Volume 44,2025 Issue 3

Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices

• Research on the punch-through phenomenon of separate absorption， charge and multiplication avalanche photodetectors

  LI Chong, MA Zi-Yi, YANG Shuai, LIU Yue-Wen, WANG Jia-Xuan, LIU Yun-Fei, DONG Yu-Sen, LI Zi-Qian, LIU Dian-Bo

  2025,44(3):327-334 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.001

  Abstract: (2) HTML (1) PDF (3.06 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  This paper investigates the punch-through characteristics of separate absorption， charge and multiplication avalanche photodetector （SACM APD）. By analyzing the device''s spectral response， capacitance characteristics， and I-V characteristics at various operating temperatures， and combining these with simulated internal electric field and energy band distributions from the SILVACO platform， we analyzed examined the performance of the SACM APD before and after punch-through and established a corresponding mathematical model. Through structural and process parameter optimization for silicon-based SACM APD devices， simulations revealed that when the ion implantation energy of the field-control layer was 580 keV， the optimized device exhibited a punch-through threshold voltage of -30 V and a capacitance reduction to one-third of the pre-punch-through value. Subsequently， a silicon SACM APD device was fabricated using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） process. Measurements confirmed a punch-through threshold voltage of -30 V， a 2.18-fold increase in photocurrent at 808 nm （punch-through）， a redshift of the peak responsivity wavelength from 590 nm （pre-punch-through） to 820 nm （post-punch-through）， and an elevation of the peak responsivity from 0.171 A/W@590 nm to 0.377 A/W@820 nm. The capacitance was also reduced to one-third of the pre-punch-through value at 1 MHz.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Infrared UAV detection based on multi-channel interactive attention mechanism and edge contour enhancement

  NIE Su-Zhen, CAO Jie, HAO Qun, ZHUANG Xu-Ye

  2025,44(3):335-344 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.002

  Abstract: (1) HTML (0) PDF (2.30 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  Unmanned Aerial Vehicles（UAVs） have a wide range of applications in agriculture， logistics， rescue and disaster relief because of their compactness， lightness and flexibility. However， if they are used improperly or mismanaged， they may not only cause personal privacy leakage and property loss， but also pose a threat to public safety and even military security. Therefore， real-time and accurate detection and warning of UAVs in the airspace play an important role. In this regard， a multi-channel interactive attention mechanism and edge contour enhancement （MCIAECE） method for infrared UAV detection is proposed. Firstly， the shallow and deep features of the infrared image are extracted by a dual-channel consisting of a multi-channel interactive attention mechanism module and an edge contour enhancement module， after which the attention mechanism enhances the target features while the edge contour enhancement obtains more detailed information. Then the extracted features of each layer are fused and enhanced using the multilevel feature fusion module to obtain the detection results. The experimental results show that better results can be achieved with the MCIAECE method on all three datasets. Among them， the best results are obtained on the NUDT-SIRST infrared dataset， with the detection probability and intersection over union of 98.83% and 85.11% respectively， which increased by 1.95% and 6.88% compared to the baseline network，and the effect is significant in the edge contour restoration of the target compared with other methods.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Modeling the electronic band-structure of strained long-wavelength Type-II superlattices using the scattering matrix method

  Abbas Haddadi, Gail Brown, Manijeh Razeghi

  2025,44(3):345-350 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.003

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.57 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  This study introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework for accurately calculating the electronic band-structure of strained long-wavelength InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices. Utilizing an eight-band Hamiltonian in conjunction with a scattering matrix method， the model effectively incorporates quantum confinement， strain effects， and interface states. This robust and numerically stable approach achieves exceptional agreement with experimental data， offering a reliable tool for analyzing and engineering the band structure of complex multilayer systems.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• A near-infrared all-fiber mode monitor based on the mini-two-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer

  ZHU Xiao-Jun, LIU Yu, WU Yue, ZHUANG Hao-Ran, SUN Dan, SHI Yue-Chun, CAO Juan, YANG Yong-Jie

  2025,44(3):351-356 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.004

  Abstract: (1) HTML (0) PDF (2.71 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  A novel near-infrared all-fiber mode monitor based on a mini-two-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MTP-MZI） is proposed. The MTP-MZI mode monitor is created by fusing a section of （no-core fiber ，NCF） and a （single-mode fiber ，SMF） together with an optical fiber fusion splicer， establishing two distinct centimeter-level optical transmission paths. Since the high-order modes in NCF transmit near-infrared light more sensitively to curvature-induced energy leakage than the fundamental mode in SMF， the near-infrared high-order mode light leaks out of NCF when the curvature changes， causing the MTP-MZI transmission spectrum to change. By analyzing the relationship between the curvature， transmission spectrum， and spatial frequency spectrum， the modes involved in the interference can be studied， thereby revealing the mode transmission characteristics of near-infrared light in optical fibers. In the verification experiments， higher-order modes were excited by inserting a novel hollow-core fiber （HCF） into the MTP-MZI. When the curvature of the MTP-MZI changes， the near-infrared light high-order mode introduced into the device leaks out， causing the transmission spectrum to return to its original state before bending and before the HCF was spliced. The experimental results demonstrate that the MTP-MZI mode monitor can monitor the fiber modes introduced from the external environment， providing both theoretical and experimental foundations for near-infrared all-fiber mode monitoring in optical information systems.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Performance analysis of electro-optic sampling detection technique with thin GaSe crystal in mid-infrared band

  DU Hai-Wei, WANG Jing-Yi, SUN Chang-Ming, LI Qiang-Shuang

  2025,44(3):357-363 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.005

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.76 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  Electro-Optic Sampling （EOS） detection technique has been widely used in terahertz science and technology， and it also can measure the field time waveform of the few-cycle laser pulse. Its frequency response and band limitation are determined directly by the electro-optic crystal and duration of the probe laser pulse. Here， we investigate the performance of the EOS with thin GaSe crystal in the measurement of the mid-infrared few-cycle laser pulse. The shift of the central frequency and change of the bandwidth induced by the EOS detection are calculated， and then the pulse distortions induced in this detection process are discussed. It is found that this technique produces a red-shift of the central frequency and narrowing of the bandwidth. These changings decrease when the laser wavelength increases from 2 μm to 10 μm. This work can help to estimate the performance of the EOS detection technique in the mid-infrared band and offer a reference for the related experiment as well.

• Photoelectric conversion of critically coupled quantum well devices in the strong coupling regime

  SONG Jian-Tao, MA Shu-Huan, WANG Chen-Xiao, YANG Fan, CHEN Zhi-Jian, YAO Bi-Mu

  2025,44(3):364-369 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.006

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.60 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  To enhance the net photoelectric conversion efficiency of quantum well infrared photodetectors， this study investigates the matching conditions between radiative dissipation and coupling strength in devices operating in the strong light-matter coupling regime. A critical coupling model distinct from the conventional intrinsic and radiative dissipation matching is proposed. Through an analytical model， the contributions of intrinsic thermal dissipation and coupling strength to the critical conditions are quantified. The results indicate that， with optimized matching parameters， the net photoelectric absorption efficiency， excluding thermal dissipation， can exceed 95%. Moreover， under the synergistic regulation of the strong coupling mechanism and critical coupling conditions， the photodetection response can be enhanced by up to 160%. This work highlights the importance of optimizing dissipation and coupling parameters under strong coupling conditions， providing theoretical and design guidance for improving photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhancing the performance of quantum well infrared photodetectors.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Advances in integrated polarization detectors with innovative features

  BU Yong-Hao, ZHOU Jing, DENG Jie, WANG Ruo-Wen, YE Tao, SHI Meng-Die, HUANG Jun-Wei, ZHANG Yu-Jie, NING Jun, LU Wei, CHEN Xiao-Shuang

  2025,44(3):370-382 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.007

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.39 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging， communications， materials analysis， and life sciences. Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target. However， conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex， limiting their potential for broader applications. To address the challenges of miniaturization， integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years， achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality. In this review， we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features， including infinitely high polarization discrimination， ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change， full Stokes parameters measurement， and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light. Lastly， we discuss the opportunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology

• Research on low-power consumption， high heat dissipation efficiency terahertz quantum cascade laser

  TAN Cheng, YAN Chuan-Feng, ZANG Shan-Zhi, WANG Kai, GAN Liang-Hua, CAO Chen-Tao, CHEN Bing-Qi, CHEN Hong-Tai, ZHANG Yue-Heng, FANG Yu-Long, XU Gang-Yi

  2025,44(3):383-392 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.008

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.29 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  A single-mode terahertz quantum cascade laser （THz-QCL） with a two-dimensional patch antenna array as a resonant cavity is proposed and realized. The active region of each patch antenna is sandwiched between two metal layers， exhibiting full-scale subwavelength characteristics and exciting a vertical electric quadrupole mode with low radiation loss. The inter-antenna coupling within the array effectively suppresses electromagnetic leakage in the plane， allowing for a high-quality factor and low threshold current density even with only a few antennas in the array. As a result， the laser''s power consumption is reduced to 950 mW. Moreover， the discrete antenna array design provides a larger heat dissipation area compared to the heat-generating area， and with the lateral heat dissipation channels offered by the unpumped regions， the thermal resistance per unit area is as low as 5.6 mK/W/cm². By significantly reducing power consumption and enhancing heat dissipation efficiency， the laser achieves a lasing frequency of 3.18 THz， a side-mode suppression ratio （SMSR） of 19.5 dB， and a beam divergence angle of 35°×35°. It operates continuously at 3.14 mW at 20 K， with a maximum continuous operation temperature of 90 K， notably higher than that of Fabry-Pérot cavity lasers made from the same material. This work provides a novel approach to improve the continuous operating temperature of THz-QCLs.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56
  • 57
  • 58
  • 59
  • 60
  • 61

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Infrared Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Technology

• Study on correlation of thermal model to in-orbit data for infrared optical payloads on FY-3E/HIRAS-II

  LI Yu-Han, YANG Bao-Yu, ZHANG Qiang, GUO Zhi-Peng, WU Yi-Nong, TANG Xiao, LI Shang-Ju

  2025,44(3):393-404 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.009

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (4.41 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The Infrared Hyperspectral Atmospheric Sounder II （HIRAS-II） is the key equipment on FengYun-3E （FY-3E） satellite， which can realize vertical atmospheric detection， featuring hyper spectral， high sensitivity and high precision. To ensure its accuracy of detection， it is necessary to correlate their thermal models to in-orbit data. In this work， an investigation of intelligent correlation method named Intelligent Correlation Platform for Thermal Model （ICP-TM） was established， the advanced Kriging surrogate model and efficient adaptive region optimization algorithm were introduced. After the correlation with this method for FY-3E/HIRAS-II， the results indicate that compared with the data in orbit， the error of the thermal model has decreased from 5 K to within ±1 K in cold case （10 ℃）. Then， the correlated model is validated in hot case （20 ℃）， and the correlated model exhibits good universality. This correlation precision is also much superiors to the general ones like 3 K in other similar literature. Furthermore， the process is finished in 8 days using ICP-TM， the efficiency is much better than 3 months based on manual. The results show that the proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of thermal model， this contributes to the precise thermal control of subsequent infrared optical payloads.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Infrared Optoelectronic System and Application Technology

• Design and fabrication of LWDM AWG for data centers with rates above 1.6 Tbps

  HUANG Song, CUI Peng-Wei, WANG Yue, WANG Liang-Liang, ZHANG Jia-Shun, MA Jun-Chi, ZHANG Chun-Xue, GUO Li-Yong, YANG Han-Ming, WU Yuan-Da, AN Jun-Ming, SONG Ze-Guo

  2025,44(3):405-411 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.010

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.40 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit （PLC） technology. By extending the wavelength allocation from 8 channels to 16 channels as specified in IEEE 802.3bs， we increased the number of channels and boosted transmission capacity to meet the 1.6 Tbps and higher-speed signal transmission requirements for future data centers. Through optimizing the AWG structure， it has achieved insertion loss （IL） better than -1.61 dB， loss uniformity below 0.35 dB， polarization-dependent loss （PDL） below 0.35 dB， adjacent channel crosstalk under -20.05 dB， ripple less than 0.75 dB， center wavelength offset under 0.22 nm and 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 2.88 nm. The AWG has been successfully measured to transmit 53 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation （PAM4） signal per channel and the total transmission speed can reach over 1.6 Tbps.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56
  • 57
  • 58
  • 59
  • 60
  • 61
  • 62
  • 63
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
  • 67
  • 68
  • 69
  • 70
  • 71
  • 72
  • 73
  • 74
  • 75
  • 76
  • 77
  • 78
  • 79
  • 80
  • 81
  • 82
  • 83
  • 84
  • 85
  • 86
  • 87
  • 88
  • 89
  • 90
  • 91
  • 92
  • 93
  • 94
  • 95
  • 96
  • 97
  • 98

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Waveform frequency domain matching-based positioning method for satellite-borne LIDAR footprints

  ZHOU Si-Han, ZHAO Pu-Fan, HAN Qi-Jin, LUAN Chao, YANG Jian, WANG Heng, MA Yue, ZHOU Hui, LI Song

  2025,44(3):412-423 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.011

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (4.68 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The linear mode laser altimeter onboard China''s satellite is primarily used to provide elevation control points for imagery. During satellite operations， environmental variations can induce laser pointing offsets， which in turn increase the positioning errors of the footprints， thereby directly reducing the elevation accuracy of the control points. This issue is particularly pronounced in complex mountainous terrains. To enhance the reliability of laser altimeter observations from satellites in such regions， this paper proposed a new laser footprint positioning method based on waveform frequency domain matching. This method utilizes high-precision terrain data for waveform simulation and determines the position of the laser footprint by calculating the correlation between the simulated waveform and the waveform received by China''s Gaofen series satellite in the frequency domain. Additionally， systematic deviations in laser pointing are derived from the joint computational results of multi-footprint frequency domain matching. Experiments were conducted using in three regions： central Montana， western Wyoming， and eastern Utah in the United States. The results indicate that the standard deviations of footprint planar offset distances， planar true north pinch angles， and equivalent laser pointing deviation angles obtained with this method are all superior to those achieved with the time-domain waveform matching method. The findings underscore the advantages of frequency-domain waveform matching in achieving high-precision footprint localization， thereby providing a robust foundation for enhancing the utility of satellite laser altimeter observations in challenging environments and facilitating the correction of laser altimeter pointing errors.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Analysis of the effect of vibration on the homogeneity of the kinematic mechanism of an angular mirror translational interferometer

