Volume 44,2025 Issue 1

Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices

• Research on highly sensitive infrared imaging detection technology based on linear avalanche device

  LIN Chang-Qing, ZHOU Shuang-Xi, LI Lu-Fang, LIU Gao-Rui, SUN Hai-Bin, ZHANG Yu, LIN Jia-Mu, SUN Sheng-Li

  2025,44(1):1-10 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.001

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.21 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  With the development of space remote sensing technology， the requirements for the detection sensitivity of infrared systems are continuously increasing. The infrared imaging detection technology based on linear avalanche device can effectively improve the detection sensitivity in high frame frequency applications. Based on the short-wave infrared linear avalanche detector assembly of 512×512， a small-aperture and lightweight infrared imaging system is designed and its performance is tested under low reverse bias. The test results show that the increase of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the imaging system based on the linear avalanche infrared detector is basically linear with the multiplication factor M under short integration time， and the SNR of the system is 3 times that of the traditional camera with the same aperture.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56
  • 57
  • 58
  • 59
  • 60
  • 61
  • 62
  • 63
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
  • 67
  • 68
  • 69
  • 70
  • 71
  • 72
  • 73
  • 74
  • 75
  • 76
  • 77
  • 78
  • 79
  • 80
  • 81
  • 82
  • 83
  • 84

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Dual-band narrowband thermal emitter designed based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm

  QIU Qian-Li, ZHANG Jin-Guo, ZHOU Dong-Jie, TAN Chong, SUN Yan, HAO Jia-Ming, DAI Ning

  2025,44(1):11-16 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.002

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.06 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  Dual-band thermal emitters with narrow bandwidths have important applications potential in many fields such as infrared sensing，encryption and detection.This emitter can provide concentrated. However，the conditions for construing narrowband emission in different wavelband usually conflict with each other， making it difficult to achieve dual-band narrowband thermal emitters. In this paper， a new type of lithography-free infrared dual-band thermal emitter is proposed， which consists of alternately deposited Ge and YbF₃ films on Al films. The narrowband emission characteristics stem from the Tamm plasmon polaritons （TPPs） that can be excited by the distributed Bragg reflector and the Al substrate under certain conditions. The geometric parameters are optimized using multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental results confirm that dual-band emitter can simultaneously exhibit narrowband emitter characteristics in both mid-wave infrared （MWIR） and long-wave infrared （LWIR） regions. The proposed method can be used in the design of multi-band emission modulation devices， which can be applied to the fields of multi-gas sensing and multi-band infrared camouflage.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Measurement of emissivity with a new grey body and novel IR thermal sensor dubbed TMOS

  Avraham Moshe, Bouscher Shlomi, Nemirovsky Jonathan, Nemirovsky Yael

  2025,44(1):17-24 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.003

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.62 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago. Nevertheless， emissivity is an elusive concept even for experts. It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers. The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial， medical， and environmental uses. One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured. In real experiments， emissivity may be influenced by many factors： surface texture， spectral properties， oxidation， and aging of surfaces. While commercial blackbodies are prevalent， the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity， are unavailable. This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody， a perforated screen， and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor， 18 dubbed TMOS. The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product， it requires low power， and it has a small form factor. The methodology is based on two-color measurements， with two different optical filters， with selected wavelengths conforming to the grey body definition of the use case under study. With a photochemically etched perforated screen， the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation. The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations， which demonstrate the approach. Measured results are reported.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• The influence of V/III ratio on electron mobility of the InAs_xSb_1-x layers grown on GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy

  ZHANG Jing, YANG Zhi, ZHENG Li-Ming, ZHU Xiao-Juan, WANG Ping, YANG Lin

  2025,44(1):25-32 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.004

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.45 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  This paper discusses the influence of Sb/In ratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of the 200 nm InAs_xSb_1-x thin film. The Sb content of InAs_xSb_1-x thin film in all samples was verified by HRXRD of the symmetrical 004 reflections and asymmetrical 115 reflections. The calculation results show that the Sb component was 0.6 in the InAs_xSb_1-x thin film grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3， which has the highest electron mobility （28 560 cm²/V·s） at 300 K. At the same time， the influence of V/III ratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of Al_0.2In_0.8Sb/InAs_xSb_1-x quantum well heterostructures also has been investigated. As a result， the Al_0.2In_0.8Sb/InAs_0.4Sb_0.6 quantum well heterostructure with a channel thickness of 30 nm grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3 has a maximum electron mobility of 28 300 cm²/V·s and a minimum RMS roughness of 0.68 nm. Through optimizing the growth conditions， our samples have higher electron mobility and smoother surface morphology.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• A HgTe/ZnO quantum dots vertically stacked heterojunction low dark current photodetector

  HUANG Xin-Ning, JIANG Teng-Teng, DI Yun-Xiang, XIE Mao-Bin, GUO Tian-Le, LIU Jing-Jing, WU Bin-Min, SHI Jing-Mei, QIN Qiang, DENG Gong-Rong, CHEN Yan, LIN Tie, SHEN Hong, MENG Xiang-Jian, WANG Xu-Dong, CHU Jun-Hao, GE Jun, WANG Jian-Lu

  2025,44(1):33-39 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.005

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.47 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  Colloidal quantum dots （CQDs） are affected by the quantum confinement effect， which makes their bandgap tunable. This characteristic allows these materials to cover a broader infrared spectrum， providing a cost-effective alternative to traditional infrared detector technology. Recently， thanks to the solution processing properties of quantum dots and their ability to integrate with silicon-based readout circuits on a single chip， infrared detectors based on HgTe CQDs have shown great application prospects. However， facing the challenges of vertically stacked photovoltaic devices， such as barrier layer matching and film non-uniformity， most devices integrated with readout circuits still use a planar structure， which limits the efficiency of light absorption and the effective separation and collection of photo-generated carriers. Here， by synthesizing high-quality HgTe CQDs and precisely controlling the interface quality， we have successfully fabricated a photovoltaic detector based on HgTe and ZnO QDs. At a working temperature of 80 K， this detector achieved a low dark current of 5.23×10^-9 A cm^-2， a high rectification ratio， and satisfactory detection sensitivity. This work paves a new way for the vertical integration of HgTe CQDs on silicon-based readout circuits， demonstrating their great potential in the field of high-performance infrared detection.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Correlation between the whole small recess offset and electrical performance of InP-based HEMTs

  GONG Hang, ZHOU Fu-Gui, FENG Rui-Ze, FENG Zhi-Yu, LIU Tong, SHI Jing-Yuan, SU Yong-Bo, JIN Zhi

  2025,44(1):40-45 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.006

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.44 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  In this work， we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs）. L_g = 80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process. We focus on their DC and RF responses， including the maximum transconductance （g_{m_max}）， ON-resistance （R_ON）， current-gain cutoff frequency （f_T）， and maximum oscillation frequency （f_max）. The devices have almost same R_ON. The g_{m_max} improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source. However， a small gate to source capacitance （C_gs） and a small drain output conductance （g_ds） lead to the largest f_T， although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller g_{m_max}. According to the small-signal modeling， the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics， such as f_T = 372 GHz and f_max = 394 GHz. This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics， which play a key role in high-frequency response.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Visible to near-infrared photodetector based on organic semiconductor single crystal

  LI Xiang, HU Jin-Han, ZHONG Zhi-Peng, CHEN Yu-Zhong, WANG Zhi-Qiang, SONG Miao-Miao, WANG Yang, ZHANG Lei, LI Jian-Feng, HUANG Hai

  2025,44(1):46-52 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.007

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.24 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  Organic semiconductor materials have shown unique advantages in the development of optoelectronic devices due to their ease of preparation， low cost， lightweight， and flexibility. In this work， we explored the application of the organic semiconductor Y6-1O single crystal in photodetection devices. Firstly， Y6-1O single crystal material was prepared on a silicon substrate using solution droplet casting method. The optical properties of Y6-1O material were characterized by polarized optical microscopy， fluorescence spectroscopy， etc.， confirming its highly single crystalline performance and emission properties in the near-infrared region. Phototransistors based on Y6-1O materials with different thicknesses were then fabricated and tested. It was found that the devices exhibited good visible to near-infrared photoresponse， with the maximum photoresponse in the near-infrared region at 785 nm. The photocurrent on/off ratio reaches 10²， and photoresponsivity reaches 16 mA/W. It was also found that the spectral response of the device could be regulated by gate voltage as well as the material thickness， providing important conditions for optimizing the performance of near-infrared photodetectors. This study not only demonstrates the excellent performance of organic phototransistors based on Y6-1O single crystal material in near-infrared detection but also provides new ideas and directions for the future development of infrared detectors.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Semi-floating gate ferroelectric phototransistor optoelectronic integrated devices

  SHANG Jia-Le, CHEN Yan, YAN Hao-Ran, DI Yun-Xiang, HUANG Xin-Ning, LIN Tie, MENG Xiang-Jian, WANG Xu-Dong, CHU Jun-Hao, WANG Jian-Lu

  2025,44(1):53-59 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.008

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.73 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  In the realm of optoelectronics， photodetectors play pivotal roles， with applications spanning from high-speed data communication to precise environmental sensing. Despite the advancements， conventional photodetectors grapple with challenges with response speed and dark current. In this study， we present a photodetector based on a lateral MoTe₂ p-n junction， defined by a semi-floating ferroelectric gate. The strong ferroelectric fields and the depletion region of the p-n junction in the device are notably compact， which diminish the carrier transit time， thereby enhancing the speed of the photoelectric response. The non-volatile MoTe₂ homojunction， under the influence of external gate voltage pulses， can alter the orientation of the intrinsic electric field within the junction. As a photovoltaic detector， it achieves an ultra-low dark current of 20 pA， and a fast photo response of 2 μs. The spectral response is extended to the shortwave infrared range at 1550 nm. Furthermore， a logic computing system with light/no light as binary input is designed to convert the current signal to the voltage output. This research not only underscores the versatility of 2D materials in the realm of sophisticated photodetector design but also heralds new avenues for their application in energy-efficient， high-performance optoelectronic devices.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology

• Research of terahertz frequency tunable coding metasurface based on perovskite materials

  LI Yi-Fan, YANG He, YANG Rui, JIA Yi-Ming, HU Jia-Min, LOU Cun-Guang, YU Yu, LIU Xiu-Ling, YAO Jian-Quan

