Based on the characteristic of anisotropic reflectance of nighttime TOA （top-of-atmosphere）， a new method was proposed to evaluate the accuracy of on-orbit radiometric calibration of nighttime sensors using a relative accurate simulation of the nighttime radiative transfer. Specially， the Antarctic Dome C site was selected as the study area， and the nighttime on-orbit radiance was simulated by the MT2009 （Miller-Turner 2009） TOA lunar irradiance model and TOA BRDF （Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function） model. After the analysis of the consistency of VIIRS DNB （Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suit Day/Night Band） observed and simulated radiance under the same geometry， it was found that their differences were about 4.97×10^-10 W?cm^-2?sr^-1 one order of magnitude blow the minimum detection threshold of VIIRS DNB （3×10^-9 W?cm^-2?sr^-1） during 2018-2020. So there is good performance of on-orbit radiometric calibration of VIIRS DNB on SNPP and NOAA-20 based on the error range of acceptable instrument sensitivity. Besides， an evaluation of on-orbit radiometric calibration stability of VIIRS DNB was conducted based on the distance-corrected radiance of SNPP VIIRS DNB and NOAA-20 VIIRS DNB. And it was found that when under the same lunar phase angle， the VIIRS DNB radiance kept a good consistency within 6% between SNPP and NOAA-20.