  XU Xue-Rong, PENG Yi-Tian, GU Ming-Jian, JIANG Teng-teng

  2025,44(3):424-429 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.012

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.53 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The effect of external vibration on the velocity uniformity of the moving mechanism of the angular mirror translational Fourier transform interferometer （hereinafter referred to as interferometer） can be quantitatively analysed by the interferometer optical range difference velocity stability. The article proposes a more comprehensive method of analysing the optical range difference velocity uniformity for the reliability of the interferometer kinematic mechanism under the influence of on-orbit microvibration in the process of space spectroscopy detection. The method incorporates the structural response of the interferometer caused by external excitation into the stability analysis as one of the influencing factors， so as to reflect the reliability of the interferometer in orbit more realistically， and judge the microvibration criticality that the interferometer can withstand more accurately. At the same time， an optical surface model of the interferometer is established to further theoretically characterise the effect of microvibration on the homogeneity of the interferometric mechanism. The method discussed in the article provides a way of thinking for the judgement of the reliability of the mechanism movement under the external excitation perturbation as well as the research on the optimisation of the mechanism control.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science

• Sparsity and self-similarity priors guided deep learning for blind image super-resolution

  GE Sun-Yi, LUO Xiao-Wei, FENG Shi-Yang, WANG Bin

  2025,44(3):430-443 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.013

  Abstract: (1) HTML (0) PDF (2.30 MKB)(1)

  Abstract:

  The existing deep learning-based image blind super-resolution algorithms only utilize neural networks to learn the end-to-end mapping from low-resolution （LR） images to high-resolution （HR） images， only allowing the network to implicitly learn image priors， resulting in algorithms that still produce blurry super-resolution results. To address the above issues， a deep learning image blind super-resolution algorithm guided by sparsity and self-similarity priors is proposed. Initially， for various LR image inputs， a dynamic linear kernel estimation module is employed to effectively estimate the corresponding blur kernels； Subsequently， a deep unfolding deconvolution filtering module based on the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm （FISTA） is utilized to explicitly model the sparsity prior of signal， achieving deconvolution restoration of the degraded images； Finally， a dual-path multi-scale large receptive field restoration module leverages the self-similarity prior of images for super-resolution recovery. The experimental results indicate that， compared to existing methods， the proposed algorithm achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） of 31.66 and a structural similarity index （SSIM） of 0.8725 on the publicly available Gaussian8 dataset， and attains a PSNR of 29.08 and an SSIM of 0.8007 on the DIV2KRK dataset. The images restored by the proposed algorithm not only exhibit the highest restoration metrics but also superior visual quality.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Multi-physics coupling-based multi-parameter joint optimization technique for aerial target infrared detection

  DING Xiang, QIAO Kai

  2025,44(3):444-450 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.014

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.23 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  One of the key areas of advancement in space-based infrared sensing is the high-sensitivity detection of small and weak targets. A major innovation in this regard is the design of the infrared detection system indicator， which is influenced by the characteristics of the target background radiation. The effectiveness of space-based infrared detection is significantly challenged by airborne targets， especially civil aircraft. These targets are active in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. They exhibit weak and variable radiation characteristics due to complex background clutter and atmospheric attenuation. Aiming to address this issue， this paper proposes a multi-parameter joint optimization method for an airborne target infrared detection system based on the coupling of the multiple physical effects. Firstly， the initial optimization of the target detection spectral band in the sky is completed based on the spectral radiation characteristics of the target， the background， and the spectral atmospheric transmittance change characteristics of the target-sky-based detection platform. Subsequently， the detection sensitivity requirements are proposed. Then， a system parameter optimization method is established with the target motion speed limit， earth background limit， and detection sensitivity as the three major boundaries. This method facilitates the creation of an infrared detection index system for air targets.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Structural design of a wide-ridge mid-wave infrared quantum cascade laser based on a supersymmetric waveguide

  DU Shu-Hao, ZHENG Xian-Tong, JIA Han, CUI Jin-Tao, ZHANG Shi-Ya, LIU Yuan, FENG Yu-Lin, ZHANG Chun-Qian, LIU Ming, ZHANG Dong-Liang

  2025,44(3):451-457 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.015

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.56 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  In the process of power scaling large-area Quantum Cascade Lasers （QCLs）， challenges such as degradation of beam quality and emission of multilobed far-field modes are frequently encountered. These issues become particularly pronounced with an increase in ridge width， resulting in multimode problems. To tackle this， an innovative multi ridge waveguide structure based on the principle of supersymmetry （SUSY） was proposed. This structure comprises a wider main waveguide in the center and two narrower auxiliary waveguides on either side. The high-order modes of the main waveguide are coupled with the modes of the auxiliary waveguides through mode-matching design， and the optical loss of the auxiliary waveguides suppresses these modes， thereby achieving fundamental mode lasing of the wider main waveguide. This paper employs the finite difference eigenmode （FDE） method to perform detailed structural modeling and simulation optimization of the 4.6 μm wavelength quantum cascade laser， successfully achieving a single transverse mode QCL with a ridge width of 10 μm. In comparison to the traditional single-mode QCL（with a ridge width of about 5 μm）， the MRW structure has the potential to increase the gain area of the laser by 100%. This offers a novel design concept and methodology for enhancing the single-mode luminous power of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers， which is of considerable significance.

• Analysis of infrared polarization characteristics and modeling of operating distance on aerostat platform in sea fog

  YE Min-Rui, CUI Wen-Nan, HUANG Xia-Yang, ZHANG Tao

  2025,44(3):458-467 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.016

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.38 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The study aims to reveal the detection advantages of infrared polarization imaging systems deployed on aerostat platforms in sea fog conditions. Firstly， based on the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function， this research analyzes the rule of polarization characteristics varying with observation angles， demonstrating the applicability of infrared polarization in oblique imaging from aerostats. Secondly， by using the Monte-Carlo method and minimum resolvable temperature difference （MRTD） model， the study develops a model to determine the maximum operating distance of infrared polarization imaging systems. This model verifies the superiority of infrared polarization imaging over infrared intensity imaging in terms of maintaining features and detection distance under sea fog conditions. The results provide theoretical analysis and simulation evidence supporting the deployment of infrared polarization technology on aerostat platforms.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• An improved template matching algorithm for infrared cross-target center positioning based on self-constructed convolution kernels

  YUAN Di-Jian, XU Xin-Ke, LIU Tong, WANG Jin-Wen, DU Yu

  2025,44(3):468-475 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.03.017

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.12 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  Target center positioning is a critical technology in the calibration process of infrared thermal images. Given the relatively complex morphology of target images， we propose a center positioning algorithm based on improved template matching with self-constructed convolution kernels. First， the algorithm constructs a normalized template with target image features and performs matching operations on subsampled and preprocessed target images to obtain coarse positioning results. Based on the coarse positioning center， the original image undergoes region of interest （ROI） fine matching， and further correction is achieved through a subpixel subdivision algorithm. Ultimately， the precise target center position is determined. This algorithm effectively detects target images with blurring and indistinct edge features， avoiding interference from blurring， occlusion， complex backgrounds， or indistinct features. It demonstrates good robustness， accurately positions the target center， and operates at high speed. Compared to traditional template matching methods like cross-correlation （CCORR）， normalized cross-correlation （NCC）， and Hough transform， it offers significant improvements and meets the positioning requirements in the automatic calibration process of infrared thermal imagers.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56
  • 57
  • 58
  • 59
  • 60
  • 61
  • 62
  • 63
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
  • 67
  • 68
  • 69
  • 70
  • 71
  • 72
  • 73
  • 74
  • 75
  • 76
  • 77
  • 78
  • 79
  • 80
  • 81
  • 82
  • 83
  • 84
  • 85
  • 86
  • 87
  • 88
  • 89
  • 90
  • 91
  • 92
  • 93
  • 94
  • 95
  • 96
  • 97
  • 98
  • 99
  • 100
  • 101
  • 102
  • 103
  • 104

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

光学生物医学融合与成像技术的应用

• Advances in time-stretching based coherent Raman spectroscopy techniques

  LIU Jun, MAN Zhi-Hao, LI Jing-Cheng, YANG Kang-Wen

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (59) HTML (0) PDF (2.86 MKB)(156)

  Abstract:

  Coherent Raman spectroscopy and imaging technology， as a new type of label-free detection technology， has been widely used in biomedicine， material science and other fields by virtue of its high specificity and non-invasive advantages. In recent years， the combination of time stretching and coherent Raman spectroscopy effectively breaks through the limitations of traditional spectrometers in terms of sampling rate and spectral range， and provides a new idea for high-speed and broadband Raman spectroscopy and imaging. This paper firstly describes the basic principle of time stretching and its theory， and summarizes the results of the application of this technology in other fields； then systematically combs through the research progress of coherent Raman spectroscopy based on time stretching； finally， it looks forward to the future development of coherent Raman spectroscopy based on time stretching.

激光雷达创新与应用

• Application research and practice of GF-7 satellite in basin-level digital twin water conservancy

  Chen Jie, Li Guo-Yuan, Cui Xi-Ming, Yan Deng-Hua, Shen Dong-Liang, Zhang Bin, Liu Chang-Ru, Zhou Xiao-Qing, Yuan De-Bao

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (138) HTML (0) PDF (3.02 MKB)(127)

  Abstract:

  The GF-7 satellite is equipped with China "s first operational earth observation laser altimeter and sub-meter optical stereo camera. High-precision laser altimetry data and sub-meter-level optical imagery data enable 1：10，000-scale stereoscopic mapping without ground control points， offering unique application advantages in large-scale spatial infrastructure construction for digital twin water resources management and water level monitoring of lakes and reservoirs. In the study， Miyun Reservoir is taken as the main research area. The GF-7 laser altimetry data and stereo image are used to extract the reservoir water level and the surrounding digital surface model（DSM）， and the application practice analysis is carried out. The results show that the absolute error of reservoir water level extracted based on laser altimetry data is less than 0.15 m， which is equivalent to the accuracy of the same type of foreign data. Based on the digital surface model， the water surface range prediction result F₁ is higher than 0.85， and the water volume change monitoring error is less than 3%， which can meet the requirements of related hydrological analysis applications. The relevant conclusions are of reference value for promoting the application of domestic GF-7 satellite laser altimetry and stereo image data in water conservancy， and better assisting the construction of basin level digital twin water conservancy.

光学生物医学融合与成像技术的应用

• Research progress on fiber-based laser sources for coherent Raman scattering imaging

  LI Jia-Ying, HU Dong-Sheng, ZHUANG Hao, LI Yi-Ze, JI Min-Biao

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (119) HTML (0) PDF (1.03 MKB)(105)

  Abstract:

  Coherent Raman scattering microscopy is widely regarded as a powerful tool for solving biomedical problems due to its chemical specificity， label-free imaging capability， high spectral resolution and high sensitivity. However， the clinical application of coherent Raman scattering imaging technology has long been hindered by environmental sensitivity and large volume solid-state lasers. Ultrafast fiber lasers， with their compactness and stability， can effectively overcome these shortcomings. In this paper， different realization methods and research progress of fiber-based laser sources in coherent Raman scattering imaging are reviewed， including supercontinuum fiber source， soliton self-frequency shift fiber source， fiber optical parametric oscillator and synchronized fiber source， and the future development is prospected.

• YOLO-Fastest-IR: Ultra-lightweight thermal infrared face detection method for infrared thermal camera

  LI Xi-Cai, ZHU Jia-He, DONG Peng-Xiang, WANG Yuan-Qing

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (142) HTML (0) PDF (2.01 MKB)(191)

  Abstract:

  This paper presents a high-speed and robust dual-band infrared thermal camera based on an ARM CPU. It is composed of a low-resolution long-wavelength infrared detector， a digital temperature and humidity sensor， and a CMOS sensor. In view of the phenomenon of large contrast between face and background in thermal infrared image， this paper we search for a suitable accuracy-latency tradeoff for thermal face detection and propose a tiny-lightweight detector named YOLO-Fastest-IR. Four different scale YOLO-Fastest-IR0 to IR3 thermal infrared face detectors based on YOLO-Fastest are designed. To train and test four tiny-lightweight models， a multi-user low-resolution thermal face database （RGBT-MLTF） is collected， and the four networks are trained. Experiments reveal that the lightweight convolutional neural network can also perform well in the thermal infrared face detection task. And the algorithm is superior to the existing face detection algorithms in positioning accuracy and speed， which is more suitable for deployment in mobile platforms or embedded devices. After obtaining the region of interest in the infrared image （IR）， the RGB camera is guided by the results of thermal infrared face detection， to realize the fine positioning of RGB face. The experimental results show that YOLO-Fastest-IR has a frame rate of 92.9 FPS on a Raspberry Pi 4B and can successfully locate 97.4% of the face in the RGBT-MLTF test set. The integration of infrared temperature measurement system with low cost， strong robustness and high real-time performance was ultimately achieved， the temperature measurement accuracy can reach 0.3 degrees Celsius.

• In Vivo Fluorescene Imaging in the Superior NIR-II Sub-window Using Clinical-Grade Fluorescent dye

  LI Jia-Yi, Zhang Pei-Jin, Xia Qi-Ming, Qian Jun

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (123) HTML (0) PDF (1.40 MKB)(125)

  Abstract:

  NIR-II fluorescence imaging demonstrates significant advantages in biological imaging with its high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and deep tissue penetration, showing broad application prospects in biomedical fields. The classification of NIR-II imaging windows facilitates the optimization of imaging processes. Among these, the 1400-1500 nm imaging window benefits from its unique water absorption characteristics, enabling effective suppression of scattering background and achieving high-contrast imaging. This study systematically evaluates the imaging potential of the 1400-1500 nm window through simulation studies and in vivo experiments. To advance the clinical translation of fluorescence imaging in the 1400-1500 nm window, indocyanine green (ICG), an organic small-molecule dye approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), was employed as the fluorescent probe. Utilizing its extended fluorescence emission tail in the NIR-II region, high-contrast and high-resolution imaging of mouse vasculature and intestinal structures was achieved in the 1400-1500 nm window. Furthermore, in combination with methylene blue (MB), another FDA-approved agent, high-quality dual-channel NIR-II imaging was successfully implemented enabling precise localization of blood vessels and lymph nodes in mice. This research further explores the unique advantages of the 1400-1500 nm imaging window in biological imaging and its clinical application potential. It also provides valuable references for the clinical translation of NIR-II fluorescence imaging.

