Particles in the atmosphere change the polarization state of light by scattering and absorption, and analyzing and measuring the polarization information of the light can provide a wealth of important information about the composition of the particulate matter. Soot is the main absorptive particulate matter in the visible light range. Light scattering and absorption in atmosphere can change optical polarization properties. Analysis and Measurement on interaction of polarized light with atmospheric particulates can provide important information to evaluate the atmospheric composition and conditions. In this paper, it was proposed a polarization character focusing on the evaluation of soot content in the air, based on our polarized photon scattering simulation program. The simulation results demonstrate that the polarization parameter at a specific scattering angle can identify the soot particles from the other air pollutants and corresponding experiments classify the preliminary study. Compared with non-polarization optical measurement, polarization characterization can not only be improved from the current non-polarization scattering instrument, but enhance the contrast of distinguishing different type particles and optimize the detection setup.