Microwave/millimeter-wave multiband transmission lines, antennas, and passive components with large frequency ratios for integrated sensing and communication applications
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1.Shenzhen University;2.City University of Hong Kong

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National Key Research and Development Program, China (2023YFB4403804, 2021YFA0715301);State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, China (K202422);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China (2022B1515130011);Shenzhen Science and Technology Program, China (CJGJZD20220517142404011);IoT Standards and Application Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China (202310)

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    Abstract:

    The fundamental concepts, operating principles, and recent advancements in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) are presented. A comprehensive review of multiband and large-frequency-ratio micro-wave/millimeter-wave transmission lines, antennas, and passive components—primarily filters and couplers—that are currently suitable for ISAC application scenarios is provided. Various implementation strategies and fabrication techniques for these multiband and high-frequency-ratio structures are comparatively analyzed. The technical characteristics, RF performance, and respective advantages and limitations of different design approaches are systematically summarized. This review offers a diverse and in-depth reference for the continued development of high-performance microwave/millimeter-wave front-end components tailored for ISAC applications.

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History
  • Received:April 29,2025
  • Revised:May 14,2025
  • Adopted:May 19,2025
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