing image scene classification, visual question answering, visual localization, and image description, significantly reducing the number of model parameters and the demand for computational resources, thereby providing a new solution for the efficient application of MLLMs in the field of remote sensing.
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2002,21(3):161-166
Abstract:
A segmentation model that combines the Mumford Shah(M S) model and narrow band scheme of level set was presented. The disadvantage of Mumford Shah model is computationally time consuming. In each step of its iteration, the data of whole image have to be renewed, which is unbearable for segmentation of large image or 3D image. Therefore, a fast segmentation model was introduce, which combines the M S model and narrow band scheme by a new initialization method. The new initialization method is based on fast marching method, and the computing time decreases to O(N) . In each step of iteration, the new segmentation model only deals with the data in a narrow band instead of the whole image. The experiments show that the two models can obtain almost the same segmentation result, but the computing time of new narrow band M S model is much less than that of M S model.
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GUO Li Xin 1) KIM Che Young 2)
2003,22(2):132-136
Abstract:
根据粗糙面基尔霍夫小斜率近似研究了脉冲波入射时实际海谱分布的一维分形海面的电磁散射。分析了毫米波入射时不同分维、入射角和入射中心频率下双频散射截面的散射角分布。结果表明分形海面的双频散射截面在镜反射方向有最大的相关带宽，随着海面分维的减小、入射中心频率和入射角的增加，该相关带宽是增大的。对于入射功率为δ函数时的散射波功率是一个具有一定脉冲展宽的散射脉冲，且脉冲展宽与相关带宽成反比关系。
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2001,20(3):184-188
Abstract:
测量了几种不同处理的Cd1-xZnxTe(x=0.04)表面的傅里叶变换拉曼散射光谱和电流－电压（I－V）特性。通过分析拉曼光谱反Stokes分量，并与表面I－V特性进行比较，结果表明与表面处理相联系的晶格声子的行为反映了表面完整性的变化，Te沉淀是影响表面质量的关键因素，并对有关表面处理方法的实际应用进行了讨论。
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FuY ChiragwandiZ GoethbergP WillanderM
2003,22(6):401-405
Abstract:
We have studied the optical spectra of low-dimensional semiconductor systems by calculating all possible optical transitions between electronic states. Optical absorption and emission have been obtained under different carrier population conditions and in different photon wavelengths. The line-shapes of the peaks in the optical spectrum are determined by the density of electronic states of the system, and the symmetries and intensities of these peaks can be improved by reducing the dimensionality of the system. Optical gain requires in general a population inversion, whereas for a quantum-dot system, there exists a threshold value of the population inversion.
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HU Zhi Gao WANG Gen Shui HUANG Zhi Ming CHU Jun Hao
2002,21(3):175-179
Abstract:
采用溶胶－凝胶法在石英玻璃衬底上制备出均匀透明的无定形PbTiO3薄膜，并对其 光学性质进行了详细的研究，发现其折射率的波形符合经典的Cauchy函数。由半导体理论计算得到无定形的PbTiO3薄膜的光学禁带宽度为3．84eV.FTIR透射光 谱研究表明无定形PbTiO3薄膜在中红外波段没有吸收峰出现，对于在550℃下 快速热退火得到的PbTiO3薄膜，通过远红外反射光谱测量，观察到了6个约外活性声子膜。
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WU Yan 1), 2) ZHANG Li Ming 2)
2002,21(3):189-194
Abstract:
Based on bias variance model, a novel method of dynamically tuning the regularization coefficient by fuzzy rules inference was proposed. The fuzzy inference rules and membership functions were effectively determined. Furthermore, the method was compared with the traditional BP algorithm and fixed regularization coefficien's method. The result is that the proposed method has the merits of the highest precision, rapid convergence and best generalization capacity. The capacity proposed method is shown to be a very effective method by several examples simulation.
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XU Yun, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Jing-Zhu, ZHANG Xiao-Chao
2010,29(1):53-56
Abstract:
NIRS was used in rapid qualitative and quantitative detection for melamine of pure milk in this paper. Experiment was conducted by preparing two groups pure milk samples which melamine content is different for qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. By combining NIRS technology with the cluster analysis method, A effective classification can be made on the two kinds of milk samples with and without melamine; To achieve this, spectrum pretreatment and wave length choice methods were employed before model optimization. The results showed that NIR models of predicting melamine content in pure milk has good stability and predictive ability.This paper suggested that NIR could be used as a quick, green and convenient method for predicting melamine content of dairy.
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CHENG Jian, ZHOU Yue, CAI Nian, YANG Jie
2006,25(2):113-117
Abstract:
The particle filter is an effective technique for the state estimation in non-linear and non-Gaussian dynamic systems. A novel method for infrared object robust tracking based on particle filters was proposed. Under the theory framework of particle filters, the posterior distribution of the infrared object is approximated by a set of weighted samples, while infrared object tracking is implemented by the Bayesian propagation of the sample set. The state transition model is chosen as the simple second-order auto-regressive model, and the system noise variance is adaptively determined in infrared object tracking. Infrared objects are represented by the intensity distribution, which is defined by the kernel-based density estimation. By calculating the Bhattacharyya distance between the object reference distribution and the object sample distribution, the observation probability model is constructed. Experimental results show that our method is effective and steady.