• Illuminating the Microscopic Mysteries of Enamel Demineralization through Terahertz Near-field Imaging

  Xiao Feng, Zhang Xiaoqiuyan, Cheng Li, Xu Xingxing, Zhang Tianyu, Tang Fu, Hu Tao, Hu Min

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (151) HTML (0) PDF (903.30 KKB)(157)

  Abstract:

  Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries. Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries. Terahertz （THz） technology， especially continuous wave （CW） THz near-field scanning microscopy （THz-SNOM） with its nanoscale resolution， can be promising in biomedical imaging. In addition， compared with traditional THz time-domain spectroscopy （TDS）， portable solid-state source as the emission has higher power and SNR， lower cost， and can obtain more precise imaging. In this study， we employ CW THz-SNOM to further break the resolution limitations of conventional THz imaging techniques and successfully achieve the near-field imaging of demineralized enamel at the nanoscale. We keenly observe that the near-field signal of the enamel significantly lowers as demineralization deepens， mainly due to the decrease in permittivity. This new approach offers valuable insights into the microscopic processes of enamel demineralization， laying the foundation for further research and treatment.

• Research on the Identification of Panax notoginseng Origin Using Terahertz Spectroscopy Combined with Convolutional Neural Networks

  WANG Jun-Tao, WANG Sheng-Feng, PENG Yan

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (85) HTML (0) PDF (2.10 MKB)(158)

  Abstract:

  As a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, Panax notoginseng exhibits therapeutic efficacy and quality closely associated with its saponin content, which demonstrates significant geographical variations. To accurately authenticate the geographical origin and ensure medicinal quality, a novel method integrating terahertz precision spectroscopy with a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was proposed. 40 Panax notoginseng samples from 4 regions in Yunnan Province, China—Honghe Autonomous Prefecture, Kunming, Qujing, and Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture—were analyzed using terahertz spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A CNN model was constructed and trained based on the acquired spectral and chromatographic data to classify the geographical origins. Experimental results revealed that the terahertz spectroscopy combined with the CNN model achieved a classification accuracy of 92.5%, significantly outperforming the 82.5% accuracy attained by the HPLC-CNN model. This finding highlights the potential of terahertz spectroscopy in component analysis and geographical traceability of herbal medicines, providing a novel scientific approach for rapid, non-destructive, and precise identification of Chinese medicinal materials.

• Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Antithrombotic Drug Plavix Using Terahertz Metamaterial

  ZHANG Jin-Jing, Liu Bing-Wei, LI Jia-Wei, WU Xu, SUN Li-Ying

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (123) HTML (0) PDF (2.24 MKB)(153)

  Abstract:

  This study used a terahertz metamaterial sensor for the rapid and accurate detection of the antithrombotic drug Plavix， addressing the increasing demand for efficiency and sensitivity in drug content monitoring. Utilizing the terahertz vibration characteristics of Plavix， characteristic absorption peaks within the 1~3 THz band were identified. Based on these findings， a dual-polarization resonance metamaterial sensor was designed to simultaneously enhance the sensing signals of these characteristic absorption peaks. Experimental results indicate that the sensor attains a high level of fit （R²>0.97） for quantitative analysis in the quantitative detection of Plavix through the established two-indicator decision model. Consequently， the terahertz metamaterial sensing technology presented in this study exhibits superior performance in monitoring Plavix content and offers a new tool for clinical drug monitoring and broader biochemical sample analysis.

Application of Optical-Biomedical Fusion and Imaging Technology

• NIR-II Quantum Dot-Labeled Exosomes’Imaging in Treatment of Ischemic Peripheral Nerve Injury

  OGURA Shingo, SHAO Ke-Meng, Zhang Xiao, Li Hui-Zhu, Feng Si-Jia, WANG Yue-Ming, CHEN Jun, WU De-Hua, WO Yan

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (150) HTML (0) PDF (1.92 MKB)(317)

  Abstract:

  Ischemia is a significant factor affecting the repair of peripheral nerve injuries， while exosomes have been shown to promote angiogenesis. To further investigate the detailed processes and efficacy of exosome therapy for ischemic peripheral nerve injuries， this study utilized glucose-modified near-infrared-II （NIR-II） quantum dots （QDs） to label adipose-derived stem cell exosomes （QDs-ADSC-Exos）， enabling long-term in vivo NIR-II imaging of exosome treatment for ischemic peripheral nerve damage. Experimental results confirmed that QDs can be used for non-invasive in vitro labeling of exosomes， with QDs-ADSC-Exos exhibiting strong fluorescence signals in the NIR-II window and demonstrating favorable NIR-II imaging characteristics in vivo. Notably， QDs-ADSC-Exos showed accumulation at the site of nerve injury in cases of ischemic peripheral nerve damage. Functional neurological assessments indicated that QDs-ADSC-Exos effectively promoted neural regeneration. This study highlights the potential of exosomes in treating ischemic peripheral nerve injuries and elucidates the spatiotemporal characteristics of exosome therapy， providing objective evidence for the further optimization of exosome-based treatment protocols.

光学生物医学融合与成像技术的应用

• A Review on the Research of Hyperspectral Detection Technology and Equipment for Key Quality Parameters of Tobacco Leaves

  HUANG Jin, ZHANG Li-Fu, SUN Xue-Jian, ZHAO Zhi-Peng, ZHAI Hao-Ran

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (113) HTML (0) PDF (511.55 KKB)(118)

  Abstract:

  An overview is provided of the research progress in the application of hyperspectral detection technology for non-destructive testing of key parameters in tobacco leaf quality. Methods and equipment for the rapid detection of chemical components such as total sugar， reducing sugar， total nitrogen， nicotine， starch， chloride， and potassium in tobacco leaves using this technology are explored. The impact of different tobacco sample forms on spectral data is pointed out. The advantages and challenges of hyperspectral technology in applications such as field management， harvest optimization， and online grading in tobacco production are analyzed. The promising prospects of combining hyperspectral technology with artificial intelligence to build predictive models for tobacco leaf chemical composition are proposed. This combination provides scientific evidence and references for improving detection efficiency and quality in the tobacco industry.

• Exhaled Breath gas of CO detection based on quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy technique

  XU Shi-wen, WU Hua-Kun, ZHOU Chong-Qiu, WU Xiao-Yu, YANG Chao-Feng, WU Qiong, LIU Wen, SHAO Jie

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (130) HTML (0) PDF (986.32 KKB)(209)

  Abstract:

  The concentration of exhaled CO as a biomarker for some diseases has attracted much attention， but CO concentration detectors had issues of low sensitivity and slow response time. Therefore， this paper used a quantum cascade laser with a central wavelength of 4.59 μm and a multi-pass cell of 3.8 m to build a high-sensitivity， fast-response exhaled CO measurement system based on absorption spectroscopy. The CO concentration was detected and analyzed using direct absorption （DAS） and wavelength modulation （WMS） techniques. The linearity of DAS is 0.998， and its detection limit reaches 3.68 × 10^-8. The linearity of WMS detection is 0.998 at CO concentrations below 6.00×10^-6， with the detection limit reaching 3.00×10^-9. The optimal integration times of 170 s and 250 s for DAS and WMS were obtained by Allan variance analysis， corresponding to detection limits of 2.00 × 10^-9 and 3.00 × 10^-10， respectively. Finally， 14 volunteers were tested for exhaled CO concentrations， and the results show that the system could distinguish between smokers and non-smokers， providing a scientific and effective tool for judging the smoking status of patients in smoking cessation clinics.

• Noninvasive terahertz near-field nano-imaging of mouse embryonic fibroblasts

  Zhong Qinyang, Zhang Xiaoqiuyan, Wang Ran, Zhang Tianyu, Tang Fu, Jiang Peidu, Hu Min

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (122) HTML (0) PDF (1.36 MKB)(141)

  Abstract:

  Fibroblasts support a broad range of essential organ functions via microarchitectural， biomechanical， and biochemical cues. Despite great advances in fluorescence， photoacoustic conversion， and Raman scattering over the past decades， their invasiveness and limited spatial resolution hinder the characterization of fibroblasts in a single cell. Here， taking mouse embryonic fibroblasts （MEFs） as an example， we propose a novel noninvasive approach to investigate the compositional distribution of MEFs at the single-cell scale via terahertz （THz） nanoscopy. Compared to the topological morphology， THz nano-imaging enables the component-based visualization of MEFs， such as the membrane， cytoplasm， nucleus， and extracellular vesicles （EVs）. Notably， we demonstrate the real-space observation of the influence of rapamycin treatment on the increase of EVs in MEFs. Moreover， the line-cut and area-statistical analysis establishes the relationship between the topological morphology and the THz near-field amplitudes for different cellular components of MEFs. This work provides a new pathway to characterize the effects of pharmaceutical treatments， with potential applications in disease diagnosis and drug development.

• Research on discriminant method of temperature perturbation in blood glucose sensing by near-infrared spectroscopy

  ZHANG Yi-Ze, LIU Rong, YU Yue-Wen, ZHAO Dong-Jie, CHEN Wen-Liang, LI Chen-Xi

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (91) HTML (0) PDF (1.40 MKB)(136)

  Abstract:

  Near-infrared spectroscopy is a type of molecular vibration spectroscopy. Temperature variations cause changes in molecular vibrations such as O-H and intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding， which lead to absorption spectral intensity and peaks changes， affecting the prediction accuracy of minor components such as blood glucose. To address the impact of temperature perturbation on spectral detection and modeling analysis， a temperature perturbation discrimination method based on aquaphotomics and two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy （2T2D-COS） was proposed. The 2T2D-COS analysis was applied to diffuse reflectance spectra of simulated solutions under temperature perturbation and varying glucose concentrations. Spectral features induced by changes in temperature and glucose concentration were successfully extracted， revealing distinct water spectral patterns under different perturbations. Quantitative analysis shows that a temperature change of 0.1°C is equivalent to a glucose concentration change of 45 mg/dL in terms of intensity. A temperature perturbation outliers discrimination model was further established based on raw spectra， water spectral features， and 2T2D-COS asynchronous spectra. The accuracy rates of the model based on 2T2D-COS asynchronous spectra are 95.83%. After removing outliers， the root mean square error of glucose concentration prediction is reduced by 51.89%. This workprovides a foundation for improving the accuracy of in vivo blood glucose detection using near-infrared spectroscopy.

• Research on the classification model of central precocious puberty based on features from functional near-infrared spectroscopy

  LI Ze-Ying, JIA Li-Fang, ZOU Ying-Xue, GAO Feng, LIU Dong-Yuan

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (81) HTML (0) PDF (2.00 MKB)(527)

  Abstract:

  Central precocious puberty （CPP） is mainly caused by the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis， which leads to abnormal hormone levels and triggers structural and functional changes in the brain， making the neurovascular coupling mechanisms of children with CPP different from those of normal children in the task state. Addressing current limitations of clinical diagnosis， such as false negatives， interference from obesity， and physiological discomfort， this study utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） to analyze task-related brain activation characteristics in 167 children from Tianjin Hospital， including 85 normal children and 82 children with CPP. An auxiliary diagnostic model for CPP was established based on these analyses. It was found that the prefrontal activation areas during mental arithmetic （MA） were more in the normal group than in the CPP group， and the activation areas were more in females than in males. By selecting mean， variance， kurtosis， and skewness from the two channels with the highest frequency of correlation and the highest magnitude of negative correlation as input features， the constructed classification model achieved an accuracy rate of 79.1%. This study provides a new and important reference for the rapid screening and pathogenesis study of CPP.

• Terahertz wave and Raman spectroscopy technology application in traumatic brain injury

  LI Hai-Bin, WANG Yu-Ye, WANG Ze-Long, XU Bing-Feng, XU De-Gang, YAO Jian-Quan

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (62) HTML (0) PDF (3.27 MKB)(119)

  Abstract:

  Traumatic brain injury is one of the most serious diseases that endanger human health. Sensitive and rapid detection method is a kind of powerful guarantee for the accurate and effective treatment of traumatic brain injury. In recent years, terahertz (THz) wave and Raman spectroscopy have broad application prospects in biomedical diagnosis and other fields due to their complementarity in technology. In this article, the researches of terahertz wave and Raman spectroscopy technology in traumatic brain injury detection were summarized in response to the needs and difficulties of traumatic brain injury diagnosis. Firstly, the development status of THz imaging and THz spectroscopy technology was introduced, and the applications of the two technologies in traumatic brain injury detection were also introduced, respectively. In addition, the principle and classification of Raman spectroscopy were summarized, and the research of Raman spectroscopy in the detection of traumatic brain injury tissues, body fluids, and biomarkers were discussed. Finally, the development trend of THz wave and Raman spectroscopy in the detection of traumatic brain injury was analyzed, which provides a new research idea for the application of THz wave and Raman spectroscopy in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of traumatic brain injury.

Application of Optical-Biomedical Fusion and Imaging Technology

• Alignment-Optimised Coaxial Visible-NIR-II Dual-Channel Surgical Navigation System and Its Clinical Application in Blood-Supply Assessment

  Zhang Yu-Huang, Liu Xiao-Long, Sun Si-Ying, Fan Xiao-Xiao, Lin Hui, Qian Jun

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (237) HTML (0) PDF (1.64 MKB)(527)

  Abstract:

  Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 900-1880 nm) offers high signal-to-background ratio (SBR), enhanced definition, and superior tissue penetration, making it ideal for real-time surgical navigation. However, with single-channel imaging, surgeons must frequently switch between the surgical field and the NIR-II images on the monitor. To address this issue, a coaxial dual-channel imaging system that combines visible light and 1100 nm long-pass (1100LP) fluorescence was developed. The system features a customized coaxial dual-channel lens with optimized distortion, achieving precise alignment with an error of less than ±0.15 mm. Additionally, the shared focusing mechanism simplifies operation. Using FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG), the system was successfully applied in dual-channel guided rat lymph node excision, and blood supply assessment of reconstructed human flap. This approach enhances surgical precision, improves operational efficiency, and provides a valuable reference for further clinical translation of NIR-II fluorescence imaging.

