The study aims to reveal the detection advantages of infrared polarization imaging systems on aerostat platforms against the background of sea fog. Firstly, based on the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function, the study analyzes the variation of polarization characteristics with observation angles, indicating the applicability of infrared polarization in oblique viewing from aerostats. Secondly, using Monte Carlo method and the MRTD model, the study constructs a model for the maximum operating distance of infrared polarization imaging systems, thereby verifying the advantages of infrared polarization imaging over infrared intensity imaging in maintaining features and detection distance under sea fog conditions. This provides theoretical analysis and simulation evidence for the deployment of infrared polarization detection technology on aerostat platforms.