  2025,44(1):60-66 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.009

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.11 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  Due to its distinctive traits such as low energy consumption， high transmittance， potent anti-interference capacity， fingerprint， THz flexible regulation assumes a crucial role in detection， imaging， radar， and military defense， and has garnered significant attention from scholars both domestically and internationally in recent years. Nevertheless， high costs and losses remain significant factors restricting the advancement of terahertz regulation. Perovskite materials possess outstanding photoelectric properties， a straightforward preparation process， the capacity for mass production， and thereby become one of the most promising materials for the fabrication of terahertz detectors. Additionally， the facile tunability of perovskite compensates for the difficulty in adjusting the metasurface and meets the requirement for tunable metasurface. The combination of the two enables effective regulation of terahertz in the light field. In this paper， we have designed two types of coded metasurface composed of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃， polyimide， and aluminum， and manipulated the operating frequencies of the two structures through light field control. The results were compared with theoretical calculations to verify the effect. The first structure can be controlled by the light field to select between a broadband operating frequency and high efficiency. The second structure functions only at 0.1THz and can vary the phase through light， thereby reversing the phase of the original structure to control the direction of beam reflection. On this basis， we fabricated the device and verified it. To a certain extent， this paper fills the void in the field of optical field regulation of coded metasurface and offers a train of thought for subsequent research.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Infrared Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Technology

• High-precision spot centroid positioning of high-frame-rate short-wave infrared images for satellite laser communication

  FU Peng, HE Dao-Gang, LIU Jun, WANG Yue-Ming

  2025,44(1):67-78 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.010

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.19 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The accuracy of spot centroid positioning has a significant impact on the tracking accuracy of the system and the stability of the laser link construction. In satellite laser communication systems， the use of short-wave infrared wavelengths as beacon light can reduce atmospheric absorption and signal attenuation. However， there are strong non-uniformity and blind pixels in the short-wave infrared image， which makes the image distorted and leads to the decrease of spot centroid positioning accuracy. Therefore， the high-precision localization of the spot centroid of the short-wave infrared images is of great research significance. A high-precision spot centroid positioning model for short-wave infrared is proposed to correct for non-uniformity and blind pixels in short-wave infrared images and quantify the localization errors caused by the two， further model-based localization error simulations are performed， and a novel spot centroid positioning payload for satellite laser communications has been designed using the latest 640×512 planar array InGaAs shortwave infrared detector. The experimental results show that the non-uniformity of the corrected image is reduced from 7% to 0.6%， the blind pixels rejection rate reaches 100%， the frame rate can be up to 200 0 Hz， and the spot centroid localization accuracy is as high as 0.1 pixel point， which realizes high-precision spot centroid localization of high-frame-frequency short-wave infrared images.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56
  • 57
  • 58
  • 59
  • 60
  • 61
  • 62
  • 63
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
  • 67
  • 68
  • 69
  • 70
  • 71
  • 72
  • 73
  • 74
  • 75
  • 76
  • 77
  • 78
  • 79
  • 80
  • 81
  • 82
  • 83
  • 84
  • 85
  • 86
  • 87
  • 88
  • 89
  • 90
  • 91
  • 92
  • 93
  • 94
  • 95
  • 96
  • 97
  • 98
  • 99
  • 100
  • 101
  • 102
  • 103
  • 104
  • 105
  • 106
  • 107
  • 108
  • 109
  • 110
  • 111
  • 112
  • 113
  • 114
  • 115
  • 116
  • 117
  • 118
  • 119
  • 120
  • 121
  • 122
  • 123
  • 124
  • 125
  • 126
  • 127
  • 128
  • 129
  • 130
  • 131
  • 132
  • 133
  • 134
  • 135
  • 136

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Infrared spectroscopic analysis of O-H bond dynamics in one-dimensional confined water and bulk water

  ZHANG Lei, WANG Tian-Qi, FAN Yan-Ping

  2025,44(1):79-86 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.011

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.07 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  In sub nanometer carbon nanotubes， water exhibits unique dynamic characteristics， and in the high-frequency region of the infrared spectrum， where the stretching vibrations of the internal oxygen-hydrogen （O-H） bonds are closely related to the hydrogen bonds （H-bonds） network between water molecules. Therefore， it is crucial to analyze the relationship between these two aspects. In this paper， the infrared spectrum and motion characteristics of the stretching vibrations of the O-H bonds in one-dimensional confined water （1DCW） and bulk water （BW） in （6， 6） single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNT） are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the stretching vibrations of the two O-H bonds in 1DCW exhibit different frequencies in the infrared spectrum， while the O-H bonds in BW display two identical main frequency peaks. Further analysis using the spring oscillator model reveals that the difference in the stretching amplitude of the O-H bonds is the main factor causing the change in vibration frequency， where an increase in stretching amplitude leads to a decrease in spring stiffness and， consequently， a lower vibration frequency. A more in-depth study found that the interaction of H-bonds between water molecules is the fundamental cause of the increased stretching amplitude and decreased vibration frequency of the O-H bonds. Finally， by analyzing the motion trajectory of the H atoms， the dynamic differences between 1DCW and BW are clearly revealed. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the behavior of water molecules at the nanoscale and are of significant importance in advancing the development of infrared spectroscopy detection technology.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Infrared Optoelectronic System and Application Technology

• The effect of doping on the optical and physicochemical properties of YbF₃ and its application in infrared coatings

  MA Qiu-Jing, DUAN Wei-Bo, YU Tian-Yan, LI Da-Qi, YU De-Ming, LIU Bao-Jian, ZHUANG Qiu-Hui, LIU Ding-Quan

  2025,44(1):87-97 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.012

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.44 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The effects of calcium fluoride （CaF₂） doping on the optical， physical and chemical properties of Ytterbium fluoride （YbF₃） materials were studied. Pure YbF₃ thin films and YbF₃ thin films doped with different proportions of CaF₂ were deposited by electron beam and thermal evaporation， respectively. The characteristics of single layer were measured by spectrometer， stress measurement system， X-ray Diffraction （XRD）， Atomic Force Microscope （AFM） and other measuring devices. The optical constants were fitted by the classical Lorentz oscillator model. The results show that the single-layer film with better optical， physical and chemical properties is obtained by electron beam deposition， in the condition of 1% CaF₂ doping. A long-wave infrared anti-reflection multi-layer sample was designed and fabricated and its spectrum and reliability test were carried out. The results show that its transmittance in the long-wave infrared region is as high as 99%， and the reliability meets the requirements of space application.

• Influence of crystal temperature on femtosecond laser induced ferroelectric domain inversion process

  XU Tian-Xiang, WANG Sen, LIN Jin-Yang, ZHAO Ru-Wei, XU Tie-Feng, SHENG Yan

  2025,44(1):98-103 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.013

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (611.11 KKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The near-infrared femtosecond laser induced ferroelectric domain inversion in an important method in 3D nonlinear photonic crystal fabrication. Using structures produced by this technique， a series of attractive results have been achieved in optical frequency conversion and nonlinear wavefront shaping. At present， the reported laser induced domain inversion were all implemented at room temperature. For ferroelectric crystals， it would reach the Curie point during heating， and many characterizations such as coercive field which relate to domain inversion may change seriously. However， the effect of crystal temperature on femtosecond laser induced domain inversion is undefined. In this work， the strontium barium niobate （Sr_xBa_1-xNbO₃） ferroelectric crystal with the Curie point of about 70-80 ℃ depends on component proportion of Sr and Ba was used for domain inversion. Direct near-infrared femtosecond laser writing was implemented at the temperature of 25-65 ℃. The domain inversion condition was judged based on the second-harmonic pattern in the far field. The variation tendency of threshold laser power for domain inversion depends on temperature was tested and possible reason was predicted.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Infrared aircraft few-shot classification method based on cross-correlation network

  HUANG Zhen, ZHANG Yong, GONG Jin-Fu

  2025,44(1):104-112 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.014

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (1.44 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  In response to the scarcity of infrared aircraft samples and the tendency of traditional deep learning to overfit， a few-shot infrared aircraft classification method based on cross-correlation networks is proposed. This method combines two core modules： a simple parameter-free self-attention and cross-attention. By analyzing the self-correlation and cross-correlation between support images and query images， it achieves effective classification of infrared aircraft under few-shot conditions. The proposed cross-correlation network integrates these two modules and is trained in an end-to-end manner. The simple parameter-free self-attention is responsible for extracting the internal structure of the image while the cross-attention can calculate the cross-correlation between images further extracting and fusing the features between images. Compared with existing few-shot infrared target classification models， this model focuses on the geometric structure and thermal texture information of infrared images by modeling the semantic relevance between the features of the support set and query set， thus better attending to the target objects. Experimental results show that this method outperforms existing infrared aircraft classification methods in various classification tasks， with the highest classification accuracy improvement exceeding 3%. In addition， ablation experiments and comparative experiments also prove the effectiveness of the method.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
• Wideband and high power 3D heterogeneous integration photoreceiver

  XU Xiang-Qian, GONG Guang-Yu, SUN Lei, LI Yu, KANG Xiao-Chen, LI Si-Min, PAN Shi-Long

  2025,44(1):113-118 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.015

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (934.65 KKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  This paper presents an innovative three-dimensional （3D） heterogeneously integrated photoreceiver， which is optimized for analog microwave optical links that demand both wide bandwidth and high input optical power. The key of this design is the uni-traveling-carrier photodiode （UTC-PD）， which has been flip-chip integrated onto a microwave integrated circuit submount. This integration approach enhances the photoreceiver''s bandwidth and high power handling capabilities. The material doping and epitaxial processes of the UTC photodiode were optimized to augment its power endurance. Meanwhile， the responsivity of the photodiode was improved through the adoption of an integrated back-illuminated lens complemented by the addition of a metallic reflective layer. By establishing a precise model of the photodiode， we have refined the bandwidth characteristic of the photoreceiver using impedance compensation and broadband matching circuit design techniques. Flip-chip bonding the photodiode chip onto the microwave integrated circuit chip has substantially mitigated the impact of interconnect circuits on high-frequency performance. Furthermore， the thermal conductivity and high-power resilience of the detector chip were enhanced via gold-tin alloy micro-bump interconnections and the design of a high thermal conductivity substrate layer. The three-dimensional heterogeneous integrated photoreceiver features a 1-dB bandwidth of 42 GHz， an RF return loss exceeding 11 dB， a responsivity surpassing 0.85 A/W， a dark current below 50 nA， and a saturated input optical power of over 120 mW.By leveraging the distinctive properties of the UTC-PD， our three-dimensional （3D） heterogeneous integrated photoreceiver design achieves superior efficiency and responsiveness， positioning it as a leading solution for cutting-edge microwave photonics applications.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science

• Synchronous object detection and matching network based on infrared binocular vision

  ZENG Chang-Wen, YANG Zhi-Yu, DAI Zuo-Xiao, GU Ming-Jian

  2025,44(1):119-129 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.016

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (2.39 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  The three-dimensional perception of road objects in challenging environments is crucial for the development of autonomous vehicles operating in all conditions， at all hours. Infrared binocular vision mimics the human binocular system， facilitating stereoscopic perception of objects in challenging conditions such as dim or zero-light environments. The core technology for stereoscopic perception in binocular vision systems is object detection and matching. To streamline the complex sequence of object detection and matching procedures， a synchronous object detection and matching network （SODMNet） is proposed， which can perform synchronous detection and matching of infrared objects. SODMNet innovatively combines an object detection network with an object matching module， leveraging the deep features from the classification and regression branches as inputs for the object matching module. By concatenating these features with relative position encoding from the feature maps and processing the concatenated features through a convolutional network， the network generates feature descriptors for the left and right images. Object matching is then achieved by calculating the Euclidean distances between these descriptors， thus facilitating synchronous object detection and matching in binocular vision. In addition， a novel nighttime infrared binocular dataset， annotated with targets such as pedestrians and vehicles， is created to support the development and evaluation of the proposed network. Experimental results indicate that SODMNet achieves a significant improvement of more than 84.9% in object detection mean average precision （mAP） on this dataset， with an object matching average precision （AP） of 0.5777. These results demonstrate that SODMNet is capable of high-precision， synchronized object detection and matching in infrared binocular vision， marking a significant advancement in the field.

