Mid-wavelength infrared detector array based on black phosphorus ink thin film
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1School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China;2State Key Laboratory of Infrared Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China;3School of Microelectronics and School of Integrated Circuits, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China

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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2023YFB3611400 and 2025YFF0524500 ), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62475275, 62174063, 62174061, U24A20295, 62404230), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2023TQ0362, GZB20230795, 2024M753366), Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2023B1515120049), and the National Science Centre (NCN) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

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    Abstract:

    Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) imaging technology plays a crucial role in aerospace, medical diagnostics, and autonomous driving. Van der Waals material black phosphorus (BP) exhibits exceptionally high carrier mobility and an ideal direct bandgap, making it a proven candidate for high-performance room-temperature MWIR sensing. However, the stringent growth conditions and anisotropic growth characteristics restrict the development of BP optoelectronic devices to small-scale laboratory demonstrations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop large-scale, uniform, and high-performance BP photodetector arrays. This study employed a room temperature preparation technique to deposit a large-area, uniform, low-oxidation BP ink film onto thin-film transistors, resulting in the development of a 64 × 64 high-performance MWIR snapshot photodetector array. The room temperature ink preparation process effectively prevents the oxidation of BP during fabrication, achieving a loss ratio as low as 1.12%. Additionally, a gradient centrifugation strategy enhanced the particle size and thickness concentration of the BP ink film, thereby facilitating the transport of charge carriers. The BP ink film array demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 4.52 mA/W in the MWIR range, with pixel light response non-uniformity as low as 10.1%. This study presents a new approach for advancing large-scale MWIR imaging technology.

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History
  • Received:February 02,2026
  • Revised:February 24,2026
  • Adopted:March 02,2026
  • Online: March 02,2026
  • Published:
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