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ZHANG Qian, TANG Li-Bin, LI Ru-Jie, XIANG Jin-Zhong, HUANG Qiang, LIU Shu-Ping
2019,38(1):79-90 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2019.01.014
Abstract:
With the rapid development of graphene industry, graphene oxide has attracted much attention as an important intermediate product for the preparation of graphene. Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, it has been widely used in multitudinous fields. Various structural models, preparation methods, properties and related applications, as well as the reduction of graphene oxide are summarized. The choice of oxidants and reduction agents were found to be important in the reaction. The basic selective principles are discussed after comparing various methods. Finally, it is pointed out that there are still some problems to be solved in the preparation and reduction of graphene oxide. The prospect of graphene oxide on its development and influence will also be evaluated.
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HE Yang, YANG Jin, MA Yong, LIU Jian-Bo, CHEN Fu, LI Xin-Peng, YANG Yi-Fei
2016,35(5):600-609 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2016.05.015
Abstract:
Traditional fire detection methods use the high temperature emission characteristics in mid or thermal infrared bands of the MODIS or AVHRR data to extract burning area. It is very hard for these methods to identify small fire regions such as sub-pixel due to the limitation of spatial resolution. Recently researchers have found that shortwave infrared (SWIR) data can also be used to identify and detect high temperature targets. Compared with the thermal infrared data, SWIR has a big discrimination against different features with different temperature. Thus it can identify accurately the location of high temperature targets. In this paper, we acquired fire point products by using Landsat-8 OLI data which has spatial resolution up to 30 m. The main procedure includes two steps. The improved Normalized Burning Ratio Short-wave(NBRS) is calculated at first to adaptively acquire suspected fire points based on the spectral characteristics of fire points in the near infrared and shortwave infrared. Then most false positive points are excluded based on the relationship between peak value in shortwave infrared band of fire points. This algorithm is capable of detecting the burning area around 10% in one pixel. With the premise of avoiding the interference of cloud and constructions, it can also keep a nearly 90% accuracy and low missing rate around 10%.
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2008,27(2):123-128
Abstract:
多数传统分类算法应用于高光谱分类都存在运算速度慢、精度比较低和难以收敛等问题.本文从支持向量机基本理论出发建立了一个基于支持向量机的高光谱分类器,并用国产OMIS传感器获得的北京中关村地区高光谱遥感数据进行试验,分析比较了各种SVM核函数进行高光谱分类的精度,以及网格搜寻的方法来确定C和愕闹?结果表明SVM进行高光谱分类时候径向基核函数的分类精度最高,是分类的首选.并且与神经网络径向基分类算法以及常用的最小距离分类算法进行比较,分类的精度远远高于SVM分类算法进行分类的结果.SVM方法在高光谱遥感分类领域能得到广泛的应用.
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2001,20(3):207-210
Abstract:
A novel pixel level image fusion scheme was presented based on multiscale decompositon. First, the wavelet transform is used to perform a multiscale decomposition of each image. Then, the wavelet coefficients of fused image are constructed using multiple operators according to different fusion rules. This approach is successfully used to fuse the infrared and visible light images. The experimental results show that the fusion scheme is effective and the fused images are more suitable for human visual or machine perception.
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2010,29(1):69-74
Abstract:
Image segmentation is one of the difficult problems in computer vision research. Recently spectral clustering has a wide application in pattern recognition and image segmentation. Compared with traditional clustering methods, it can cluster samples in any form feature space and has a global optimal solution. Originating from the equivalence between the spectral clustering and weighted kernel K-means, the authors proposed a spectral clustering algorithm with spatial constraints based on the spatially coherent property of images, also named continuous property. The spatially coherent property means that pixels in the neighbor region should share the same label assignment with the centre one with a high probability. The algorithm adds a term of spatial constraints to the objective function of weighted kernel K-means and makes the minimization of the objective function be equivalent to the spectral clustering through approximation. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional spectral clustering in image segmentation.
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2010,29(1):63-68
Abstract:
A novel infrared target extraction algorithm based on particle swarm optimization particle filter(PSOPF) was proposed. The problem of infrared target extraction was analyzed and solved in the view of state estimation. In the framework of particle filter, the threshold state space on the gray-variance weighted information entropy and the grey value of each pixel was based on extraction results evaluation function, which integrated grey, entropy, gradient and spatial distribution of pixels. Finally, the weighted average of all the particles was used as target extraction threshold. The experiment results prove that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust.