• Research on the Characteristics of Absorption Coefficient in the Low Absorption Region of InAs and GaSb Substrates Based on FTIR Spectroscopy Technology

  Wangxiaozhen, TAN Zhi-yong, ZHANG Qing-ling-yun, LI Jian-mei, CHEN Yi-qiao, CAO Jun-cheng

  Abstract: (20) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  GaSb and InAs demonstrate significant potential photoelectric applications in mid-wave infrared (3-5 μm) and long-wave infrared (8-12 μm) spectral regions. However, their weak optical absorption properties hinder accurate determination of absorption coefficients via conventional transmission spectroscopy due to multi-pass transmission effects. This study introduces a combined reflection-transmission analysis method based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), achieving enhancement in measurement accuracy within the low-absorption regime (α<10 cm?1). For samples with doping concentrations of ND=2.46×1016 ^cm-3 ^{(InAs) and} ND=8.76×1016 ^cm-3 (GaSb), the analysis reveals that free carrier absorption in the 8-18 μm range is predominantly governed by acoustic phonon scattering and ionized impurity scattering. Notably, GaSb exhibits significantly enhanced scattering intensity compared to InAs, with a 10-fold increase in ionized impurity scattering coefficient and a 450-fold amplification in acoustic phonon scattering coefficient. The developed methodology provides a technical framework for determining absorption coefficients in low-absorption materials.

  • 1
• Shortwave Infrared Polarization-based Aerial Small-UAV Target Detection via a Scale-Adaptive Local Extreme Measure

  YANG Zheng-Ye, GONG Jin-Fu, XIN Jian-Qiao, WANG Shi-Yong, WU Ying-Yue, KANG Hua-Chao

  Abstract: (21) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection holds significant value in both civilian and military domains, however, conventional infrared detection systems remain vulnerable to background clutter interference. Infrared polarization imaging technology offers a novel solution by integrating polarization data with infrared imaging. However, the differences between polarization and infrared images introduces new problems to target extraction. Therefore, we propose a new detection algorithm based on scale-adaptive local extreme measure (ALEM). The algorithm introduces an enhanced SUSAN operator to quickly extract regions of interest (ROIs) while estimating potential target scales within these regions. Then present the ALEM algorithm, which is specifically designed to exploit the unique characteristics of polarization images. The algorithm effectively measures contrast by analyzing pixel neighborhood features within polarization images. Experimental results based on real-world polarization image dataset demonstrate that: the signal-to-noise ratio gain of the algorithm is increased by 2.7 times, the background suppression factor is increased by 8.6 times, and it can run at 20 fps. It exhibits excellent detection performance, robustness, and the capability for real-time detection.

  • 1
• Independent Development of a Silicon Ultra-stable Optical Reference Cavity with High-Finesse

  JIAO Dong-Dong, GAO Jing, WU Pan, DENG Xue, WU Meng-Fan, ZHANG Lin-Bo, XU Guan-Jun, ZANG Qi, Cui Jie, Dong Rui-Fang, LIU Tao, QU Bo, ZHANG Shou-Gang

  Abstract: (17) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  This work presents the independent development of a silicon ultra-stable optical reference cavity with high-finesse. Silicon exhibits exceptional thermal stability, lower mechanical loss, and superior vibrational insensitivity. An optimized machining process effectively addresses key manufacturing challenges posed by silicon's brittleness and anisotropic properties. The three-stage polishing technology is utilized to achieve ultra-smooth surfaces with ? level roughness (RMS). The high-reflection film is produced using SiO2/Ta2O5 as the coating material via Ion Beam Sputter Deposition. A cavity linewidth measurement method demonstrates a finesse of ~340,000, comparable to top international counterparts. These results demonstrate China’s ability to independently develop high-performance silicon-based ultra-stable optical reference cavities. This advancement holds significance for precision applications like optical clocks and gravitational wave detection.

  • 1
• A new algorithm for millimeter-wave cloud radar clutter rejection based on morphological improvement

  LIU Qian-Chen, DI Hui-Ge, YUAN Yun, QUAN Chun-Hang, WANG Jia-Le, HOU Chen-Tao, HUA Deng-Xin

  Abstract: (21) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  An improved multi-feature fusion scheme is proposed to address the problem of edge signal loss in existing clutter filtering methods for millimeter-wave cloud radar. A discriminative model is constructed based on reflectivity, time and vertical continuity for preliminary clutter identification, and then a morphological binary expansion operation is introduced to generate cloud edge candidate regions, and an accurate edge determination is performed with the help of domain analysis. It is verified that this scheme can effectively filter out clutter while retaining cloud edge signals more completely, solving the problem of edge signal loss in the existing clutter filtering scheme, improving the quality of millimeter-wave cloud radar data, and providing more reliable data support for atmospheric physics research and weather forecasting.

  • 1
• A method for enhancing the performance of infrared filters based on rate-modulated deposition of germanium films

  LIU Bao-Jian, LI Da-Qi, DUAN Wei-Bo, YU De-Ming, CAI Qing-Yuan, YU Tian-Yan, JIANG Lin, YANG Yu-Ting, ZHUANG Qiu-Hui, ZHENG Yu-Xiang

  Abstract: (19) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  This study systematically investigated the influence of deposition rate on the structure, broadband optical properties (1.0–13.0 μm), and stress characteristics of Germanium (Ge) films. Additionally, a method for enhancing the performance of infrared filters based on rate-modulated deposition of Ge films was proposed. The optical absorption of Ge films in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands can be effectively reduced by modulating the deposition rate. As the deposition rate increases, the Ge films maintain an amorphous structure. The optical constants of the films in the 1.0–2.5 μm and 2.5–13.0 μm bands were precisely determined using the Cody-Lorentz model and the classical Lorentz oscillator model, respectively. Notably, higher deposition rates result in a gradual increase in the refractive index. The extinction coefficient increases with the deposition rate in the SWIR region, attributed to the widening of the Urbach tail, while it decreases in the LWIR region due to the reduced absorption caused by the Ge–O stretching mode. Additionally, the films exhibit a tensile stress that decreases with increasing deposition rate. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed fabrication method for an infrared filter with Ge films deposited at an optimized rate was demonstrated through practical examples. This work provides theoretical and technical support for the application of Ge films in high-performance infrared filters.

  • 1
• Measurement system calibration and radiation characteristic inversion based on infrared weak and small targets

  liwenxiong, Shenjunli, Luzhenyu, Menshudong, Wuqingwen, Zhaoxiaoyan

  Abstract: (17) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  With the widespread application of infrared detection technology in fields such as military reconnaissance, aerospace monitoring, and security early warning, infrared measurement systems play a critical role in infrared detection. In response to issues such as low calibration efficiency and significant environmental interference in the calibration and radiative property inversion of infrared measurement systems, this paper proposes a calibration and radiative property inversion method based on infrared weak small targets. A small-area blackbody source is used as a controllable radiation source to project infrared targets, and deep learning networks are employed for precise identification and gray-scale extraction of infrared weak small targets. Using this, a calibration model for the measurement system is established. Experimental results show that the method demonstrates good calibration stability within the temperature range of 298 K-308 K, with the absolute error of radiative property inversion controlled within ±2 K and the relative error of inversion temperature ≤ 0.5%. Regression analysis also indicates high temperature inversion accuracy (R2>0.94). Compared to traditional methods, the proposed method balances calibration efficiency and accuracy while extending the ability to invert the temperature field of targets. This research provides an effective solution for rapid calibration and high-precision radiative property analysis of infrared weak small targets.

  • 1
• Modeling and Simulation of Infrared Polarization Characteristics of Aerial Targets Based on a Hybrid Radiation Polarization Model

  YAN Kun-Na, Liu Hai-Zheng, Shi Ze-Lin, Zhao Ze-Hua, Zhao Chun-Yang

  Abstract: (19) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  To address the need for infrared polarization detection in high-speed aerial targets, this paper presents a practical method for calculating and simulating the infrared polarization characteristics of these targets. Based on a hybrid radiative polarization model, an infrared degree of linear polarization (DoLP) calculation framework for aerial targets and an instantiation method for typical materials are developed. This model framework considers thermal emission, solar and environmental radiation reflections, and atmospheric transport effects. The deviation between the calculated and measured DoLP values for the material samples is less than 10%. Taking the high-speed SR-72 reconnaissance aircraft as an example, the simulation process is based on the reflection/radiance vector data generated by the polarization calculation model of the target material. The real-time simulation of the SR-72 target's infrared polarization characteristics is conducted with the Unity3D engine, and the image frame rate reaches 35 frames per second. The DoLP images of the SR-72 are simulated under varying conditions, including flight speed, detection band (MWIR/LWIR), and solar illumination. The variations in its polarization characteristics are subsequently analyzed. This study provides a data foundation and simulation support for infrared polarization detection and related assessment applications of aerial targets.

  • 1
• Microwave/millimeter-wave multiband transmission lines, antennas, and passive components with large frequency ratios for integrated sensing and communication applications

  LEl Bo-Jie, LI Jin, CHEN Si-Cheng, YAN Shu-Yao, YUAN Tao

  Abstract: (36) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  The fundamental concepts, operating principles, and recent advancements in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) are presented. A comprehensive review of multiband and large-frequency-ratio micro-wave/millimeter-wave transmission lines, antennas, and passive components—primarily filters and couplers—that are currently suitable for ISAC application scenarios is provided. Various implementation strategies and fabrication techniques for these multiband and high-frequency-ratio structures are comparatively analyzed. The technical characteristics, RF performance, and respective advantages and limitations of different design approaches are systematically summarized. This review offers a diverse and in-depth reference for the continued development of high-performance microwave/millimeter-wave front-end components tailored for ISAC applications.

  • 1
• The Epitaxial Growth of InAs/GaInSb Long Wavelength Infrared Superlattice materials

  LI Chen, JIANG Dong-Wei, XU Ying-Qiang, NI Hai-Qiao, WANG Guo-Wei, WU Dong-Hai, HAO Hong-Yue, NIU Zhi-Chuan

  Abstract: (35) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  InAs/GaInSb Type-II superlattice (T2SL) materials exhibit significant advantages in long-wavelength (LWIR) and very long-wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detectors. By optimizing molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth parameters and interface control techniques, a 50-period short-period superlattice (SL) structure composed of 10-monolayer (ML) InAs/7ML Ga0.75In0.25Sb was successfully grown at the GaSb reconstruction transition temperature. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) characterization revealed a lattice constant of 6.108 ? and a period thickness of 53.53 ? for the superlattice, with deviations from theoretical design values below 0.2%. The lattice mismatch with the GaSb substrate was only 0.197%. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements demonstrated a root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of 1.67 ?, while photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy indicated a bandgap of 89.92 meV. Furthermore, a 12ML InAs/5ML Al0.8In0.2Sb superlattice barrier material was epitaxially grown, exhibiting a lattice mismatch of 0.067% with the GaSb substrate. Experimental results confirm that both the 10ML InAs/7ML Ga0.75In0.25Sb and 12ML InAs/5ML Al0.8In0.2Sb superlattices exhibit excellent lattice compatibility with the GaSb substrate. The presence of multiple satellite diffraction peaks and superior interface quality further validate the structural integrity of the materials. These findings provide a critical material foundation for the development of high-performance infrared detectors.

  • 1
• Polarization angle scanning for wide-band millimeter-wave direct detection

  WANG He-Yao, ZHAO Zi-Ran, QIAO Ling-Bo, GUO Da-Lu

  Abstract: (32) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Millimeter-wave (MMW) technology has been widely utilized in human security screening applications due to its superior penetration capabilities through clothing and safety for human exposure. However, existing methods largely rely on fixed polarization modes, neglecting the potential insights from variations in target echoes with respect to incident polarization. This study provides a theoretical analysis of the cross-polarization echo power as a function of the incident polarization angle under linear polarization conditions. Additionally, based on the transmission characteristics of multi-layer medium, we extended the depth spectrum model employed in direct detection to accommodate scenarios involving multi-layered structures. Building on this foundation, by obtaining multiple depth spectrums through polarization angle scanning, we propose the Polarization Angle-Depth Matrix to characterize target across both the polarization angle and depth dimensions in direct detection. Simulations and experimental validations confirm its accuracy and practical value in detecting concealed weapons in human security screening scenarios.

  • 1
• Study on Regulation Characteristics of Photodetectors Based on MXenes/Microstructured Silicon Heterojunctions

  LIAO Lu-Lu, XU Cai-Xia, LIU Gao-Rui, LIN Chang-Qing, LI Lu-Fang, SUN Hai-bin, YANG Xing, XU Long

  Abstract: (33) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Surface-microstructured silicon exhibits unique optical properties, demonstrating promising potential for applications in photoelectric sensors, solar cells, and related fields. To further explore the optoelectronic modulation effects based on its surface architecture, this study presents a novel heterojunction photodetector constructed by integrating MXene (Ti3C2Tx) with microstructured silicon substrate through spin-coating and other fabrication techniques.Comparative studies were conducted on commercial silicon, microstructured silicon, and Ti3C2Tx/microstructured silicon devices under varying wavelengths and optical power densities. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and photoresponse performance reveal that the Ti3C2Tx/microstructured silicon photodetector exhibits significantly superior external quantum efficiency (EQE) and responsivity across a broad spectral range of 200-1750 nm compared to commercial silicon and microstructured silicon detectors. Notably, in the near-infrared region (1100-1800 nm), the device demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving EQE exceeding 1000% and responsivity greater than 10 A/W. In contrast, commercial silicon photodetector in the same spectral range shows EQE below 10% and responsivity no higher than 0.3 A/W, while microstructured silicon photodetector exhibits EQE of below 15% and responsivity limited to 0.08 A/W. Further dynamic response and bias-dependent analyses indicate that the Ti3C2Tx coating, owing to its high conductivity and the built-in electric field formed at the heterojunction with microstructured silicon, significantly enhances detection capability from the NIR to MIR. Additionally, the response time is remarkably reduced from 38 ns to 20 ns. This heterojunction holds great promise for high-speed photodetection in optical communications, LIDAR, photoelectric sensing, and other advanced optoelectronic applications.

