Polar regions play a crucial role in the global climate system, serving as indicators and amplifiers of climate change. Their unique geographical environment and climate processes have a significant impact on the Earth system. Laser altimetry technology, with its sub-meter or even centimeter-level measurement accuracy, has received much attention in polar research. In recent years, the number of satellites carrying laser altimetry payloads in China has gradually increased. However, there are few polar studies based on the altimetry data from Chinese satellites. This paper first verifies the polar elevation accuracy of domestic satellite laser altimetry data using reference terrain. The results demonstrate that the laser data from GF-7 and ZY-3 03 satellites achieve accuracies better than 1 meter in polar regions, while the the Terrestrial Carbon Monitoring Satellite exhibits an accuracy of approximately 1.2 meters. Subsequently, laser altimetry data is employed to assist in constructing three-dimensional polar terrain from stereo imagery, with the resulting topographic products meeting the cartographic standards for 1:10,000 scale topographic maps, thereby validating the effectiveness of the composite surveying and mapping method in polar regions. Finally, multi-source laser altimetry data is integrated to calculate ice sheet surface elevation changes, revealing the application potential of domestic satellites in polar change monitoring. This study comprehensively evaluates the polar application capabilities of domestic satellite laser altimetry data from multiple perspectives, providing critical references for future large-scale polar research utilizing domestic satellite data.