• Design and validation of RLC equivalent circuit model based on long-wave infrared metamaterial absorber

  ZHAO Ji-Cong, DANG Yan-Meng, HOU Hai-Yang, LIN Ye-Fan, SUN Hai-Yan, ZHANG Kun

  2025,44(1):130-138 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2025.01.017

  Abstract: (0) HTML (0) PDF (3.49 MKB)(0)

  Abstract:

  In this paper， we propose an RLC equivalent circuit model theory which can accurately predict the spectral response and resonance characteristics of metamaterial absorption structures， extend its design， and characterize the parameters of the model in detail. By employing this model， we conducted computations to characterize the response wavelength and bandwidth of variously sized metamaterial absorbers. A comparative analysis with Finite Difference Time Domain （FDTD） simulations demonstrated a remarkable level of consistency in the results. The designed absorbers were fabricated using micro-nano fabrication processes， and were experimentally tested to demonstrate absorption rates exceeding 90% at a wavelength of 9.28 μm. The predicted results are then compared with test results. The comparison reveals good consistency in two aspects of the resonance responses， thereby confirming the rationality and accuracy of this model.

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23

  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 
  • 

红外物理与材料器件

• Modeling the electronic band-structure of strained long-wavelength Type-II superlattices using the scattering matrix method

  Abbas Haddadi, Gail Brown, Manijeh Razeghi

  Abstract: (53) HTML (0) PDF (631.67 KKB)(76)

  Abstract:

  This study introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework for accurately calculating the electronic band-structure of strained long-wavelength InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices. Utilizing an eight-band Hamiltonian in conjunction with a scattering matrix method， the model effectively incorporates quantum confinement， strain effects， and interface states. This robust and numerically stable approach achieves exceptional agreement with experimental data， offering a reliable tool for analyzing and engineering the band structure of complex multilayer systems.

红外光电系统与应用技术

• Development of an active-detection mid-wave infrared search and track system based on

  ZHOU Pan-Wei, DING Xue-Zhuan, LI Fan-Ming, YE Xi-Sheng

  Abstract: (81) HTML (0) PDF (2.31 MKB)(19)

  Abstract:

  In order to meet the urgent need of infrared search and track applications for accurate identification and positioning of infrared guidance aircraft， an active-detection mid-wave infrared search and track system （ADMWIRSTS） based on "cat-eye effect" was developed. The ADMWIRSTS mainly consists of both a light beam control subsystem and an infrared search and track subsystem. The light beam control subsystem uses an integrated opto-mechanical two-dimensional pointing mirror to realize the control function of the azimuth and pitch directions of the system， which can cover the whole airspace range of 360°×90°. The infrared search and track subsystem uses two mid-wave infrared cooled 640×512 focal plane detectors for co-aperture beam expanding， infrared and illumination laser beam combining， infrared search， and two-stage track opto-mechanical design. In this work，the system integration design and structural finite-element analysis were conducted， the search imaging and two-stage track imaging for external scenes were performed， and the active-detection technologies were experimentally verified in the laboratory. The experimental investigation results show that the system can realize the infrared search and track imaging and the accurate identification and positioning of the mid-wave infrared guidance or infrared detection system through the echo of the illumination laser. The aforementioned work has important technical significance and practical application value for the development of compactly-integrated high-precision infrared search and track and laser suppression system， and has broad application prospects in the protection of equipment， assets and infrastructures.

红外物理与材料器件

• Performance requirement analysis of BIB detector in space target ground-based detection scenario

  GUO Xiao-Qing, LIANG Fang, WANG Ze-Wen, DONG Zuo-Ru, LIN Yi-Chao, ZHANG Chuan-Sheng, WANG Xiao-Dong

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (74) HTML (0) PDF (902.56 KKB)(11)

  Abstract:

  The performance of detectors is one of the key factors for space target detection. In this paper, the performance requirements of blocked impurity band detectors for the ground-based detection scenario of space targets are analyzed. The theoretical calculation of background radiation and point target radiation is carried out by establishing the radiation transmission model of ground-based detection scenario. The correlation between radiation and detector performance is also analyzed. Taking space debris as a typical target and ground-based telescope as a carrying platform, the key performance requirements such as quantum efficiency, dark current, full well and specific detectivity are analyzed and calculated in the mid-latitude and high-altitude detection environment. This work lays a theoretical foundation for the detector structure design of ground-based detection.

• Mathematical model of pixel coupling in high-density planar InGaAs focal plane arrays

  DU Ai-Bo, YU Chun-Lei, SHAO Xiu-Mei, YU Jin-Ying, BAO Peng-Fei, LU Jin-Su, YANG Bo, ZHU Xian-Liang, LI Xue

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (33) HTML (0) PDF (1.06 MKB)(18)

  Abstract:

  The application of InGaAs focal plane arrays (FPAs) requires high density and small pixel pitch. However, as the pixel pitch decreases, the pixel coupling becomes stronger. By fabricating 5 μm pitch InGaAs arrays with different scales, the pixel coupling effects in high-density InGaAs arrays were studied. Innovatively, matrix equations were introduced to describe the contributions of dark current from each part, and a mathematical model of pixel coupling was constructed, and the contributions of the dark current resulting from the coupling effects were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that at a bias voltage of -0.1 V, a reverse-biased pixels in the array can reduce the dark current of adjacent reverse-biased pixels by 21.39% of the pixel's initial dark current. In contrast, zero-biased pixels can increase the dark current of adjacent reverse-biased pixels by 219.42%. Based on this high-density focal plane pixel coupling model, the impact rules of pixel coupling on dark current have been summarized, providing new insights for dark current research in high-density InGaAs focal plane arrays.

• Precise calculation of radiation heat of cryogenic infrared detector Dewar

  ZENG Chang-hang, CHEN Jun, LI Si, YANG Xiu-hua, LI Qiu-yan, Ding Zhi-hong, TAO Chao-kun, XU Shi-chun

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (56) HTML (0) PDF (1.02 MKB)(12)

  Abstract:

  The thermal load of the cryogenic infrared detector Dewar is a comprehensive indicator characterizing the adiabatic capacity of the Dewar. Radiative heat is a part of the thermal load. When calculating the radiative heat ，the traditional approach typically simplifies the Dewar to a coaxial cylindrical model. This simplified model differs significantly from the actual one and the traditional approach is incapable of computing the radiative heat transfer between surfaces where emissivity， transmittance， and reflectance vary with wavelength. To enhance the calculation accuracy of the Dewar"s radiative heat， based on the Monte Carlo principle， a 3D Studio Max modeling was employed， model information was extracted， and a program was developed， resulting in a set of general calculation programs for the Dewar"s radiative heat based on the radiation transfer factor. To preliminarily verify the accuracy of the calculation program， the cold side radiative heat of two types of experimental dewars was calculated according to the gray body assumption and compared with the measured values. The theoretical calculated value and measured value of the cold side radiation heat of experimental dewar 1 were 155 mW and 136 mW， respectively， with an error of 19 mW； the theoretical calculated value and measured value of cold side radiation heat of experimental dewar 2 were 87 mW and 79 mW， respectively， with an error of 8 mW. After initially testing the accuracy of the calculation program， the cold side radiative heat of an engineering typical 1K×1K long-wave dewar when the emissivity of the window facing it was 0.9 was calculated and measured experimentally. The theoretical calculated value was 127 mW， and the measured value was 110 mW， with an error of 17 mW.

毫米波与太赫兹技术

• Research on key technologies of 220 GHz integrated T/R module

  YAO Chang-Fei, WENG Lv-Tao, DONG Wen-Chao, CHEN Si-Yu, WANG Hao, WANG Wen-Wei, LIU Qiang, ZHU Ming

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (46) HTML (0) PDF (1.82 MKB)(12)

  Abstract:

  A transceiver module operating at the 220 GHz frequency band was developed， consisting of three parts： a local oscillator chain， a transmitter chain， and a receiver chain， featuring high integration. A 218~226 GHz waveguide bandpass filter was designed to suppress spurious signals in the chain. The filter adopts a dual-mode resonant cavity structure to introduce a transmission zero on the left side of the passband， which suppresses the 214 GHz spurious signal by 60 dBc. An improved E-plane magic-T structure was used to form a four-way power combining amplifier to meet the requirement of transmit power. This module achieves a power combining efficiency of 72.5% and the output power is higher than 82 mW. The measured results show that in the 219.5~221 GHz frequency range， the transmit power is 82~95 mW， the noise figure of the receiver is less than 7.1 dB， the receive gain is 5.1~6.0 dB， and the volume of module is 65×70×30 mm3.