  • 1
• Analysis and optimization of imaging characteristics of segmented planar imaging system based on checkerboard sampling lens array

  Li Yan, He Yan, YU Qing-Hua1, SUN Sheng-Li

  Abstract: (28) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  The study simulated imaging characteristics of a segmented planar imaging system. It investigated the influence of structural parameters on imaging results based on a checkerboard lens sampling array, and provided optimal parameters for the system. The work innovatively employed hyperspectral images to analyze the impact of interference spectral width on imaging quality in natural scenes, concluding that the allowable interference bandwidth in practical applications should not exceed 100 nm. The discussion on allowable bandwidth and error analysis based on real-world scenarios offered guidance for developing checkerboard-type imagers. These findings also provided universal insights applicable to all segmented planar imaging systems.

  • 1
• Polarization Integrated Infrared Detector and Imaging Based on MetaLens Structure

  Huang Hao-Jin, Wang Long, Zhou Jian, Wang Fangfang, Zhang Feng, Ying Xiang-Xiao, Tang Shou-Hai, Liu Yun-Meng, Chen Jian-xin, Zhou Yi

  Abstract: (41) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Due to the close pixel size and working wavelength of the focal plane polarization integrated infrared detector, diffraction effects cause severe crosstalk between adjacent pixels with different polarized light. A single traditional metal grating structure cannot achieve high extinction ratio polarization detection chips. This article proposes and designs a metasurface lens stacked polarization integrated infrared detector structure, studies the optical field convergence ability of metalens for different wavelengths of infrared light waves, prepares metastructural lenses and submicron grating structures, and integrates them with infrared focal planes. The polarization extinction ratio of the device exceeds 15:1, and dynamic and variable temperature objects are selected for polarization imaging experiments, demonstrating the imaging advantages of polarization integrated devices with focal planes.

  • 1
• Terahertz detector based on side-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT for resonant detection

  JIN Chen-Yang, KANG Ya-Ru, LI Ye-Ran, YAN Wei, NING Jin, ZHAO Yong-Mei, LI Zhao-Feng, YANG Fu-Hua, WANG Xiao-Dong

  Abstract: (48) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  In high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) terahertz detectors, an excessively wide gate can generate oblique modes in the channel, resulting in weakened resonant detection signals and a broadened resonance peak. To address this issue, a side-gate HEMT (EdgeFET) structure was proposed. A resonant detection model for the side-gate device was established based on the hydrodynamic equations of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in conventional HEMT. A side-gate HEMT detector was fabricated, and terahertz resonant detection experiments were conducted at 77 K. The experimental results indicated that EdgeFET demonstrated distinct resonant responses at 77 K, with the resonant responsivity reaching 3.7 times the maximum non-resonant responsivity. The experimental data were fitted using the theoretical model to validate its accuracy. These results strongly confirm the effectiveness of EdgeFET in enhancing the resonant performance of the detector, providing a new technological approach for the development of next-generation high-performance terahertz detectors.

  • 1
• High-Performance Terahertz Detectors Based on Large-Area Semimetallic Platinum Telluride (PtTe2)

  HUANG De-Bao, ZHOU Wei, HUANG Jing-Guo, QIU Qin-Xi, JIANG Lin, YAO Niang-Juan, GAO Yan-Qing, HUANG Zhi-Ming

  Abstract: (44) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Terahertz (THz) detectors, serving as the pivotal components for photoelectric conversion, constitute one of the fundamental building blocks in modern information society. Large-area PtTe2 thin films were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), enabling the fabrication of THz detectors with varied channel lengths. Characterization results demonstrate that the device response exhibits linear dependence on both bias voltage and incident power, while the responsivity shows an inverse proportionality to channel length and operational frequency. The observed device characteristics align well with theoretical calculations based on the electromagnetic induced well (EIW) mechanism. Notably, EIW-based devices achieve a rapid response time of ~7.6 μs, with noise equivalent power (NEP) below 7.9×10-15 W/Hz0.5 and specific detectivity (D*) exceeding 9×1010 cm·Hz0.5/W under limited bias conditions. These performance metrics surpass those of previously reported semimetallic PtTe2-based detectors.

  • 1
• Millimeter Wave Imaging of Range Migration Algorithm with Adaptive Background Filtering

  CHENG Zhi-Hua, ZHOU Ran, WANG Meng, YU Tao, WANG Yu-Lan, YAO Jian-Quan

  Abstract: (64) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  This paper proposes a novel Range Migration Algorithm (RMA) integrated with an adaptive background filtering method specifically designed for near-field millimeter-wave imaging scenarios where targets are in close proximity to background structures. This method simulate the attention distribution mode of the human visual system which is used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and called Attention Mechanism. Based on the concept of static clutter filtering, the frequency-domain signals of the scanning aperture are divided into grid cells. Background scattering functions are established by analyzing the motion processes within each cell, and background interference is linearly filtered out. An analysis of the manifestation of background scattering interference within the algorithm is carried out, and the impact of the grid cell dimension on the imaging quality is investigated. Experimental results that the proposed method exhibits the capability to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of both the target and the background. It effectively suppresses the background interference leading to a more prominent image, meanwhile without incurring a prohibitive computational load. The method offers a novel solution for improving the performance of millimeter-wave imaging technology in practical applications.

  • 1
• Fabrication of flexible, low-loss and high-reliability PI mid-infrared hollow optical fiber and investigation of its CO2 laser transmission performances

  YU Shuo-Ying, ZHU Run-Miao, LIU Sheng, ZHA Zhi-Peng, ZHANG Qing-Tian, HOU Guang-Ning, FEI Ying-Di, LIU Shao-Hua, JING Cheng-Bin, CHU Jun-Hao

  Abstract: (55) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Hollow optic fiber delivery of CO2 and other mid-infrared lasers still faces several challenges in terms of transmission loss, bending flexibility and reliability, which limits its applications in laser medicine, flexible industrial processing, and intelligent sensing. A flexible, low-loss mid-infrared hollow fiber with enhanced PI/Ag/AgI interfacial bonding strength has been developed by utilizing plasma activation of polyimide (PI) structural tubing and a dynamic liquid-phase deposition process. The results showed that after plasma treatment, the N-C bonds on the surface of PI were converted to N-O bonds and active groups such as carboxyl were formed. This results in enhancement of surface hydrophilicity and the interfacial bonding strength between PI and Ag/AgI layers (from level 0 to level 2) without noticeably increasing surface roughness. The as-fabricated PI hollow fiber (ID=2 mm) exhibited a low-loss transmission window within 8~15 μm wavelength range, achieving a linear transmission loss as low as 0.05 dB/m at 10.6 μm. When bent 180° with a radius of 20 cm, the loss increased only to 0.55 dB/m. The fiber could deliver a 30 W CO2 laser beam for 300 s at 150°C without damage. After 400 min of vibration testing and 120 min of high-low temperature aging (-196°C/150°C), the transmission loss remained stable, showing its value for practical applications.

  • 1
• Peak Separation and Small Signal Modeling Analysis of Abnormal Shift in the transconductance curve in InAs Composite Channel HEMT

  GONG Yong-Heng, CHEN Yu-Xuan, SHI Jing-Yuan, ZHANG Da-Yong, SU Yong-Bo, DING Wu-Chang, JIN Zhi, Ding Peng

  Abstract: (52) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  In this work, 100 nm gate-length InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a composite InGaAs/InAs/InGaAs channel are fabricated. DC measurements indicate that the InAs channel enhances transconductance but shifts the peak point toward lower?Vgs?under high?Vds?bias. Peak separation analysis reveals the DC transconductance curve is composed of two components: the gate-controlled transconductance and the impact-ionization-induced additional transconductance. Further analysis demonstrates that the anomalous shift originates from channel impact ionization intensity variation, which is caused by changes in the gate-drain electric field rather than carrier density in the channel. Two additional current sources were introduced in the small-signal model to characterize the impact-ionization-induced transconductance, and the numerical variation trends of their parameters are consistent with the peak separation results, which validates the mechanism's correctness. RF measurements confirm that the DC transconductance enhancement does not effectively improve RF characteristics, which is attributed to the ionization-induced transconductance having a time constant significantly larger than that of conventional transconductance components. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for controlling impact-ionization and improving effective transconductance, ultimately optimizing InAs channel HEMT design.

  • 1
• Room-temperature Highly sensitive Bi₂Te₃ Terahertz Detector Based on Hot-carrier Photothermoelectric Effect

  CAI Miao, WANG Xing-Jun, GUO Xu-Guang

  Abstract: (72) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  High-performance uncooled terahertz (THz) detectors have a wide range of applications in many technological fields, such as high-rate data communications, real-time imaging, spectroscopy and sensing. However room-temperature THz detectors with high sensitivity and fast response capability are still rare. In recent years, the hot-carrier photothermoelectric (PTE) effect in two-dimensional (2D) materials has been found to be useful for room-temperature, high-speed, and highly sensitive photodetection in the THz and long-wave infrared radiation. In this study, the authors constructed a room-temperature THz detector based on the high-performance 2D layered thermoelectric material Bi2Te3, which employs a bow-tie antenna as an asymmetric light coupler and utilizes the hot-carrier PTE effect to achieve THz detection in zero-bias mode. The results show that the Bi2Te detector exhibits excellent THz detection performance, with a responsivity and noise equivalent power (NEP) of 0.45 A/W, 17 pW/Hz^1/2, and a fast response time of 12 μs under 100 GHz radiation, respectively. This work demonstrates the promising application of Bi2Te3 THz detectors based on the hot-carrier PTE effect in realizing high-performance uncooled THz detectors.

  • 1
• Continuous Wave Operation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Wire Lasers with Dual Coupled Gratings

  TAN Cheng, ZOU Ting-Ting, ZANG Shan-Zhi, WANG Kai, GAN Liang-Hua, CAO Chen-Tao, CHEN Bing-Qi, CHEN Hong-Tai, ZHANG Yue-Heng, FANG Yu-Long, XU Gang-Yi

  Abstract: (58) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  We demonstrate terahertz quantum cascade (THz-QC) wire lasers based on dual coupled gratings that achieve continuous-wave (CW) operation near liquid nitrogen temperatures with a low-divergence Gaussian-like beam profile. Our configuration circumvents the effective refractive index constraint, significantly enhancing fabrication efficiency while retaining the key advantages of low power consumption and high heat dissipation efficiency. By engineering the photonic band structure of the coupled gratings, the laser operates on two supermodes. For Supermode #1, grating 1 serves as the master oscillator while grating 2 functions as a phased antenna array, featuring a collimated beam. For Supermode #2, grating 2 is the main oscillator and simultaneously provides a collimated beam, while grating 1 offers high reflectivity. Both supermodes exhibit high cavity quality factors and low beam divergence, achieved with a significantly reduced gain area. Experimentally, both supermodes were observed, and the optimized laser produces a collimated Gaussian beam with divergence angles of 12°×18° and an optical power of 1.04 mW. The threshold power consumption and thermal resistance are as low as 2.62 W and 8.5 mK/W/cm2, respectively, resulting in a maximum CW operating temperature of 78.0 K. This work offers a more accessible route for low-divergence, low-power-consumption, high-thermal-dissipation-efficiency THz-QCLs with enhanced CW operation at elevated temperatures.

  • 1
• Field-Enhanced Ge-Based PIN Structured Blocked Impurity Band Infrared Detectors in Weakly Ionized Regions

  Liu Chixian, Tianye-Chen, Zexin-Wang, Qingzhi-Hu, Wei-Dou, Xiaoyan Liu, Jingwei-Ling, Changyi-Pan, Jiaqi-Zhu, Peng-Wang, Huiyong-Deng, Hong-Shen, Ning-Dai

  Abstract: (70) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  A novel germanium （Ge） based blocked-impurity-band （BIB） infrared detector with a planar PIN structure was developed, using near-surface processing technique to fabricate the target and electrode contact regions. The detector demonstrates significant rectifying characteristics, exhibiting extremely low dark current under reverse bias, and its working temperature is extended to 15 K. At this temperature, the detector maintains a stable detectivity of 6 × 1012 cm·Hz1/?·W?1 within the reverse bias voltage range of 0 to -5 V. Through band structure analysis, the dark current mechanism and the impact of temperature variation on optical response were discussed in detail, and the working principle based on the low-temperature weak ionization region was proposed. Additionally, tests of the detector’s blackbody response current and detectivity were systematically measured, and the mechanism of maintaining high performance at elevated working temperatures was clarified. The result provides innovative insights for enhancing the temperature performance of Ge-based BIB detectors and offers theoretical and experimental support for the design and application of future infrared detectors.

  • 1
• Effect of mixed-period gratings on the photoresponse bandwidth of long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors

  TIAN Ya-Ping, LI Zhi-Feng, LI Ning, LI Xiang-Yang, XU Jin-Tong

  Abstract: (64) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  The expansion of response bandwidth is an important direction in the development of quantum well infrared photodetectors. Using quantum well material with the peak response wavelength at 10.55 μm, the diffraction grating structure in the 30 μm center distance quantum well infrared detector is optimized, and six different combinations of the mixed-period gratings are obtained by mixing three grating structures with the period of 2.80, 3.50, and 4.25 μm within a single photosensitive pixel. Photoresponse spectroscopy tests show that the response bandwidth of the mixed-period grating can be broadened from 1.20 μm to 1.91 μm by up to 60% compared to a single-period grating, while the blackbody responsivity decreases by only 12%.

  • 1
• The Study of Electrical Properties of Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattices

  xiangtaiyi, WANG NAN, HUANG MING, CHAI Xu-Liang, CHEN Jian-Xin

  Abstract: (63) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  In order to investigate the electrical properties of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices, a lattice-matched AlAsSb electrical isolation layer was grown between the GaSb substrate and the InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice epitaxial material to suppress the conductive effect of the substrate. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements revealed that the undoped superlattice exhibited N-type conductivity. As the P-type doping concentration increased, a compensation doping phenomenon was observed, with the occurrence of conductivity type transitions at 95 K and 230 K, respectively. Below the transition temperatures, P-type conductivity was exhibited, while above the transition temperatures, the material exhibited N-type conductivity. The phenomenon was analyzed using the Fermi level model, and the results indicated that the transition temperature for conductivity type changes increased with increasing doping concentration.