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JIANG Wei Dong CHEN Zen Ping ZHUANG Zhao Wen GUO Gui Rong
2001,20(2):111-116
Abstract:
The simulation methods of radar clutter with given amplitude distribution and power spectrum were described, and the simulation results of radar clutter were given. A scattering center model of frequency domain of radar target was presented under the clutter environment and its solution method was studied. Finally, the experimental results of simulation data and the measurement data of aircraft scale model were given.
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YE Zhen-Hua, LI Hui-Hao, WANG Jin-Dong, CHEN Xing, SUN Chang-Hong, LIAO Qing-Jun, HUANG Ai-Bo, LI Hui, ZHOU Song-Min, LIN Jia-Mu, PAN Jian-Zhen, WANG Chen-Fei, CHEN Hong-Lei, CHEN Lu, WEI Yan-Feng, LIN Chun, HU Xiao-Ning, DING Rui-Jun, CHEN Jian-Xin, HE Li
2022,41(1):15-39 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.01.001
Abstract:
Infrared photon detection technology usually works in the passive sensing mode and contains the advantages of long acting-distance， good anti-interference， excellent penetration of smoke and haze， and all-day operation， which has been widely used in space remote sensing， military equipment， astronomical detection and other aspects. So far， the second-generation and the third-generation infrared photon detectors have been deployed widely. The high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors have been gradually promoted to practical application. The fourth generation and more forward-looking research including new concept， new technology， and new device has been proposed. This paper focuses on the research status of infrared technology at home and abroad， emphatically introducing the hotspots and development trends of infrared photon detectors. Firstly， the concept of SWaP3 is introduced due to tactical ubiquity and strategic high performance. Secondly， the high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors with ultra-high spatial resolution， ultra-high energy resolution， ultra-high time resolution and ultra-high spectral resolution are reviewed. Technical characteristics and implementation methods of ultimate-performance infrared detectors are analyzed. Then， the fourth-generation infrared photon detector based on the artificial micro-structure is discussed. The realization approaches and technical challenges of multi-dimensional information fusion such as polarization， spectrum and phase are mainly introduced. Lastly， highly innovative trends of future detectors are discussed according to upgradation from on-chip digitization to on-chip intelligence.
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CAI Hu, CHENG Zu-Hai, ZHU Hai-Hong, ZUO Du-Luo
2006,25(3):165-169
Abstract:
利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对TEA-CO2强激光脉冲辐照的Hg0.8Cd0.2Te晶片表面进行了观察,并利用电镜自带的能谱分析仪对其表面进行了成分分析.在单脉冲能量为1.91J,峰值功率密度为2.63×107W/cm2的脉冲CO2激光辐照下,晶片表面呈现出熔融迹象,且晶片表面的化学组分比发生明显的变化.理论与实验研究结果表明激光急速加热使晶体表面的Hg-Te键破坏,从而导致Hg损失,而Hg损失程度与热作用过程的时间有关.随着脉冲作用次数的增加,多脉冲的连续作用使Hg损失加剧,晶片表面成分变化更加突出.
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SUN Jun-Ding, DING Zhen-Guo, ZHOU Li-Hua
2005,24(2):135-139
Abstract:
A new image retrieval algorithm based on image entropy and spatial distribution entropy was presented. At first a more robust method, which can remove the influence of the symmetry of entropy, was proposed to extract the global color feature. Then color spatial distribution entropy vector for each color channel was also introduced to represent the spatial color information. After that, the moments were adopted to reduce the dimension of color spatial distribution entropy. In the end, a low dimensional vector which includes the global and spatial information was used as index for color image retrieval. The experiment results show that the new method gives better performance than color histogram.
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EFFECTS OF APODIZATION FUNCTIONS OF IMAGING FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER ON RECONSTRUCTED SPECTRUM
ZHANG Wen-Juan, ZHANG Bing, ZHANG Xi, GAO Lian-Ru, ZHANG Wei
2008,27(3):227-233
Abstract:
随着搭载干涉成像光谱仪HJY20-1-A的我国环境与减灾遥感卫星HJ-1A即将发射,我国干涉光谱成像研究也从实验室开始走向实用化.在干涉光谱成像过程中,切趾函数处理是干涉成像光谱仪光谱复原过程中的一个重要环节,对复原光谱的精度有着极其重要的影响.根据HJY20-1-A的参数设置,文中首先模拟了24种典型地物对应于HJY20-1-A和其它最大光程差设置的干涉成像光谱仪数据,在不同切趾函数作用下的复原光谱,结果表明Hanning函数是其中最有效、最为稳定的切趾函数,同时发现切趾函数的应用虽然可以提高复原光谱的精度,但与真实光谱仍存在一定差距,尤其对应HJY20-1-A,复原光谱的精度更加有限.在以上分析基础上,提出了基于仪器线型函数标准化的光谱复原改进算法,实验结果证实了该方法可以显著提高复原光谱精度,尤其适用于最大光程差较小的空间调制型干涉成像光谱仪.最后,就HJY20-1-A复原光谱对3种典型植被指数求解,进一步证明了该方法的有效性.