红外光谱与遥感技术

• Multimodal Remote Sensing Image Fusion Based on Self-supervised Pre-training and Cross-scale Contrastive Learning

  LI Zhao-Wei, FENG Shi-Yang, WANG Bin

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (55) HTML (0) PDF (917.24 KKB)(22)

  Abstract:

  Self-supervised pre-training methods have strong capabilities in feature extraction and model transfer. However， current pre-training methods in multimodal remote sensing image （RSI） fusion only perform simple fusion operations such as concatenation on the extracted multimodal features without designing dedicated modules for the integration of multimodal information， leading to insufficient fusion of complementary information across modalities. Secondly， these methods do not consider and utilize the cross-scale consistency priors within RSIs， resulting in limited extraction and integration of multimodal remote sensing information， and thus the performance of various downstream tasks needs to be improved. In response to the above issues， a multimodal RSI fusion method based on self-supervised pre-training and cross-scale contrastive learning is proposed， which mainly includes three parts： 1） By introducing a cross-attention fusion mechanism to preliminarily integrate features extracted from different modalities， and then using encoder modules to further extract features， explicit aggregation and extraction of complementary information from each modality are achieved； 2） By introducing a cross-modality fusion mechanism， each modality can extract useful supplementary information from the features of all modalities， and reconstruct each modality’s input after separate decoding； 3） Based on the cross-scale consistency constraints of RSIs， cross-scale contrastive learning is introduced to enhance the extraction of single-modality information， achieving more robust pre-training. Experimental results on multiple public multimodal RSI fusion datasets demonstrate that， compared with existing methods， the proposed algorithm has achieved significant performance improvements in various downstream tasks. On the Globe230k dataset， our method achieves an average intersection over union （mIoU） of 79.01%， an overall accuracy （OA） of 92.56%， and an average F1 score （mF1） of 88.05%， and it has the advantages of good scalability and easy hyperparameter setting.

红外物理与材料器件

• 1550 nm InP/In_0.53Ga_0.47As laser power converters

  Zhang zongkun, Sun Yan, Hao Jiaming, Dai Ning

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (56) HTML (0) PDF (1.79 MKB)(9)

  Abstract:

  We present the design， simulation， and experimental validation of a InP/In_0.53Ga_0.47As laser power converters for the wavelength of 1550 nm. By optimizing the thickness of the absorption layer and using a double-layer anti-reflection structure （SiO₂ and SiN）， By optimizing the thickness of the absorption layer and adopting a dual-layer anti-reflective structure （SiO₂ and SiN）， the device achieved an absorptance of 96% under 1550 nm laser irradiation， demonstrating insensitivity to angle variation and robust to wavelength shifts. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation results. The external quantum efficiency （EQE） reaches 92%. Under a laser power density of 47 mW/cm2， the cell’s conversion efficiency reached 23%. Further refinement of device processing is needed to reduce series and shunt resistances， thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the laser photovoltaic cell. In addition， this study delves into the impact of cell area on the photovoltaic performance， providing optimization directions for the miniaturization of laser photovoltaic cells.

红外光谱与遥感技术

• Research on variable-speed scanning method for airborne area-array whisk-broom imaging system based on vertical flight path correction

  JIN Jia-Rong, HAN Gui-Cheng, WANG Chong-Ru, WU Ren-Fei, WANG Yue-Ming

  Abstract: (58) HTML (0) PDF (2.06 MKB)(12)

  Abstract:

  Airborne area-array whisk-broom imaging systems typically adopt constant-speed scanning schemes. For large-inertia scanning systems, constant-speed scanning requires substantial time to complete the reversal motion, reducing the system's adaptability to high-speed reversal scanning and decreasing scanning efficiency. This study proposes a novel sinusoidal variable-speed roll scanning strategy, which reduces abrupt changes in speed and acceleration, minimizing time loss during reversals. Based on the forward image motion compensation strategy in the pitch direction, we establish a line-of-sight (LOS) position calculation model with vertical flight path correction (VFPC), ensuring that the central LOS of the scanned image remains stable on the same horizontal line, facilitating accurate image stitching in whisk-broom imaging. Through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, the proposed method improves scanning efficiency by approximately 18.6% at a 90° whisk-broom imaging angle under the same speed height ratio conditions. The new VFPC method enables wide-field, high-resolution imaging, achieving single-line LOS horizontal stability with an accuracy of better than 0.4 mrad. The research is of great significance to promote the further development of airborne area-array whisk-broom imaging technology toward wider fields of view, higher speed height ratios, and greater scanning efficiency.

毫米波与太赫兹技术

• A novel photonic crystal waveguide multifunctional light-emitting beaming device

  LIU Ze-kun, HUA Chang-zhou

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (121) HTML (0) PDF (1.67 MKB)(13)

  Abstract:

  Based on two-dimensional triangular lattice photonic crystal， a multi-functional device of two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide light-emitting beaming with integrated filtering function is designed， which can realize the fusion of outgoing light beaming and specific wavelength efficient filtering. The beam structure of the emitting light is similar to the grating structure， and the beam is in the state of clustering through the mutual interference principle between the multi-channel， which improves the radiation efficiency and distance of the emitting light. The finite difference time domain method can be used to obtain the effective propagation distance of 450 at the incident wavelength of 1.447. The structure design has a good beaming ability for incident light in the range of 1.435~1.465. At the same time， there are two hexagonal coupled filtering structures on either side of the waveguide， which are close to 98.4% and 97.3% transmission efficiency for incident light waves with a central wavelength of 1.490 and 1.510， respectively.The fusion structure successfully realizes the filtering and clustering functions.

• Fabrication and characterization of InGaAs/InAlAs photoconductive terahertz detection antenna with dynamic range exceeding 75 dB

  JIANG Qing-Nan, TAN Zhi-Yong, WAN Wen-Jian, FU Zhang-Long, XIA Yu, LI Min, CAO Jun-Cheng

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (71) HTML (0) PDF (1.14 MKB)(9)

  Abstract:

  The photoconductive antenna is a very important device in the terahertz region and is widely used in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology. This article uses the molecular beam epitaxy method to grow Be-doped InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice as light absorbing materials for 1550 nm laser pumped photoconductive antenna for terahertz detection. The prepared materials have a sheet resistance greater than 10⁶ Ω/sq and an electron mobility of 216 cm²/（Vs）； The active mesa and electrode structure of the detection antenna are prepared using wet etching and magnetron sputtering processes， and the antenna chip is packaged on a PCB board. A detection antenna measurement system is built by employing a domestically produced 1550 nm femtosecond pump laser， and the detection antennas with electrode gaps of 40 μm and 60 μm were characterized； The measurement results indicate that the 60 μm antenna has a wider spectral width and power dynamic range， reaching 4.0 THz and 77.0 dB， respectively.

• Design of Commonly-Resonated Extended Interaction Circuits for Submillimeter-Wave Phase-Locked Oscillators

  Bi Liangjie, Li Hailong, Wang Bin, Meng Lin, Yin Yong

  Abstract: (43) HTML (0) PDF (1.92 MKB)(5)

  Abstract:

  In this paper, a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn1 mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators (EIOs) for generating high power at G-band. Two separate EIOs are coupled through a specific single-gap coupling field supported by a designed gap waveguide with length (Lg), which form the phase-locked EIOs based on the commonly-resonated system. As a whole system, the system has been focused on with mode analysis based on different single-gap coupling field, mode hopping, which presents the variation of phase difference between the two-beam-wave interaction when changing the Lg. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit system in producing phase locking, we conducted particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to show that the interesting mode hopping occurs with the phase difference of 0 and π between the output signals from two output ports, corresponding to the excitation of the TMn1 mode with different n. Simulation results show that 1) the oscillator can deliver two times of the output power obtained from one single oscillator at 220 GHz, 2) the two EIOs can still deliver output signals with phase difference of 0 and π when the currents of the two beams are different or the fabrication errors of the two EIO cavities are taken into account. The proposed scheme is promising in extending to phase locking between multiple EIOs, and generating higher power at millimeter-wave and higher frequencies.

红外光电系统与应用技术

• Infrared-NeRF: a low resolution thermal infrared light field 3D reconstruction method based on NeRF

  Huang Yi-Fan, Wang Rui, Deng Li-Ming, LI Jia-Jia, Li Xi-Cai

  Abstract: (117) HTML (0) PDF (1.95 MKB)(15)

  Abstract:

  This article proposes a three-dimensional light field reconstruction method based on neural radiation field （NeRF） called Infrared NeRF for low resolution thermal infrared scenes. Based on the characteristics of low resolution thermal infrared imaging， various optimizations have been carried out to improve the speed and accuracy of thermal infrared 3D reconstruction. Firstly， inspired by Boltzmann"s law of thermal radiation， distance was incorporated into the NeRF model for the first time， resulting in a nonlinear propagation of a single ray and a more accurate description of the physical property that infrared radiation intensity decreases with increasing distance. Secondly， in terms of improving inference speed， based on the phenomenon of high and low frequency distribution of foreground and background in infrared images， a multi ray non-uniform light synthesis strategy is proposed to make the model pay more attention to foreground objects in the scene， reduce the distribution of light in the background， and significantly reduce training time without reducing accuracy. In addition， compared to visible light scenes， infrared images only have a single channel， so fewer network parameters are required. Experiments using the same training data and data filtering method showed that compared to the original NeRF， the improved network achieved an average improvement of 13.8% and 4.62% in PSNR and SSIM， respectively， while an average decrease of 46% in LPIPS. And thanks to the optimization of network layers and data filtering methods， training only takes about 25% of the original method"s time to achieve convergence. Finally， for scenes with weak backgrounds， this article improves the inference speed of the model by 4-6 times compared to the original NeRF by limiting the query interval of the model.

Infrared Optoelectronic System and Application Technology

• Research on infrared imaging technology of gas plumes based on the vibe gases algorithm

  YANG Zhen, DING Shi-Hang, LIU Shi-Jie, CHEN li, ZHAO Bang-Jian, WANG Peng-Yu, WANG Ce-Yuan, XU Yu-Hui

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (38) HTML (0) PDF (1.17 MKB)(8)

  Abstract:

  When a gas leak occurs, it propagates through space in the form of diffusion, typically forming a gas plume with dynamically stable concentration near the leakage source, which appears as a quasi-static region in infrared images; this characteristic often causes reduced detection accuracy of conventional moving object detection algorithms in these regions and makes it difficult to obtain the spatial concentration distribution of the gas. To address this issue, a Vibe Gases adaptive threshold detection algorithm based on the background subtraction method was proposed, which introduces improvements in two critical phases of gas plume imaging. During the foreground extraction phase, a foreground difference matrix is first constructed through gas detection logic and subjected to two-dimensional frequency mapping. Subsequently, the optimal threshold for separating the foreground and background is calculated by fitting a difference distribution function using the least squares method. In the background updating phase, a signal matrix of the foreground gas is established and processed with two-dimensional frequency mapping. The primary signal range is then extracted through frequency-based high-pass filtering, followed by delayed updates for pixels located within both the gas region and this primary signal range. The experimental results of infrared detection imaging under stable gas leakage conditions demonstrated that at a distance of 20 meters, the detection accuracy for ethylene reached 91.0% with an Intersection over Union (IoU) metric of 89.4%, while at 5 meters, the accuracy for detecting small leaks of sulfur hexafluoride was 81.3% with an IoU of 80.7%. The algorithm significantly improved the imaging quality of gas plumes, enhanced adaptive detection capabilities across diverse gases and scenarios, and effectively extracted spatial concentration distributions of gases.