  • 1
• High-Resolution Defect Detection in Optoelectronic Device via Scanning Imaging Technique

  HU Er-Tao, LIU Jia-Wei, SHAO Peng, XIN Hao, CAI Qing-Yuan, DUAN Wei-Bo, CHEN Liang-Yao

  Abstract: (93) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Photocurrent scanning imaging (mapping) technology is a key technique in the research of solar cells and photodetectors. However, traditional galvanometer-driven beam scanning methods are limited by a restricted scanning range and image distortion. To address these shortcomings and meet the need for testing the photocurrent uniformity of large-area optoelectronic devices, an automated photocurrent mapping testing system has been developed based on optical component scanning. This system offers a large imaging range, high spatial resolution, high stability, and low cost. With its high-precision mode, it can achieve sub-micron geometric positioning (subdivision number 6400, scanning step size 0.625 μm), fulfilling both large-area scanning requirements and providing high-resolution testing. Moreover, its simple structure greatly reduces the overall cost of the mapping system. Using a silicon solar cell sample with surface covered by a “南” (south) character paper or a encoder strip mask, it was demonstrated that the scanning range exceeds 10×10 mm2, with a spatial resolution of 0.6 μm. The system was also used to characterize the surface photocurrent images of Cu?ZnSnS? and Cu?ZnSn(S,Se)? solar cells. The results show that the Cu?ZnSnS? cell contains more defects, while the Cu?ZnSn(S,Se)? cell exhibits a more uniform surface photocurrent response with fewer defects. These findings contribute to the optimization of solar cell fabrication processes.

  • 1
• Research on stress adaptability of InAs/GaSb type Ⅱ superlattice long-wave focal plane infrared detectors

  XUE Yong, XU Qing, HUANG Min, WANG Zhen, LIANG Zhao-Ming, XU Qing-Qing, BAI Zhi-Zhong, CHEN Jian-Xin

  Abstract: (78) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  The superlattice long-wavelength infrared focal plane detectors operate at low-temperatures. The differences in the thermal expansion coefficients among the various material layers of the detectors can lead to deformation and generate thermal stress, which in turn affects the optoelectrical performances of the detector. This study designed two structural modules to achieve the regulation of stress in the superlattice detectors. The changes in dark current and spectral response of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice long-wave infrared focal plane detectors under different stress conditions were explored. The research indicates that within the stress range of -10.7 MPa to 131.9 MPa, the variations in the optoelectrical performance of the detector is small. The detector was subjected to a temperature shock test, and it demonstrated high reliability. Our research results provide guidance for the structural design of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice long-wave infrared focal plane detectors and offer a basis for their performance and reliability assessment.

  • 1
• Study on the performance and parameters of interdigitated GaAs photoconductive terahertz radiation source

  ZHANG yu-song, Shi Wei, LI yi-fan, Hou Lei, LI huan-lin

  Abstract: (114) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Optimizing the substrate material and electrode structure of photoconductive antennas is crucial to improving their performance in radiating terahertz waves. Compared with traditional photoconductive antennas (PCA), interdigitated photoconductive antennas (IPCA) can build multiple array elements in a smaller photosensitive area and have superior radiation performance. In this paper, six types of IPCA with different number of array elements and electrode gaps were designed and developed. The reverse electric field between adjacent electrodes was eliminated by blocking metal layers. The radiation characteristics and polarization characteristics of IPCA were compared with traditional PCA (parallel electrode antenna and bowtie antenna). The changes of the radiation characteristics of IPCA with the number of array elements, electrode gap, pump light energy and bias electric field were further studied. Experimental results show that the THz pulse radiation amplitude of the 40-element IPCA is 30 times higher than that of a single antenna.

  • 1
• A Multi-Attention Mechanism U-Net Neural Network for Image Correction of PbS Quantum Dot Focal Plane Detectors

  Hanting Wang, Di Yun-Xiang, Xingyu Qi, Yingzhe Sha, Yahui Wang, Lingfeng Ye, Weiyi Tang, Ba Kun, Wang Xu-Dong, Huang Zhang-Cheng, Chu Jun-Hao, Shen Hong, Wang Jian-Lu

  Abstract: (82) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Near-infrared image sensors are widely used in fields such as material identification, machine vision, and autonomous driving. Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot-based infrared photodiodes can be integrated with silicon-based readout circuits in a single step. Based on this, we propose a photodiode based on an n-i-p structure, which removes the buffer layer and further simplifies the manufacturing process of quantum dot image sensors, thus reducing manufacturing costs. Additionally, for the noise complexity in quantum dot image sensors when capturing images, traditional denoising and non-uniformity methods often do not achieve optimal denoising results. For the noise and stripe-type non-uniformity commonly encountered in infrared quantum dot detector images, a network architecture has been developed that incorporates multiple key modules. This network combines channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms, dynamically adjusting the importance of feature maps to enhance the ability to distinguish between noise and details. Meanwhile, the residual dense feature fusion module further improves the network"s ability to process complex image structures through hierarchical feature extraction and fusion. Furthermore, the pyramid pooling module effectively captures information at different scales, improving the network"s multi-scale feature representation ability. Through the collaborative effect of these modules, the network can better handle various mixed noise and image non-uniformity issues. Experimental results show that it outperforms the traditional U-Net network in denoising and image correction tasks.

  • 1
• Design and fabrication of pixel-level infrared metalens arrays for light field control

  ZHANG Feng, WANG Fang-Fang, ZHOU Jian, YING Xiang-Xiao, ZHOU Yi, CHEN Jian-Xin

  Abstract: (75) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Metalenses，with their unique optical field modulation characteristics and remarkable advantages of high integration and miniaturization, have broad applications in the integrated imaging system of lightweight and small-sized optoelectronic chips. In this paper, a metalens structure for pixel-level integrated infrared focal plane applications was designed. The preparation of the structure adopted a method combining stepper lithography technology and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) etching process. Through a systematic optimization of etching parameters, including gas flow rate, working pressure, and power, the loading effect was effectively suppressed and the standard deviation of the etching rate was decreased from 0.205% to 0.073%. Finally, a highly uniform metalens array was fabricated, with a pixel center distance of 30 μm, an array of 640×512, and a maximum aspect ratio of 3.42 of Si pillars. The focusing distance for 4.3 μm wavelength infrared light is 35 μm. The measured optical field convergence efficiencies, within radial ranges of 10 μm and 20 μm in the centra area at the focal length, are 66.4% and 84.9%, respectively. The optical field energy is increased by 5.98 times and 1.91 times, respectively, compared with that without the integrated metalens within the same area range. This study will provide the structural design and processing foundation for the integration of pixel-level metalens arrays with infrared chips.

  • 1
• High performance multifunction integrated optic circuits base on thin-film lithium niobate

  Qu Baiang, GUO Hong-Jie, YANG Yong-Kang, CHEN Wen-Bin, GUO Wen-Tao, TAN Man-Qing

  Abstract: (104) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  This paper introduces an innovative Multifunction Integrated Optic Circuit (MIOC) design utilizing thin-film lithium niobate, surpassing traditional bulk waveguide-based MIOCs in terms of size, half-wave voltage requirements, and integration capabilities. By implementing a sub-wavelength grating structure, we achieve a Polarization Extinction Ratio (PER) exceeding 29 dB. Furthermore, our electrode design facilitates a voltage-length product (VπL) below 2 V·cm, while a double-tapered coupling structure significantly reduces insertion loss. This advancement provides a pivotal direction for the miniaturization and integration of optical gyroscopes, marking a substantial contribution to the field.

  • 1
• Moving Mirror Speed Compound Control of the Fourier Transform Spectrometer Based on T-method

  HUANG Ying, DUAN Juan, GUO Qian, DING Lei, HUA Jian-Wen

  Abstract: (49) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  The Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) is a precision infrared detection instrument. It adopts Michelson interference splitting, and the moving mirror is one of the core components. The uniformity and stability of the moving mirror’s speed directly affect the quality of the subsequent interferogram, so it is necessary to carry out high-precision motion control of the moving mirror. For some FTS with moving mirror in low-speed motion, the traditional M-method can no longer meet the requirements of speed measurement accuracy. In addition, when the moving mirror moves at a low speed, the speed stability is more easily affected by external mechanical disturbance. Based on the stability requirement of the low-speed moving mirror, this paper studies the motion control of the moving mirror based on the T-method measuring speed. It proposes a high-precision algorithm to obtain the measured and expected value of the velocity. By establishing the mathematical model and dynamic equation of the controlled object, the speed feedforward input is obtained, and then the compound speed controller based on the feedforward control is designed. The control algorithm is implemented by the FPGA hardware platform and applied to the FTS. The experimental results show that the error of the peak-to-peak velocity is 0.0182, and the error of the root mean square (RMS) velocity is 0.0027. To test the anti-interference ability of the moving mirror speed control system, 5mg sine excitation force is applied in the motion direction of the moving mirror on the FTS for frequency-fixed scanning. The frequency range is 2-200Hz. The experimental results show that under the excitation, the maximum error of the peak-to-peak velocity is 0.0679, and the maximum error of the RMS velocity is 0.0205. The speed stability of the moving mirror can still meet the performance requirements of the FTS. This design provides a technical means for realizing the speed control of the moving mirror with low speed and high stability. Also it makes the FTS have wider applications.

  • 1
• Aircraft contrail detection based on satellite-borne hyperspectral images

  XIE Shu-Xin, LI Peng-Fei, ZHAO Si-Wei, LIAN Xiao-Ying, SUN De-Xin

  Abstract: (82) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Existing methods for detecting aircraft contrails primarily relied on the radiance or temperature differences between specific channels in multispectral images. However, they did not fully exploit the potential of spectral features. The advancement of satellite-borne hyperspectral imaging technology has provided a new data foundation for aircraft contrail detection. This study explored a detection algorithm for potential aircraft contrails using shortwave infrared hyperspectral images from the GF-5 AHSI. A spatial-spectral feature extraction method was proposed, which leveraged the complementary nature of spatial and spectral information in hyperspectral images. The method achieved an accuracy of over 97% and a false alarm rate of less than 2% on GF-5 hyperspectral image data. This work offers valuable insights for future research.

  • 1
• Bound States in the Continuum for Encoded Imaging

  HOU Shuai-Xing, YANG Si-Jia

  Abstract: (113) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Artificial structures known as metasurfaces are used extensively to control the propagation, phase, amplitude, and polarization of light by finely adjusting the characteristics of electromagnetic waves on a sub-wavelength scale. In this work, we suggest a Bound States in the Continuum (BIC) structure based on a metallic metasurface. We were able to achieve a notable BIC peak at a frequency of 0.8217 terahertz (THz) by carefully modifying the metallic structures utilizing CST and COMSOL tools.We discovered through multi-level expansion analysis that the electric dipole (ED) is primarily responsible for this structure's resonant characteristic. We created and put into operation an image system that operates at 0.8217 THz by utilizing the features of BIC. According to experimental data, the imaging system offers outstanding sensitivity and resolution, indicating great promise for terahertz imaging. In addition to offering fresh concepts for the creation of metasurface-based BIC structures, our research gives useful references for the advancement of high-performance terahertz imaging technologies.

  • 1
• Cavity-enhance absorption spectroscopy for the measurement of Oxygen concentration

  SONG Jun-Ling, RAO Wei, WANG Lin-Yan, ZHU Xiao-Hui, WANG Dian-Kai, FENG Gao-Ping

  Abstract: (38) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  A high-performance oxygen detection system enables real-time online monitoring of critical parameters such as oxygen concentration and flow velocity within the engine, ensuring optimal operational efficiency. In flow field tests for engines such as scramjet and aviation engines, the complex environment characterized by high temperatures, pressures, and velocities, along with limited measurement space, poses significant challenges for accurate flow field diagnostics. To address these challenges, a device for measuring oxygen component concentration based on cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) was developed. The device features an embedded optical probe design and incorporates multi-directional adjustment mechanisms at both the transmitting and receiving ends to facilitate precise optical path alignment, enhancing its applicability in engineering experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that, in a static environment, the measured oxygen concentration was 20.846?0.97%.. In shock tube experiments, the system successfully captured three distinct states: before the arrival of the incident shock wave, after the passage of the incident shock wave but before the reflected shock wave arrived, and after the passage of the reflected shock wave. The measured oxygen concentration data were consistent with theoretical predictions.

  • 1
• Silicon valley photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder thermo -optic modulator

  ZHANG Xin-Yan, LIN Han, FEI Hong-Ming

  Abstract: (70) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Thermo-optic modulators are key components of optical communication systems, and their performance directly affects system efficiency. With the development of silicon optothermonic technology, silicon thermo-optic modulators have been widely used in optothermonic chips. Conventional silicon optical modulators are large in size and have high losses. In recent years, researchers have proposed to use the slow light effect of photonic crystals to reduce the footprint of modulators. Related studies have shown that these devices have advantages, such as small size and low driving voltage. However, the optical transmittance of thermo-optic modulators based on photonic crystals is still affected by defects caused by fabrication errors. Valley photonic crystal optical waveguides can achieve scattering-immune high-efficiency unidirectional transmission, providing a new venue for realizing high-performance photonic devices. In this paper, a new silicon thermo-optic modulator based on a valley photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is designed. The electrical heating mechanism is introduced on one of the waveguides of the MZI. The thermo-optic effect modulates the refractive index to achieve precise phase modulation of the transmitted light. The thermo-optic modulator device has a small footprint of only 9.26 μm × 7.99 μm, which can achieve a high forward transmittance of 0.91, an insertion loss of 0.41 dB, and a modulation contrast of 11.75 dB. It can also be experimentally fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, so it will have broad application prospects. This modulation principle can be widely used in designing different thermo-optic modulation devices.

  • 1
• Study of Dual-Frequency-Band Millimeter-Wave Extended Interaction Klystron Based on Dual-2π Mode

  XU Che, LU Jia-Ni, TANG Yong-Liang, TANG Xian-Feng

  Abstract: (64) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  This paper proposes a novel dual-frequency-band millimeter-wave extended interaction klystron amplifier (EIKA). It is primarily based on the multimode operating mechanism of dual-2π mode. This design integrates a broadband traveling-standing-wave mode input cavity with a dual-2π standing-wave mode output cavity, resulting in a compact slow-wave structure design that efficiently operates within a total circuit length of approximately 24 mm. Particle-in-cell simulation results reveal that under a 15.6 kV, 1 A electron beam and a uniform 0.6 T magnetic field, the device achieves output power for 183-1024 W across a broadly 1.20 GHz bandwidth, spanning 93.76-94.96 GHz. Remarkably, it facilitates dual-band output in both lower-2π and upper-2π bands, delivering maximum gains of 37.09 dB (1024.10 W at 93.90 GHz) and 35.75 dB (752.20 W at 94.84 GHz), with -3 dB bandwidths of 0.33 GHz and 0.20 GHz, respectively. The effectiveness for the dual-2π mode design is further confirmed through a cold-test experiment using the perturbation method. This experiment demonstrated typical dual-2π mode field distribution profiles, affirming the design's efficacy.

  • 1
• Broadband high-extinction-ratio nonvolatile optical switch based on phase change material

  LIANG Kai, YUE Wen-Cheng, XU Fan, ZHU Qian-Nan, ZHANG Jian-Min, WANG Shu-Xiao, CAI Yan

  Abstract: (88) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  In this paper, we present a broadband, high-extinction-ratio, nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical switch based on the phase change material Sb2Se3. The insertion loss (IL) is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio (ER) reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm. Within the 3 dB bandwidth, the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states, respectively. The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb2Se3 is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ, respectively. The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.

  • 1
• Research progress of active metasurface for intelligent radar stealth

  WANG Dong-Shu, LIU Tong-Hao, WANG Liu-Ying, LIU Gu, CHENG Hai-Qing, CHENG Meng-Zhong, GE Chao-Qun, WANG Long, WANG Bing, XU Ke-Jun

  Abstract: (89) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  The new active metasurface has the advantages of small size, light weight and easy integration, so it has an important application prospect in weapon radar intelligent stealth. Based on this, focusing on the requirements of radar intelligent stealth for current weapons and equipment, this paper expounds the methods, approaches and performance advantages of active metasurface in electromagnetic wave regulation, reviews the development history of various active metasurface, and summarizes the research status and future development direction of active metasurface for radar intelligent stealth. It provides the relevant theoretical basis and design reference for the wide application of active metasurface in intelligent stealth of weapon equipment radar.

  • 1
• Effect of Extrinsic resistances on Noise performance for Deep Submicron MOSFET

  GAO HANQI, Jin Jing, Zhou JianJun

  Abstract: (66) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  This paper investigates the impact of extrinsic resistances on the noise performance of deep submicron MOSFETs using the noise correlation matrix method. Analytical closed-form expressions for calculating the four noise parameters are derived based on the small-signal and noise-equivalent circuit models. The results show strong agreement between simulated and experimental data for MOSFETs with a gate length of 40 nm and dimensions of 4×5 μm (number of gate fingers × unit gate width).

  • 1
• Anisotropic Tetratellurium-Iridium-Nibium Terahertz Detector

  Liu Yuan, Yang Si-Jia, XU Yong-Jiang, SHEN Yun, DENG Xiao-Hua

  Abstract: (109) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Topological semimetal materials have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive electronic structures and unique properties. They serve as a foundation for exploring various physical phenomena, including the anomalous Hall effect, topological phase transitions, and negative magnetoresistance, while also offering potential solutions to the "THz Gap." This study focuses on the type-II Weyl semimetal tetratellurium iridium niobium (NbIrTe4) terahertz detector, which exhibits a responsivity of 4.36 A/W, a noise equivalent power of 12.34 pW/Hz1/2, and an anisotropic resistance ratio of 32 at room temperature. This research paves the way for achieving high-performance terahertz detection at room temperature and serves as a reference for investigating the Weyl semimetal.

  • 1
• Strongly Coupled Electro-optical Tunable 780 nm Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Laser Source

  Xue Kai, RONG Jia-Min, XING Guo-Hui, XUE Jun-Jie, LIU Wen-Yao, ZHOU Yan-Ru, XING En-Bo, TANG Jun, LIU Jun

  Abstract: (106) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Highly matched and precisely locked to the absorption lines of rubidium (Rb) atoms, 780 nm lasers play a crucial role in fields such as quantum computing, precision measurements, and high-sensitivity sensing, with clear requirements for strong coherence and fast tunability. In this paper, based on the self-injection locking and ultra-high quality factor Whispering gallery mode (WGM) cavity, a 780 nm narrow linewidth (23.8kHz) tunable laser with a single longitudinal mode output is verified. More importantly, benefiting from the optimized combined coupling coefficient K and via the lithium niobate electro-optic effect, the laser frequency detuning is effectively improved, with the experimental tuning range reaching 110 pm and the tuning efficiency of 6.4 pm/V. This work provides a high-performance design solution for fast-tunable narrow-linewidth lasers for applications in the near-infrared range, which is expected to play an essential role in the future.

  • 1
• The Investigation of Concentrated Triple-Junction Solar Cells Based on InGaAsP

  ZHANG Jicheng, GUAN Weiwei, SUN Qiangjian

  Abstract: (97) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  The InGaAsP material with an energy bandgap of 1.05 eV was grown on InP substrates by all-solid-state Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique. The material had no mismatch dislocations between the substrate and the epitaxial layer, and also exhibited high interface quality and luminescent quality. Based on InGaAsP material, single-junction InGaAsP solar cells were grown on InP substrates, and GaInP/GaAs dual-junction solar cells were grown on GaAs substrates. These two separate cells were then bonded together using wafer bonding technology to fabricate a GaInP/GaAs/InGaAsP triple-junction solar cell. Under the AM1.5G solar simulator, the conversion efficiency of the GaInP/GaAs/InGaAsP wafer-bonded solar cell is 30.6%, achieving an efficiency of 34% under concentration. The results indicate that MBE can produce high-quality InGaAsP material, and room-temperature wafer bonding technology holds great potential for the fabrication of multi-junction solar cells.

  • 1
• Research on the Metrological Calibration Technology Scheme of Brightness Temperature for the Space-borne Microwave Radiometer Calibration Target

  GAO Qing-Song, LI De-Tian, TAO Yuan, YANG Lei, ZHANG Hu-Zhong, MA Dong-Tao, PENG Miao-Miao, JIN Ming, GUO Qiang, JIANG Shi-Chen, LI Yi-Nan, CHENG Chun-Yue, LI Xue

  Abstract: (101) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  This paper addresses the application requirements for the brightness temperature calibration of the hot calibration target for spaceborne microwave radiometers. Based on the temperature gradient characteristics of the absorbing coating of the calibration target and the mechanism of brightness temperature deviation, combined with practical temperature measurement methods and experimental means, a brightness temperature metrological calibration technology solution applicable for in-orbit use is studied. Given the current background of high emissivity design and determination technology of the calibration target being basically perfected, the paper focuses on summarizing the methods for determining the temperature gradient characteristics of the calibration target coating. The goal is to construct an in-orbit available brightness temperature calibration method that uses multiple parameters, such as the temperature measurements of the metal inner cone of the calibration target and the temperature measurements near the radiation aperture of the calibration target. Based on feasible electromagnetic simulation technology, thermal simulation technology, platinum resistance and infrared temperature measurement techniques, the paper preliminarily summarizes the implementation path of the brightness temperature calibration technology system for spaceborne calibration targets. This involves first constructing a basic brightness temperature calibration model considering uniform background brightness temperature and improving the mapping relationship from the inner cone temperature of the calibration target and the equivalent background brightness temperature to the longitudinal temperature gradient of the coating. Subsequently, an application model for brightness temperature calibration considering the installation environment is constructed, improving the mapping relationship from the temperature measurements of the inner cone and the radiation aperture area of the calibration target to the brightness temperature deviation of the calibration target. Finally, the validation and application of the brightness temperature calibration model are discussed.This work serves as an important technical basis and reference for further improving the accuracy of the calibration target's brightness temperature and even developing space microwave radiometric measurement benchmarks.

  • 1
• Review on infrared polarization image fusion methods

  zhengjinjiang, LI Xiao-Xia, ZHAO Da-Peng, CHEN Yi, WU Meng-Xing

  Abstract: (118) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Infrared polarization image fusion can fully utilize the polarization information of the scene, compensate for the disadvantage of infrared intensity images in describing high-frequency information such as scene contour edges and texture details, and has unique advantages in target detection and recognition, background noise suppression, and counter camouflage. The article summarized the research progress of infrared polarization image fusion technology from two aspects: single algorithm image fusion and multi-algorithm combination image fusion. It analyzed the design ideas of typical algorithms and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm. Based on the current trend where single algorithm serves as the mainstream and multi-algorithm combination as the development trend for infrared polarization image fusion, this paper anticipates its potential future development direction.

  • 1
• Lightweight Remote Sensing Multimodal Large Language Model Based on Knowledge Distillation

  ZHANG Xin-Yue, FENG Shi-Yang, WANG Bin

  Abstract: (278) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB) (0)

  Abstract:

  Remote sensing multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate rich visual-linguistic modal information, have shown great potential in areas such as remote sensing image analysis and interpretation. However, existing knowledge distillation methods primarily focus on the compression of unimodal large language models, neglecting the alignment of features across modalities, thus hindering the performance of large language models in cross-modal tasks. To address this issue, a lightweighting method for remote sensing MLLMs based on knowledge distillation is proposed. This method achieves effective alignment of multimodal information by aligning the outputs across modalities at the feature level. By introducing the reverse Kullback-Leibler divergence as the loss function and combining optimization strategies such as teacher mixed sampling and single-step decomposition, the generalization and stability of the student model are further enhanced. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy and efficiency in four downstream tasks of remote sensing image scene classification, visual question answering, visual localization, and image description, significantly reducing the number of model parameters and the demand for computational resources, thereby providing a new solution for the efficient application of MLLMs in the field of remote sensing.

  • 1

Volume 44,2025 Issue 3

• SEGMENTATION BASED ON MUMFORD-SHAH MODEL COMBINED WITH NARROW BAND

  Abstract

  2002,21(3):161-166

  Abstract: (2631) HTML (123) PDF (392.26 KKB)(93237)

  Abstract:

  A segmentation model that combines the Mumford Shah(M S) model and narrow band scheme of level set was presented. The disadvantage of Mumford Shah model is computationally time consuming. In each step of its iteration, the data of whole image have to be renewed, which is unbearable for segmentation of large image or 3D image. Therefore, a fast segmentation model was introduce, which combines the M S model and narrow band scheme by a new initialization method. The new initialization method is based on fast marching method, and the computing time decreases to O(N) . In each step of iteration, the new segmentation model only deals with the data in a narrow band instead of the whole image. The experiments show that the two models can obtain almost the same segmentation result, but the computing time of new narrow band M S model is much less than that of M S model.

• TWO-FREQUENCY SCATTERING CROSS SECTION AND PULSE BROADINGENING FOR THE FRACTAL SEA SURFACE WITH PULSE BEAM INCIDENCE

  GUO Li Xin 1) KIM Che Young 2)

  2003,22(2):132-136

  Abstract: (1163) HTML (132) PDF (396.69 KKB)(71184)

  Abstract:

  根据粗糙面基尔霍夫小斜率近似研究了脉冲波入射时实际海谱分布的一维分形海面的电磁散射。分析了毫米波入射时不同分维、入射角和入射中心频率下双频散射截面的散射角分布。结果表明分形海面的双频散射截面在镜反射方向有最大的相关带宽，随着海面分维的减小、入射中心频率和入射角的增加，该相关带宽是增大的。对于入射功率为δ函数时的散射波功率是一个具有一定脉冲展宽的散射脉冲，且脉冲展宽与相关带宽成反比关系。

• LOW-TEMPERATURE RAMAN SCATTERING SPECTRA AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Cd_1-xZn_xTe(x=0.04) OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS

  PEI Hui-Yuan

  2001,20(3):184-188

  Abstract: (1862) HTML (139) PDF (262.82 KKB)(55136)

  Abstract:

  测量了几种不同处理的Cd1-xZnxTe(x=0.04)表面的傅里叶变换拉曼散射光谱和电流－电压（I－V）特性。通过分析拉曼光谱反Stokes分量，并与表面I－V特性进行比较，结果表明与表面处理相联系的晶格声子的行为反映了表面完整性的变化，Te沉淀是影响表面质量的关键因素，并对有关表面处理方法的实际应用进行了讨论。

• OPTICAL SPECTRA OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS

  FuY ChiragwandiZ GoethbergP WillanderM

  2003,22(6):401-405

  Abstract: (1209) HTML (128) PDF (483.11 KKB)(35241)

  Abstract:

  We have studied the optical spectra of low-dimensional semiconductor systems by calculating all possible optical transitions between electronic states. Optical absorption and emission have been obtained under different carrier population conditions and in different photon wavelengths. The line-shapes of the peaks in the optical spectrum are determined by the density of electronic states of the system, and the symmetries and intensities of these peaks can be improved by reducing the dimensionality of the system. Optical gain requires in general a population inversion, whereas for a quantum-dot system, there exists a threshold value of the population inversion.

• OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PbTiO3 THIN FILMS PREPARED BY A MODIFIED SOL-GEL PROCESSING

  HU Zhi Gao WANG Gen Shui HUANG Zhi Ming CHU Jun Hao

  2002,21(3):175-179

  Abstract: (7955) HTML (465) PDF (411.06 KKB)(22504)

  Abstract:

  采用溶胶－凝胶法在石英玻璃衬底上制备出均匀透明的无定形PbTiO3薄膜，并对其 光学性质进行了详细的研究，发现其折射率的波形符合经典的Cauchy函数。由半导体理论计算得到无定形的PbTiO3薄膜的光学禁带宽度为3．84eV.FTIR透射光 谱研究表明无定形PbTiO3薄膜在中红外波段没有吸收峰出现，对于在550℃下 快速热退火得到的PbTiO3薄膜，通过远红外反射光谱测量，观察到了6个约外活性声子膜。

Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices

• Graphene oxide: progress in preparation, reduction and application

  ZHANG Qian, TANG Li-Bin, LI Ru-Jie, XIANG Jin-Zhong, HUANG Qiang, LIU Shu-Ping

  2019,38(1):79-90 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2019.01.014

  Abstract: (3746) HTML (215) PDF (4.42 MKB)(18851)

  Abstract:

  With the rapid development of graphene industry, graphene oxide has attracted much attention as an important intermediate product for the preparation of graphene. Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, it has been widely used in multitudinous fields. Various structural models, preparation methods, properties and related applications, as well as the reduction of graphene oxide are summarized. The choice of oxidants and reduction agents were found to be important in the reaction. The basic selective principles are discussed after comparing various methods. Finally, it is pointed out that there are still some problems to be solved in the preparation and reduction of graphene oxide. The prospect of graphene oxide on its development and influence will also be evaluated.