毫米波与太赫兹技术

• The Realization and Research on the Verification of Millimeter Wave Phase Consistency

  LIU Jia-Qi, YANG Peng-Fei, ZHU Yi-Ming

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (30) HTML (0) PDF (966.61 KKB)(8)

  Abstract:

  Phase consistency is produced under the requirements from the process of research， manufacture and realization in two-channel even muti-channels vector receivers. The requiring two-channel vector signals will be generated in this verification for stimulating the target systems or target sub systems， which can verify and emulate the performance in these systems or sub systems， and providing strong theories and technologies in the process of research and manufacture in systems. The specialized phase consistency measuring software controlling general instruments and specialized instruments， which can applied in the process of collocation， calibration， verification and signal generation for two-channel phase consistency signal system. The vector monitor and calibration for output network for specialized instrument has been studied and developed based on millimeter wave phase consistency， which including many technologies for realization and research like radio frequency amplitude-phase calibration， vector signal calibration， amplitude-phase measurement and restraint， and output signal threshold protection， meanwhile all testing parts are connected by Ethernet interface for feedback and control synchronization in the system.

• A Novel W-band Substrate Integrated Microstrip to Ultra-thin Cavity Filter Transition

  Cao Yi, Tang Xiaohong, Liu Yong, Cai Zongqi

  Abstract: (64) HTML (0) PDF (1.04 MKB)(8)

  Abstract:

  A novel substrate integrated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition operating in the W-band is proposed in this letter. The structure is a new method of connecting microstrip circuits and waveguide filters， and this new structure enables a planar integrated transition from microstrip lines to ultra-thin cavity filters， thereby reducing the size of the transition structure and achieving miniaturization. The structure includes a conventional tapered microstrip transition structure， which guides the electromagnetic field from the microstrip line to the reduced-height dielectric-filled waveguide， and an air-filled matching cavity which is placed between the dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter. The height of the microstrip line， dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter are the same， enabling seamless integration within a planar radio-frequency （RF） circuit. To facilitate testing， mature finline transition structures are integrated at both ends of the microstrip line during fabrication. The simulation results of the fabricated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition with the finline transition structure， with a passband of 91.5-96.5 GHz， has an insertion loss of less than 1.9 dB and a return loss lower than -20 dB. And the whole structure has also been measured which achieves an insertion loss less than 2.6 dB and a return loss lower than -15dB within the filter"s passband， including the additional insertion loss introduced by the finline transitions. Finally， a W-band compact up-conversion module is designed， and the test results show that after using the proposed structure， the module achieves 95 dBc suppression of the 84 GHz local oscillator. It is also demonstrated that the structure proposed in this letter achieves miniaturization of the system integration without compromising the filter performance.

Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology

• Millimeter-Wave Modeling based on Transformer model for InP High Electron Mobility Transistor

  ZHANG Ya-Xue, ZHANG Ao, GAO Jian-Jun

  Abstract: (51) HTML (0) PDF (992.01 KKB)(8)

  Abstract:

  In this paper， the small-signal modeling of the Indium Phosphide High Electron Mobility Transistor （InP HEMT） based on the Transformer neural network model is investigated. The AC S-parameters of the HEMT device are trained and validated using the Transformer model. In the proposed model， the eight layers transformer encoders are connected in series and the encoder layer of each Transformer consists of the multi-head attention layer and the feed-forward neural network layer. The experimental results show that the measured and modeled S-parameters of the HEMT device match well in the frequency range of 0.5-40 GHz， with the errors versus frequency less than 1%. Compared with other models， good accuracy can be achieved to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

• Design of a wideband non-uniform microstrip line for complex impedance matching at automotive radar frequency

  Zhang Shuanggen, Yu Tao, WANG Yu-Lan, Cheng Zhihua, Yao Jianquan

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (47) HTML (0) PDF (2.45 MKB)(10)

  Abstract:

  Microstrip transmission lines connecting to the millimeter wave radar chip and antenna significantly impacts on the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna. Here， a wideband non-uniform wavy microstrip line for complex impedance at automotive radar frequency range is proposed. Different to the gradient transmission line， the wavy structure is composed of periodically semi-circular segments. By adjusting the radius of the semi-circular， the surface current varied and concentrated on the semi-circular segments， allowing a wider tunability range of the resonant frequency. The results reveal that the bandwidth of the loaded wavy transmission line antenna improves up to 9.37 GHz， which is 5.81 GHz wider than that of the loaded gradient line. The gain and the half power beam width of the loaded antenna are about 14.69 dB and 9.58°， respectively. The proposed non-uniform microstrip line scheme may open up a route for realizing wideband millimeter wave automotive radar applications.

红外物理与材料器件

• Waveform frequency domain matching-based positioning method for satellite-borne LIDAR footprints

  ZHOU Si-Han, ZHAO Pu-Fan, HAN Qi-Jin, LUAN Chao, YANG Jian, WANG Heng, MA Yue, ZHOU Hui, LI Song

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (87) HTML (0) PDF (1.65 MKB)(170)

  Abstract:

  The laser altimeter onboard China's Gaofen series satellites is primarily used to provide elevation control points for imagery. During satellite operations, environmental variations can induce laser pointing offsets, which in turn increase the positioning errors of the footprints, thereby directly reducing the elevation accuracy of the control points. This issue is particularly pronounced in complex mountainous terrains. To enhance the reliability of laser altimeter observations from satellites in such regions, this paper proposed a new laser footprint positioning method based on waveform frequency domain matching. This method utilizes high-precision terrain data for waveform simulation and determines the position of the laser footprint by calculating the correlation between the simulated waveform and the waveform received by China's Gaofen series satellite in the frequency domain. Additionally, systematic deviations in laser pointing are derived from the joint computational results of multi-footprint frequency domain matching. Experiments were conducted using in three regions: central Montana, western Wyoming, and eastern Utah in the United States. The results indicate that the standard deviations of footprint planar offset distances, planar true north pinch angles, and equivalent laser pointing deviation angles obtained with this method are all superior to those achieved with the time-domain waveform matching method. The findings underscore the advantages of frequency-domain waveform matching in achieving high-precision footprint localization, thereby providing a robust foundation for enhancing the utility of satellite laser altimeter observations in challenging environments and facilitating the correction of laser altimeter pointing errors.

Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science

• Analysis of Infrared Polarization Characteristics and Modeling of Operating Distance on Aerostat Platform in Sea Fog

  YE Min-Rui, CUI Wen-Nan, HUANG Xia-Yang, Zhang Tao

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (82) HTML (0) PDF (977.50 KKB)(199)

  Abstract:

  The study aims to reveal the detection advantages of infrared polarization imaging systems deployed on aerostat platforms in sea fog conditions. Firstly, based on the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function, this research analyzes how polarization characteristics vary with observation angles, demonstrating the applicability of infrared polarization in oblique viewing from aerostats. Secondly, by using the Monte-Carlo method and MRTD model, the study develops a model to determine the maximum operating distance of infrared polarization imaging systems. This model verifies the superiority of infrared polarization imaging over infrared intensity imaging in terms of maintaining features and detection distance under sea fog conditions. The results provide theoretical analysis and simulation evidence supporting the deployment of infrared polarization technology on aerostat platforms.

红外物理与材料器件

• Study on Correlation of Thermal Model to in-Orbit Data for Infrared Optical Payloads on FY-3E/HIRAS-II

  LI Yu-Han, YANG Bao-Yu, ZHANG Qiang, GUO Zhi-Peng, WU Yi-Nong, TANG Xiao, LI Shang-Ju

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (71) HTML (0) PDF (1.60 MKB)(164)

  Abstract:

  The Infrared Hyperspectral Atmospheric Sounder II (HIRAS-II) is the key equipment on Funyun-3E (FY-3E) satellite, which can realize vertical atmospheric detection, featuring hyper spectral, high sensitivity and high precision. To ensure its accuracy of detection, it is necessary to correlate their thermal models to in-orbit data. In this work, an investigation of intelligent correlation method named Intelligent Correlation Platform for Thermal Model (ICP-TM) was established, the advanced Kriging surrogate model and efficient adaptive region optimization algorithm were introduced. After the correlation with this method for FY-3E/HIRAS-II, the results indicate that compared with the data in orbit, the error of the thermal model has decreased from 5 K to within ±1 K in cold case (10℃). Then, the correlated model is validated in hot case (20℃), and the correlated model exhibits good universality. This correlation precision is also much superiors to the general ones like 3 K in other similar literature. Furthermore, the process is finished in 8 days using ICP-TM, the efficiency is much better than 3 months based on manual. The results show that the proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of thermal model, this contributes to the precise thermal control of subsequent infrared optical payloads.

Infrared Optoelectronic System and Application Technology

• Design and preparation of LWDM AWG for 1.6Tbps and above data center

  HUANG Song, CUI Peng-Wei, WANG Yue, WANG Liang-Liang, ZHANG Jia-Shun, MA Jun-Chi, ZHANG Chun-Xue, GUO Li-Yong, YANG Han-Ming, WU Yuan-Da, AN Jun-Ming, SONG Ze-Guo

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (71) HTML (0) PDF (2.53 MKB)(142)

  Abstract:

  A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit （PLC） technology. By extending the wavelength allocation from 8 channels to 16 channels as specified in IEEE 802.3bs， we increased the number of channels and boosted transmission capacity to meet the 1.6 Tbps and higher-speed signal transmission requirements for future data centers. Through optimizing the AWG structure， it has achieved insertion loss （IL） better than -1.61 dB， loss uniformity below 0.35 dB， polarization-dependent loss （PDL） below 0.35 dB， adjacent channel crosstalk under -20.05 dB， ripple less than 0.75 dB， center wavelength offset under 0.22 nm and 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 2.88 nm. The AWG has been successfully measured to transmit 53 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation （PAM4） signal per channel and the total transmission speed can reach 1.6Tbps and above.

Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science

• An Improved Template Matching Algorithm for Infrared Cross-Target Center Positioning Based on Self-Constructed Convolution Kernels

  Yuan Di-jian, Xu Xin-ke, Liu Tong, Wang Jin-wen, Du Yu

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (103) HTML (0) PDF (1.18 MKB)(233)

  Abstract:

  Target center positioning is a critical technology in the calibration process of infrared thermal imagers. Given the relatively complex morphology of target images， we propose a center positioning algorithm based on improved template matching with self-constructed convolution kernels. The algorithm first constructs a normalized template with target image features and performs matching operations on downsampled and preprocessed target images to obtain coarse positioning results. Based on the coarse positioning center， the original image undergoes ROI fine matching， and further correction is achieved through a subpixel subdivision algorithm， ultimately determining the precise target center position. This algorithm effectively detects target images with blurring and indistinct edge features， avoiding interference from blurring， occlusion， complex backgrounds， or indistinct features. It demonstrates good robustness， accurately positions the target center， and operates at high speed. Compared to traditional template matching methods like CCORR， NCC， and Hough transform， it offers significant improvements and meets the positioning requirements in the automatic calibration process of infrared thermal imagers.

• Sparsity and Self-Similarity Priors Guided Deep Learning for Blind Image Super-Resolution

  GE Sun-Yi, LUO Xiao-Wei, FENG Shi-Yang, WANG Bin

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (119) HTML (0) PDF (1.14 MKB)(161)

  Abstract:

  The existing deep learning-based image blind super-resolution algorithms only utilize neural networks to learn the end-to-end mapping from low-resolution (LR) images to high-resolution (HR) images, only allowing the network to implicitly learn image priors, resulting in algorithms that still produce blurry super-resolution results. To address the above issues, a deep learning image blind super-resolution algorithm guided by sparsity and self-similarity priors is proposed. Initially, for various LR image inputs, a dynamic linear kernel estimation module is employed to effectively estimate the corresponding blur kernels; Subsequently, a deep unfolding deconvolution filtering module based on the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA) is utilized to explicitly model the sparsity prior of signal, achieving deconvolution restoration of the degraded images; Finally, a dual-path multi-scale large receptive field restoration module leverages the self-similarity prior of images for super-resolution recovery. The experimental results indicate that, compared to existing methods, the proposed algorithm achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 31.66 and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.8725 on the publicly available Gaussian8 dataset, and attains a PSNR of 29.08 and an SSIM of 0.8007 on the DIV2KRK dataset. The images restored by the proposed algorithm not only exhibit the highest restoration metrics but also superior visual quality.

红外物理与材料器件

• Infrared UAV Detection Based on Multi-Channel Interactive Attention Mechanism and Edge Contour Enhancement

  NIE Su-Zhen, CAO Jie, ZHUANG Xu-Ye, HAO Qun

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (83) HTML (0) PDF (1.97 MKB)(287)

  Abstract:

  UAVs have a wide range of applications in agriculture， logistics， rescue and disaster relief because of their compactness， lightness and flexibility. However， if they are used improperly or mismanaged， they may not only cause personal privacy leakage and property loss， but also pose a threat to public safety and even military security. Therefore， real-time and accurate detection and warning of UAVs in the airspace plays an important role. In this regard， a multi-channel interactive attention and edge contour enhancement （MCIAECE） method for infrared UAV detection is proposed. Firstly， the shallow and deep features of the infrared image are extracted by constructing a multi-channel consisting of a multi-channel interactive attention mechanism module and an edge contour enhancement module， after which the attention mechanism enhances the target features while the edge contour enhancement obtains more detailed information. Then the extracted features of each layer are fused and enhanced using the multilevel feature fusion module to obtain the detection results. The experimental results show that better results can be achieved with multi-channel interactive attention and edge contour enhancement on all three datasets. Among them， the best results are obtained on the NUDT-SIRST infrared dataset， with the detection probability and intersection and concurrency ratio of 98.83% and 85.11% respectively compared with the baseline network， and the effect is significant in the edge contour restoration of the target compared with other methods.

Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices

• Research on the Punch-through Phenomenon of Separate Absorption， Charge， and Multiplication Avalanche Photodetectors

  LI Chong, MA Zi-Yi, YANG Shuai, LIU Yue-Wen, WANG Jia-Xuan, LIU Yun-Fei, DONG Yu-Sen, LI Zi-Qian, LIU Dian-Bo

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (91) HTML (0) PDF (1.38 MKB)(155)

  Abstract:

  In this paper, the punch-through phenomenon was studied, based on a fabricated separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodetector (SACM APD). The spectral response, capacitance characteristics, and I-V characteristics at different operating temperatures of the APD were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile, the device performance before and after the punch-through phenomenon were compared, and the model of the electric field region formed by external voltage was analyzed, based on the measurement results and the simulated the electric field and energy band distributions by the SILVACO. When the ion implantation energy of the charge layer was 580KeV, the simulated device has a punch-through voltage of -30V and a capacitance reduction of one-third before punch-through. Then, a Si SACM APD was prepared based on CMOS process. The punch-through voltage of the device was -30V and the capacitance was reduced to 1/3@1MHz before punch-through, which exactly match the simulation results. Moreover, the photocurrent after punch-through increases to 2.18 times of the before value at 808 nm. The peak responsivity increases from 0.171 A/W@590 nm to 0.377 A/W@820 nm.

• A near-infrared all-fiber mode monitor based on the mini-two-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer

  ZHU Xiao-Jun, LIU Yu, WU Yue, ZHUANG Hao-Ran, SUN Dan, SHI Yue-Chun, CAO Juan, YANG Yong-Jie

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (102) HTML (0) PDF (1.20 MKB)(171)

  Abstract:

  A novel near-infrared all-fiber mode monitor based on a mini-two-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MTP-MZI) is proposed. The MTP-MZI mode monitor is created by fusing a section of no-core fiber (NCF) and a single-mode fiber (SMF) together with an optical fiber fusion splicer, establishing two distinct centimeter-level optical transmission paths. Since the high-order modes in NCF transmit near-infrared light more sensitively to curvature-induced energy leakage than the fundamental mode in SMF, the near-infrared high-order mode light leaks out of NCF when the curvature changes, causing the MTP-MZI transmission spectrum to change. By analyzing the relationship between the curvature, transmission spectrum, and spatial frequency spectrum, the modes involved in the interference can be studied, thereby revealing the mode transmission characteristics of near-infrared light in optical fibers. In the verification experiments, higher-order modes were excited by inserting a novel hollow-core fiber (HCF) into the MTP-MZI. When the curvature of the MTP-MZI changes, the near-infrared light high-order mode introduced into the device leaks out, causing the transmission spectrum to return to its original state before bending and before the HCF was spliced. The experimental results demonstrate that the MTP-MZI mode monitor can monitor the fiber modes introduced from the external environment, providing both theoretical and experimental foundations for near-infrared all-fiber mode monitoring in optical information systems.

Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science

• Structural Design of a Wide-ridge Mid-wave Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Based on a Supersymmetric Waveguide

  DU Shu-Hao, ZHENG Xian-Tong, JIA Han, CUI Jin-Tao, ZHANG Shi-Ya, FENG Yu-Lin, LIU Yuan, LIU ming, ZHANG Dong-Liang

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (98) HTML (0) PDF (1004.59 KKB)(180)

  Abstract:

  In the process of power scaling large-area quantum cascade lasers （QCLs）， challenges such as degradation of beam quality and emission of multilobe far-field modes are frequently encountered. These issues become particularly pronounced with an increase in ridge width， resulting in multimode problems. To tackle this， an innovative multiridge waveguide structure based on the principle of supersymmetry （SUSY） was proposed. This structure comprises a wider main waveguide in the center and two narrower auxiliary waveguides on either side. The high-order modes of the main waveguide are coupled with the modes of the auxiliary waveguides through mode-matching design， and the optical loss of the auxiliary waveguides suppresses these modes， thereby achieving fundamental mode lasing of the wider main waveguide. This paper employs the finite difference eigenmode （FDE） method to perform detailed structural modelling and simulation optimization of the 4.6 μm wavelength quantum cascade laser， successfully achieving a single transverse mode QCL with a ridge width of 10 μm. In comparison to the traditional single-mode QCL（with a ridge width at about 5 μm）， the MRW structure has the potential to increase the gain area of the laser by 100%. This offers a novel design concept and methodology for enhancing the single-mode luminous power of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers， which is of considerable significance.

Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology

• Performance analysis of electro-optic sampling detection technique with thin GaSe crystal in mid-infrared band

  DU Hai-Wei, WANG Jing-Yi, LI Qiang-Shuang, SUN Chang-Ming

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (80) HTML (0) PDF (646.82 KKB)(127)

  Abstract:

  Electro-optic sampling （EOS） detection technique has been widely used in the terahertz science and technology， and it also can measure the field time waveform of the few-cycle laser pulse. Its frequency response and band limitation are determined directly by the electro-optic crystal and duration of the probe laser pulse. Here， we investigate the performance of the EOS with thin GaSe crystal in the measurement of the mid-infrared few-cycle laser pulse. The shift of the central frequency and change of the bandwidth induced by the EOS detection are calculated， and then the pulse distortions induced in this detection process are discussed. It is found that this technique produces a red-shift of the central frequency and narrowing of the bandwidth. These changings decrease when the laser wavelength increase from 2 μm to 10 μm. This work can help to estimate the performance of the EOS detection technique in the mid-infrared band and offer a reference for the related experiment as well.

Application of Optical-Biomedical Fusion and Imaging Technology

• Alignment-Optimised Coaxial Visible-NIR-II Dual-Channel Surgical Navigation System and Its Clinical Application in Blood-Supply Assessment

  Zhang Yu-Huang, Liu Xiao-Long, Sun Si-Ying, Fan Xiao-Xiao, Lin Hui, Qian Jun

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (114) HTML (0) PDF (1.64 MKB)(251)

  Abstract:

  Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 900-1880 nm) offers high signal-to-background ratio (SBR), enhanced definition, and superior tissue penetration, making it ideal for real-time surgical navigation. However, with single-channel imaging, surgeons must frequently switch between the surgical field and the NIR-II images on the monitor. To address this issue, a coaxial dual-channel imaging system that combines visible light and 1100 nm long-pass (1100LP) fluorescence was developed. The system features a customized coaxial dual-channel lens with optimized distortion, achieving precise alignment with an error of less than ±0.15 mm. Additionally, the shared focusing mechanism simplifies operation. Using FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG), the system was successfully applied in dual-channel guided rat lymph node excision, and blood supply assessment of reconstructed human flap. This approach enhances surgical precision, improves operational efficiency, and provides a valuable reference for further clinical translation of NIR-II fluorescence imaging.