• A NOVEL NEURAL NETWORK LEARNING METHOD OF DYNAMICALLY TUNING REGULARIZATION COEFFICIENT ACCORDINT TO FUZZY RULES

  WU Yan 1), 2) ZHANG Li Ming 2)

  2002,21(3):189-194

  Abstract: (1586) HTML (94) PDF (450.58 KKB)(18203)

  Abstract:

  Based on bias variance model, a novel method of dynamically tuning the regularization coefficient by fuzzy rules inference was proposed. The fuzzy inference rules and membership functions were effectively determined. Furthermore, the method was compared with the traditional BP algorithm and fixed regularization coefficien's method. The result is that the proposed method has the merits of the highest precision, rapid convergence and best generalization capacity. The capacity proposed method is shown to be a very effective method by several examples simulation.

Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices

• Research progress of ultra-broadband photodetectors

  LIU Yu, LIN Zhi-Cheng, WANG Peng-Fei, HUANG Feng, SUN Jia-Lin

  2023,42(2):169-187 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2023.02.005

  Abstract: (1912) HTML (1279) PDF (2.06 MKB)(17586)

  Abstract:

  Photodetectors play a key role in many applications， such as remote sensing， night vision， reconnaissance， medical imaging， thermal imaging， and chemical detection. With the increasing complexity of photoelectric detection tasks， photodetectors working in different bands are gradually integrated into broad spectral detection for the same scene. Limited by the volume and task module of the integrated system， conventional broad spectral detection tasks often require multiple detectors working in different bands to perform together， which greatly increases the complexity of detection system. Therefore， photodetector enabling to response ultra-broadband radiation （UV-vis-IR-THz） has gradually become a subject of great interest in recent years. However， there have been no reports on the review of ultra-broadband photodetectors so far. Hence， this review systematically summarizes the research progresses of ultra-broadband photodetectors in the past ten years. The factors affecting the response performance of photodetectors and the main types of common photodetectors are described first， and then the research progress， development status and challenges are reviewed and suggestions about the future research directions of ultra-broadband photodetectors are also provided.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Research progress and challenges of copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells

  TAO Jia-Hua, CHU Jun-Hao

  2022,41(2):395-412 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.02.004

  Abstract: (1240) HTML (1153) PDF (6.05 MKB)(17335)

  Abstract:

  The industrialization of copper indium gallium selenide （Cu（In，Ga）Se₂， CIGS） solar cells has attracted worldwide attention. As a thin film solar cell with high conversion efficiency， its efficiency can be compared with that of crystalline silicon solar cell， and the highest efficiency reaches 23.35% at present. For small-area laboratory solar cells， the main research focus is to accurately control the stoichiometric ratio and efficiency of absorption layer. For industrial production， besides stoichiometric ratio and efficiency， cost， reproducibility， output and process compatibility are very important in commercial production. The research progress of different preparation processes， gradient control of absorption layer composition， post-deposition treatment of alkali metal， wide band gap cadmium-free buffer layer， transparent conductive layer and flexible substrate were reviewed. From the perspective of the efficiency of CIGS solar cells， the transfer of record-breaking high-efficiency solar cell technology in the laboratory to the average industrial production level brings obvious challenges.

Infrared Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Technology

• DETECTING THE MELAMINE OF PURE MILK BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA

  XU Yun, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Jing-Zhu, ZHANG Xiao-Chao

  2010,29(1):53-56

  Abstract: (10792) HTML (415) PDF (221.64 KKB)(16515)

  Abstract:

  NIRS was used in rapid qualitative and quantitative detection for melamine of pure milk in this paper. Experiment was conducted by preparing two groups pure milk samples which melamine content is different for qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. By combining NIRS technology with the cluster analysis method, A effective classification can be made on the two kinds of milk samples with and without melamine; To achieve this, spectrum pretreatment and wave length choice methods were employed before model optimization. The results showed that NIR models of predicting melamine content in pure milk has good stability and predictive ability.This paper suggested that NIR could be used as a quick, green and convenient method for predicting melamine content of dairy.

40th Years

• Recent hotspots and innovative trends of infrared photon detectors

  YE Zhen-Hua, LI Hui-Hao, WANG Jin-Dong, CHEN Xing, SUN Chang-Hong, LIAO Qing-Jun, HUANG Ai-Bo, LI Hui, ZHOU Song-Min, LIN Jia-Mu, PAN Jian-Zhen, WANG Chen-Fei, CHEN Hong-Lei, CHEN Lu, WEI Yan-Feng, LIN Chun, HU Xiao-Ning, DING Rui-Jun, CHEN Jian-Xin, HE Li

  2022,41(1):15-39 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.01.001

  Abstract: (3641) HTML (4211) PDF (7.46 MKB)(16417)

  Abstract:

  Infrared photon detection technology usually works in the passive sensing mode and contains the advantages of long acting-distance， good anti-interference， excellent penetration of smoke and haze， and all-day operation， which has been widely used in space remote sensing， military equipment， astronomical detection and other aspects. So far， the second-generation and the third-generation infrared photon detectors have been deployed widely. The high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors have been gradually promoted to practical application. The fourth generation and more forward-looking research including new concept， new technology， and new device has been proposed. This paper focuses on the research status of infrared technology at home and abroad， emphatically introducing the hotspots and development trends of infrared photon detectors. Firstly， the concept of SWaP³ is introduced due to tactical ubiquity and strategic high performance. Secondly， the high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors with ultra-high spatial resolution， ultra-high energy resolution， ultra-high time resolution and ultra-high spectral resolution are reviewed. Technical characteristics and implementation methods of ultimate-performance infrared detectors are analyzed. Then， the fourth-generation infrared photon detector based on the artificial micro-structure is discussed. The realization approaches and technical challenges of multi-dimensional information fusion such as polarization， spectrum and phase are mainly introduced. Lastly， highly innovative trends of future detectors are discussed according to upgradation from on-chip digitization to on-chip intelligence.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56
  • 57
  • 58
  • 59
  • 60
  • 61
  • 62
  • 63
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
  • 67
  • 68
  • 69
  • 70
  • 71
  • 72
  • 73
  • 74

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• INFRARED OBJECT TRACKING BASED ON PARTICLE FILTERS

  CHENG Jian, ZHOU Yue, CAI Nian, YANG Jie

  2006,25(2):113-117

  Abstract: (7458) HTML (402) PDF (271.63 KKB)(16002)

  Abstract:

  The particle filter is an effective technique for the state estimation in non-linear and non-Gaussian dynamic systems. A novel method for infrared object robust tracking based on particle filters was proposed. Under the theory framework of particle filters, the posterior distribution of the infrared object is approximated by a set of weighted samples, while infrared object tracking is implemented by the Bayesian propagation of the sample set. The state transition model is chosen as the simple second-order auto-regressive model, and the system noise variance is adaptively determined in infrared object tracking. Infrared objects are represented by the intensity distribution, which is defined by the kernel-based density estimation. By calculating the Bhattacharyya distance between the object reference distribution and the object sample distribution, the observation probability model is constructed. Experimental results show that our method is effective and steady.

Remote Sensing Technology and Application

• A method for fire detection using Landsat 8 data

  HE Yang, YANG Jin, MA Yong, LIU Jian-Bo, CHEN Fu, LI Xin-Peng, YANG Yi-Fei

  2016,35(5):600-609 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2016.05.015

  Abstract: (4123) HTML (239) PDF (5.05 MKB)(15299)

  Abstract:

  Traditional fire detection methods use the high temperature emission characteristics in mid or thermal infrared bands of the MODIS or AVHRR data to extract burning area. It is very hard for these methods to identify small fire regions such as sub-pixel due to the limitation of spatial resolution. Recently researchers have found that shortwave infrared (SWIR) data can also be used to identify and detect high temperature targets. Compared with the thermal infrared data, SWIR has a big discrimination against different features with different temperature. Thus it can identify accurately the location of high temperature targets. In this paper, we acquired fire point products by using Landsat-8 OLI data which has spatial resolution up to 30 m. The main procedure includes two steps. The improved Normalized Burning Ratio Short-wave(NBRS) is calculated at first to adaptively acquire suspected fire points based on the spectral characteristics of fire points in the near infrared and shortwave infrared. Then most false positive points are excluded based on the relationship between peak value in shortwave infrared band of fire points. This algorithm is capable of detecting the burning area around 10% in one pixel. With the premise of avoiding the interference of cloud and constructions, it can also keep a nearly 90% accuracy and low missing rate around 10%.

• SURFACE COMPONENT CHANGE OF Hg0.8Cd0.2Te INDUCED BY HIGH POWER PULSED TEA-CO2 LASER

  CAI Hu, CHENG Zu-Hai, ZHU Hai-Hong, ZUO Du-Luo

  2006,25(3):165-169

  Abstract: (1068) HTML (109) PDF (434.30 KKB)(15228)

  Abstract:

  利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对TEA-CO2强激光脉冲辐照的Hg0.8Cd0.2Te晶片表面进行了观察,并利用电镜自带的能谱分析仪对其表面进行了成分分析.在单脉冲能量为1.91J,峰值功率密度为2.63×107W/cm2的脉冲CO2激光辐照下,晶片表面呈现出熔融迹象,且晶片表面的化学组分比发生明显的变化.理论与实验研究结果表明激光急速加热使晶体表面的Hg-Te键破坏,从而导致Hg损失,而Hg损失程度与热作用过程的时间有关.随着脉冲作用次数的增加,多脉冲的连续作用使Hg损失加剧,晶片表面成分变化更加突出.

40th Years

• Applications and recent development of radiative cooling materials

  SUN Xiao-Jie, GAO Meng-Yu, ZHENG Yu-Xiang, ZHANG Rong-Jun, WANG Song-You, LI Jing, CHEN Liang-Yao

  2022,41(1):230-247 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.01.017

  Abstract: (1791) HTML (1907) PDF (5.32 MKB)(15097)

  Abstract:

  Radiative cooling has been a hotspot for scientific research recently. As a passive cooling method， it uses outer space as heat sink， and has the advantage of low or even zero energy consumption. It has high potential in many applications such as building air conditioning， solar cell cooling， comfortable clothing， etc. This paper briefly reviews the development history and principles of radiative cooling， systematically introduces the structures and materials of radiative cooling， summarizes the design， preparation and characterization methods of radiative cooling materials， and also summarizes relevant application fields. The future of radiative cooling materials and technology is proposed at the end of this paper.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• METHOD OF SCATTERING CENTER ESTIMATION BY RADAR TARGET FREQUENCY RESPONSE DATA IN CLUTTER ENVIRONMENT

  JIANG Wei Dong CHEN Zen Ping ZHUANG Zhao Wen GUO Gui Rong

  2001,20(2):111-116

  Abstract: (1018) HTML (103) PDF (331.55 KKB)(14662)

  Abstract:

  The simulation methods of radar clutter with given amplitude distribution and power spectrum were described, and the simulation results of radar clutter were given. A scattering center model of frequency domain of radar target was presented under the clutter environment and its solution method was studied. Finally, the experimental results of simulation data and the measurement data of aircraft scale model were given.

• IMAGE FUSION SCHEME OF PIXEL-LEVEL AND MULTI-OPERATOR FOR INFRARED AND VISIBLE LIGHT IMAGES

  LIU Gui Xi YANG Wan Hai

  2001,20(3):207-210

  Abstract: (1437) HTML (111) PDF (196.71 KKB)(14262)

  Abstract:

  A novel pixel level image fusion scheme was presented based on multiscale decompositon. First, the wavelet transform is used to perform a multiscale decomposition of each image. Then, the wavelet coefficients of fused image are constructed using multiple operators according to different fusion rules. This approach is successfully used to fuse the infrared and visible light images. The experimental results show that the fusion scheme is effective and the fused images are more suitable for human visual or machine perception.

• HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

  TAN Kun, DU Pei-Jun

  2008,27(2):123-128

  Abstract: (3125) HTML (936) PDF (735.00 KKB)(14037)

  Abstract:

  多数传统分类算法应用于高光谱分类都存在运算速度慢、精度比较低和难以收敛等问题.本文从支持向量机基本理论出发建立了一个基于支持向量机的高光谱分类器,并用国产OMIS传感器获得的北京中关村地区高光谱遥感数据进行试验,分析比较了各种SVM核函数进行高光谱分类的精度,以及网格搜寻的方法来确定C和愕闹?结果表明SVM进行高光谱分类时候径向基核函数的分类精度最高,是分类的首选.并且与神经网络径向基分类算法以及常用的最小距离分类算法进行比较,分类的精度远远高于SVM分类算法进行分类的结果.SVM方法在高光谱遥感分类领域能得到广泛的应用.

Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science

• IMAGE SEGMENTATION BY SPECTRAL CLUSTERING ALGORITHM WITH SPATIAL COHERENCE CONSTRAINTS

  JIA Jian-Hua, JIAO Li-Cheng

  2010,29(1):69-74

  Abstract: (11714) HTML (387) PDF (808.83 KKB)(13457)

  Abstract:

  Image segmentation is one of the difficult problems in computer vision research. Recently spectral clustering has a wide application in pattern recognition and image segmentation. Compared with traditional clustering methods, it can cluster samples in any form feature space and has a global optimal solution. Originating from the equivalence between the spectral clustering and weighted kernel K-means, the authors proposed a spectral clustering algorithm with spatial constraints based on the spatially coherent property of images, also named continuous property. The spatially coherent property means that pixels in the neighbor region should share the same label assignment with the centre one with a high probability. The algorithm adds a term of spatial constraints to the objective function of weighted kernel K-means and makes the minimization of the objective function be equivalent to the spectral clustering through approximation. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional spectral clustering in image segmentation.