红外物理与材料器件

• Multi-physics coupling-based multi-parameter joint optimization technique for aerial target infrared detection

  DING Xiang, QIAO Kai

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (101) HTML (0) PDF (1.49 MKB)(147)

  Abstract:

  One of the key areas of advancement in space-based infrared sensing is the high-sensitivity detection of small and weak targets. A major innovation in this regard is the design of the infrared detection system indicator, which is influenced by the characteristics of the target background radiation. The effectiveness of space-based infrared detection is significantly challenged by airborne targets, especially civil aircraft. These targets are active in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. They exhibit weak and variable radiation characteristics due to complex background clutter and atmospheric attenuation. Aiming to address this issue, this paper proposes a multi-parameter joint optimization method for an airborne target infrared detection system based on the coupling of the multiple physical effects. Firstly, the initial optimization of the target detection spectral band in the sky is completed based on the spectral radiation characteristics of the target, the background, and the spectral atmospheric transmittance change characteristics of the target-sky-based detection platform. Subsequently, the detection sensitivity requirements are proposed. Then, a system parameter optimization method is established with the target motion speed limit, earth background limit, and detection sensitivity as the three major boundaries. This method facilitates the creation of an infrared detection index system for air targets.

毫米波与太赫兹技术

• Research on low-power consumption， high heat dissipation efficiency terahertz quantum cascade laser

  TAN Cheng, YAN Chuan-Feng, ZANG Shan-Zhi, WANG Kai, GAN Liang-Hua, CAO Chen-Tao, CHEN Bing-Qi, CHEN Hong-Tai, ZHANG Yue-Heng, FANG Yu-Long, XU Gang-Yi

  ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.XXXX.XX.001

  Abstract: (90) HTML (0) PDF (1.72 MKB)(239)

  Abstract:

  A single-mode terahertz quantum cascade laser （THz-QCL） with a two-dimensional patch antenna array as a resonant cavity is proposed and realized. The active region of each patch antenna is sandwiched between two metal layers， exhibiting full-scale subwavelength characteristics and exciting a vertical electric quadrupole mode with low radiation loss. The inter-antenna coupling within the array effectively suppresses electromagnetic leakage in the plane， allowing for a high-quality factor and low threshold current density even with only a few antennas in the array. As a result， the laser"s power consumption is reduced to 950 mW. Moreover， the discrete antenna array design provides a larger heat dissipation area compared to the heat-generating area， and with the lateral heat dissipation channels offered by the unpumped regions， the thermal resistance per unit area is as low as 5.6 mK/W/cm². By significantly reducing power consumption and enhancing heat dissipation efficiency， the laser achieves a lasing frequency of 3.18 THz， a side-mode suppression ratio （SMSR） of 19.5 dB， and a beam divergence angle of 35°×35°. It operates continuously at 3.14 mW at 20 K， with a maximum continuous operation temperature of 90 K， notably higher than that of Fabry-Pérot cavity lasers made from the same material. This work provides a novel approach to improve the continuous operating temperature of THz-QCLs.

Volume 44,2025 Issue 1

• SEGMENTATION BASED ON MUMFORD-SHAH MODEL COMBINED WITH NARROW BAND

  Abstract

  2002,21(3):161-166

  Abstract: (2474) HTML (123) PDF (392.26 KKB)(89061)

  Abstract:

  A segmentation model that combines the Mumford Shah(M S) model and narrow band scheme of level set was presented. The disadvantage of Mumford Shah model is computationally time consuming. In each step of its iteration, the data of whole image have to be renewed, which is unbearable for segmentation of large image or 3D image. Therefore, a fast segmentation model was introduce, which combines the M S model and narrow band scheme by a new initialization method. The new initialization method is based on fast marching method, and the computing time decreases to O(N) . In each step of iteration, the new segmentation model only deals with the data in a narrow band instead of the whole image. The experiments show that the two models can obtain almost the same segmentation result, but the computing time of new narrow band M S model is much less than that of M S model.

• TWO-FREQUENCY SCATTERING CROSS SECTION AND PULSE BROADINGENING FOR THE FRACTAL SEA SURFACE WITH PULSE BEAM INCIDENCE

  GUO Li Xin 1) KIM Che Young 2)

  2003,22(2):132-136

  Abstract: (1025) HTML (132) PDF (396.69 KKB)(59544)

  Abstract:

  根据粗糙面基尔霍夫小斜率近似研究了脉冲波入射时实际海谱分布的一维分形海面的电磁散射。分析了毫米波入射时不同分维、入射角和入射中心频率下双频散射截面的散射角分布。结果表明分形海面的双频散射截面在镜反射方向有最大的相关带宽，随着海面分维的减小、入射中心频率和入射角的增加，该相关带宽是增大的。对于入射功率为δ函数时的散射波功率是一个具有一定脉冲展宽的散射脉冲，且脉冲展宽与相关带宽成反比关系。

• LOW-TEMPERATURE RAMAN SCATTERING SPECTRA AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Cd_1-xZn_xTe(x=0.04) OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS

  PEI Hui-Yuan

  2001,20(3):184-188

  Abstract: (1723) HTML (139) PDF (262.82 KKB)(53993)

  Abstract:

  测量了几种不同处理的Cd1-xZnxTe(x=0.04)表面的傅里叶变换拉曼散射光谱和电流－电压（I－V）特性。通过分析拉曼光谱反Stokes分量，并与表面I－V特性进行比较，结果表明与表面处理相联系的晶格声子的行为反映了表面完整性的变化，Te沉淀是影响表面质量的关键因素，并对有关表面处理方法的实际应用进行了讨论。

• OPTICAL SPECTRA OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS

  FuY ChiragwandiZ GoethbergP WillanderM

  2003,22(6):401-405

  Abstract: (1050) HTML (128) PDF (483.11 KKB)(26942)

  Abstract:

  We have studied the optical spectra of low-dimensional semiconductor systems by calculating all possible optical transitions between electronic states. Optical absorption and emission have been obtained under different carrier population conditions and in different photon wavelengths. The line-shapes of the peaks in the optical spectrum are determined by the density of electronic states of the system, and the symmetries and intensities of these peaks can be improved by reducing the dimensionality of the system. Optical gain requires in general a population inversion, whereas for a quantum-dot system, there exists a threshold value of the population inversion.

• OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PbTiO3 THIN FILMS PREPARED BY A MODIFIED SOL-GEL PROCESSING

  HU Zhi Gao WANG Gen Shui HUANG Zhi Ming CHU Jun Hao

  2002,21(3):175-179

  Abstract: (7775) HTML (465) PDF (411.06 KKB)(22190)

  Abstract:

  采用溶胶－凝胶法在石英玻璃衬底上制备出均匀透明的无定形PbTiO3薄膜，并对其 光学性质进行了详细的研究，发现其折射率的波形符合经典的Cauchy函数。由半导体理论计算得到无定形的PbTiO3薄膜的光学禁带宽度为3．84eV.FTIR透射光 谱研究表明无定形PbTiO3薄膜在中红外波段没有吸收峰出现，对于在550℃下 快速热退火得到的PbTiO3薄膜，通过远红外反射光谱测量，观察到了6个约外活性声子膜。

Infrared Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Technology

• DETECTING THE MELAMINE OF PURE MILK BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA

  XU Yun, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Jing-Zhu, ZHANG Xiao-Chao

  2010,29(1):53-56

  Abstract: (10605) HTML (415) PDF (221.64 KKB)(16164)

  Abstract:

  NIRS was used in rapid qualitative and quantitative detection for melamine of pure milk in this paper. Experiment was conducted by preparing two groups pure milk samples which melamine content is different for qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. By combining NIRS technology with the cluster analysis method, A effective classification can be made on the two kinds of milk samples with and without melamine; To achieve this, spectrum pretreatment and wave length choice methods were employed before model optimization. The results showed that NIR models of predicting melamine content in pure milk has good stability and predictive ability.This paper suggested that NIR could be used as a quick, green and convenient method for predicting melamine content of dairy.

• A NOVEL NEURAL NETWORK LEARNING METHOD OF DYNAMICALLY TUNING REGULARIZATION COEFFICIENT ACCORDINT TO FUZZY RULES

  WU Yan 1), 2) ZHANG Li Ming 2)

  2002,21(3):189-194

  Abstract: (1448) HTML (94) PDF (450.58 KKB)(16117)

  Abstract:

  Based on bias variance model, a novel method of dynamically tuning the regularization coefficient by fuzzy rules inference was proposed. The fuzzy inference rules and membership functions were effectively determined. Furthermore, the method was compared with the traditional BP algorithm and fixed regularization coefficien's method. The result is that the proposed method has the merits of the highest precision, rapid convergence and best generalization capacity. The capacity proposed method is shown to be a very effective method by several examples simulation.

• INFRARED OBJECT TRACKING BASED ON PARTICLE FILTERS

  CHENG Jian, ZHOU Yue, CAI Nian, YANG Jie

  2006,25(2):113-117

  Abstract: (7384) HTML (402) PDF (271.63 KKB)(15548)

  Abstract:

  The particle filter is an effective technique for the state estimation in non-linear and non-Gaussian dynamic systems. A novel method for infrared object robust tracking based on particle filters was proposed. Under the theory framework of particle filters, the posterior distribution of the infrared object is approximated by a set of weighted samples, while infrared object tracking is implemented by the Bayesian propagation of the sample set. The state transition model is chosen as the simple second-order auto-regressive model, and the system noise variance is adaptively determined in infrared object tracking. Infrared objects are represented by the intensity distribution, which is defined by the kernel-based density estimation. By calculating the Bhattacharyya distance between the object reference distribution and the object sample distribution, the observation probability model is constructed. Experimental results show that our method is effective and steady.

Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices

• Graphene oxide: progress in preparation, reduction and application

  ZHANG Qian, TANG Li-Bin, LI Ru-Jie, XIANG Jin-Zhong, HUANG Qiang, LIU Shu-Ping

  2019,38(1):79-90 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2019.01.014

  Abstract: (3407) HTML (215) PDF (4.42 MKB)(13765)

  Abstract:

  With the rapid development of graphene industry, graphene oxide has attracted much attention as an important intermediate product for the preparation of graphene. Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, it has been widely used in multitudinous fields. Various structural models, preparation methods, properties and related applications, as well as the reduction of graphene oxide are summarized. The choice of oxidants and reduction agents were found to be important in the reaction. The basic selective principles are discussed after comparing various methods. Finally, it is pointed out that there are still some problems to be solved in the preparation and reduction of graphene oxide. The prospect of graphene oxide on its development and influence will also be evaluated.

• HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

  TAN Kun, DU Pei-Jun

  2008,27(2):123-128

  Abstract: (3024) HTML (936) PDF (735.00 KKB)(13504)

  Abstract:

  多数传统分类算法应用于高光谱分类都存在运算速度慢、精度比较低和难以收敛等问题.本文从支持向量机基本理论出发建立了一个基于支持向量机的高光谱分类器,并用国产OMIS传感器获得的北京中关村地区高光谱遥感数据进行试验,分析比较了各种SVM核函数进行高光谱分类的精度,以及网格搜寻的方法来确定C和愕闹?结果表明SVM进行高光谱分类时候径向基核函数的分类精度最高,是分类的首选.并且与神经网络径向基分类算法以及常用的最小距离分类算法进行比较,分类的精度远远高于SVM分类算法进行分类的结果.SVM方法在高光谱遥感分类领域能得到广泛的应用.

Remote Sensing Technology and Application

• A method for fire detection using Landsat 8 data

  HE Yang, YANG Jin, MA Yong, LIU Jian-Bo, CHEN Fu, LI Xin-Peng, YANG Yi-Fei

  2016,35(5):600-609 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2016.05.015

  Abstract: (3849) HTML (239) PDF (5.05 MKB)(13367)

  Abstract:

  Traditional fire detection methods use the high temperature emission characteristics in mid or thermal infrared bands of the MODIS or AVHRR data to extract burning area. It is very hard for these methods to identify small fire regions such as sub-pixel due to the limitation of spatial resolution. Recently researchers have found that shortwave infrared (SWIR) data can also be used to identify and detect high temperature targets. Compared with the thermal infrared data, SWIR has a big discrimination against different features with different temperature. Thus it can identify accurately the location of high temperature targets. In this paper, we acquired fire point products by using Landsat-8 OLI data which has spatial resolution up to 30 m. The main procedure includes two steps. The improved Normalized Burning Ratio Short-wave(NBRS) is calculated at first to adaptively acquire suspected fire points based on the spectral characteristics of fire points in the near infrared and shortwave infrared. Then most false positive points are excluded based on the relationship between peak value in shortwave infrared band of fire points. This algorithm is capable of detecting the burning area around 10% in one pixel. With the premise of avoiding the interference of cloud and constructions, it can also keep a nearly 90% accuracy and low missing rate around 10%.

• IMAGE FUSION SCHEME OF PIXEL-LEVEL AND MULTI-OPERATOR FOR INFRARED AND VISIBLE LIGHT IMAGES

  LIU Gui Xi YANG Wan Hai

  2001,20(3):207-210

  Abstract: (1306) HTML (111) PDF (196.71 KKB)(13190)

  Abstract:

  A novel pixel level image fusion scheme was presented based on multiscale decompositon. First, the wavelet transform is used to perform a multiscale decomposition of each image. Then, the wavelet coefficients of fused image are constructed using multiple operators according to different fusion rules. This approach is successfully used to fuse the infrared and visible light images. The experimental results show that the fusion scheme is effective and the fused images are more suitable for human visual or machine perception.

Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science

• IMAGE SEGMENTATION BY SPECTRAL CLUSTERING ALGORITHM WITH SPATIAL COHERENCE CONSTRAINTS

  JIA Jian-Hua, JIAO Li-Cheng

  2010,29(1):69-74

  Abstract: (11493) HTML (387) PDF (808.83 KKB)(13034)

  Abstract:

  Image segmentation is one of the difficult problems in computer vision research. Recently spectral clustering has a wide application in pattern recognition and image segmentation. Compared with traditional clustering methods, it can cluster samples in any form feature space and has a global optimal solution. Originating from the equivalence between the spectral clustering and weighted kernel K-means, the authors proposed a spectral clustering algorithm with spatial constraints based on the spatially coherent property of images, also named continuous property. The spatially coherent property means that pixels in the neighbor region should share the same label assignment with the centre one with a high probability. The algorithm adds a term of spatial constraints to the objective function of weighted kernel K-means and makes the minimization of the objective function be equivalent to the spectral clustering through approximation. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional spectral clustering in image segmentation.

• INFRARED TARGET EXTRACTION ALGORITHM BY USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION PARTICLE FILTER

  ZHOU Yue, MAO Xiao-Nan

  2010,29(1):63-68

  Abstract: (11429) HTML (439) PDF (750.21 KKB)(12952)

  Abstract:

  A novel infrared target extraction algorithm based on particle swarm optimization particle filter(PSOPF) was proposed. The problem of infrared target extraction was analyzed and solved in the view of state estimation. In the framework of particle filter, the threshold state space on the gray-variance weighted information entropy and the grey value of each pixel was based on extraction results evaluation function, which integrated grey, entropy, gradient and spatial distribution of pixels. Finally, the weighted average of all the particles was used as target extraction threshold. The experiment results prove that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust.

• METHOD OF SCATTERING CENTER ESTIMATION BY RADAR TARGET FREQUENCY RESPONSE DATA IN CLUTTER ENVIRONMENT

  JIANG Wei Dong CHEN Zen Ping ZHUANG Zhao Wen GUO Gui Rong

  2001,20(2):111-116

  Abstract: (954) HTML (103) PDF (331.55 KKB)(12404)

  Abstract:

  The simulation methods of radar clutter with given amplitude distribution and power spectrum were described, and the simulation results of radar clutter were given. A scattering center model of frequency domain of radar target was presented under the clutter environment and its solution method was studied. Finally, the experimental results of simulation data and the measurement data of aircraft scale model were given.

• IMAGE RETRIEVAL BASED ON IMAGE ENTROPY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ENTROPY

  SUN Jun-Ding, DING Zhen-Guo, ZHOU Li-Hua

  2005,24(2):135-139

  Abstract: (1483) HTML (99) PDF (380.01 KKB)(12058)

  Abstract:

  A new image retrieval algorithm based on image entropy and spatial distribution entropy was presented. At first a more robust method, which can remove the influence of the symmetry of entropy, was proposed to extract the global color feature. Then color spatial distribution entropy vector for each color channel was also introduced to represent the spatial color information. After that, the moments were adopted to reduce the dimension of color spatial distribution entropy. In the end, a low dimensional vector which includes the global and spatial information was used as index for color image retrieval. The experiment results show that the new method gives better performance than color histogram.

• EFFECTS OF APODIZATION FUNCTIONS OF IMAGING FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER ON RECONSTRUCTED SPECTRUM

  ZHANG Wen-Juan, ZHANG Bing, ZHANG Xi, GAO Lian-Ru, ZHANG Wei

  2008,27(3):227-233

  Abstract: (11839) HTML (435) PDF (1.12 MKB)(12022)

  Abstract:

  随着搭载干涉成像光谱仪HJY20-1-A的我国环境与减灾遥感卫星HJ-1A即将发射,我国干涉光谱成像研究也从实验室开始走向实用化.在干涉光谱成像过程中,切趾函数处理是干涉成像光谱仪光谱复原过程中的一个重要环节,对复原光谱的精度有着极其重要的影响.根据HJY20-1-A的参数设置,文中首先模拟了24种典型地物对应于HJY20-1-A和其它最大光程差设置的干涉成像光谱仪数据,在不同切趾函数作用下的复原光谱,结果表明Hanning函数是其中最有效、最为稳定的切趾函数,同时发现切趾函数的应用虽然可以提高复原光谱的精度,但与真实光谱仍存在一定差距,尤其对应HJY20-1-A,复原光谱的精度更加有限.在以上分析基础上,提出了基于仪器线型函数标准化的光谱复原改进算法,实验结果证实了该方法可以显著提高复原光谱精度,尤其适用于最大光程差较小的空间调制型干涉成像光谱仪.最后,就HJY20-1-A复原光谱对3种典型植被指数求解,进一步证明了该方法的有效性.

• SURFACE COMPONENT CHANGE OF Hg0.8Cd0.2Te INDUCED BY HIGH POWER PULSED TEA-CO2 LASER

  CAI Hu, CHENG Zu-Hai, ZHU Hai-Hong, ZUO Du-Luo

  2006,25(3):165-169

  Abstract: (1011) HTML (109) PDF (434.30 KKB)(11561)

  Abstract:

  利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对TEA-CO2强激光脉冲辐照的Hg0.8Cd0.2Te晶片表面进行了观察,并利用电镜自带的能谱分析仪对其表面进行了成分分析.在单脉冲能量为1.91J,峰值功率密度为2.63×107W/cm2的脉冲CO2激光辐照下,晶片表面呈现出熔融迹象,且晶片表面的化学组分比发生明显的变化.理论与实验研究结果表明激光急速加热使晶体表面的Hg-Te键破坏,从而导致Hg损失,而Hg损失程度与热作用过程的时间有关.随着脉冲作用次数的增加,多脉冲的连续作用使Hg损失加剧,晶片表面成分变化更加突出.

Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology

• Design and experimental verification of band-pass frequency selective surface based on metamaterial effective medium theory

  WU Xiang, PEI Zhi-Bin, QU Shao-Bo, XU Zhuo, ZHANG Jie-Qiu, MA Hua, WANG Jia-Fu, WANG Xin-Hua, ZHOU Hang

  2011,30(5):469-474

  Abstract: (2828) HTML (131) PDF (1.09 MKB)(10825)

  Abstract:

  By adjusting the effective permittivity of the unit cell, a new method of constructing metamaterial band-pass frequency selective surface was proposed. The effective permittivity of continuous conducting wires is negative below the plasma frequency and thus a stop-band occurs. By combining the continuous conducting wires with cut wires, we realized a one-dimensional frequency selective surface. Both the theory analysis and simulation results demonstrated the facility and feasibility of the method. We also designed a wide-angle and polarization-independent frequency selective surface based on this method. Two samples were fabricated to validate the proposed method; the experiment results were fairly consistent with the simulation results. The proposed method eliminates the complicated calculation and excessive parameter optimization process. It paves a new way of designing frequency selective surfaces and is of important reference values for fabricating THz frequency selective surface as well as multi-band, tunable and miniaturized frequency selective surfaces.

• RESEARCH ON ELECTRO-INDUCED BIREFRINGENCE IN CRYSTAL SILICON

  ZHANG Yu-Hong, CHEN Zhan-Guo, JIA Gang, SHI Bao, REN Ce, LIU Xiu-Huan, WU Wen-Qing

  2008,27(3):165-169

  Abstract: (7936) HTML (181) PDF (466.11 KKB)(10603)

  Abstract:

  首次测量了硅材料在1.3μm波长处,基于克尔效应和弗朗兹-凯尔迪什效应的电致双折射,进而计算出三阶非线性极化率张量X(3)的分量X(3)xyxy.观测到弗朗兹-凯尔迪什效应引起的折射率变化与入射光的偏振态有关.在实验中,测得了由克尔效应引起的折射率之差为⊿n=5.49×10-16E20,而弗朗兹-凯尔迪什效应引起的折射率之差为⊿n'=2.42×10-16E2.50.