Infrared Differential Detectors: A New Paradigm Beyond the Limits of BLIP
Infrared Differential Detectors: A New Paradigm Beyond the Limits of BLIP
Infrared Differential Detectors: A New Paradigm Beyond the Limits of BLIP
Infrared Differential Detectors: A New Paradigm Beyond the Limits of BLIP
Infrared Differential Detectors: A New Paradigm Beyond the Limits of BLIP
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HAO Fei, She Wei-lin, YANG Hai-yan, Hu Yi-lin, Xing Xiao-shuai, YANG Mei-hua, Xing Wei-rong, SUN Hao
2025,46(8):1-6
Abstract:
An improved mercury-rich vertical liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) technique is described. This technique achieves the growth of HgCdTe materials through the optimization of graphite boat design and the control of growth solution. By optimizing the temperature field with flow field simulation calculations, the material quality is significantly improved. The material′s thickness standard deviation is less than 0.23, and its composition standard deviation is less than 0.001. This technique successfully achieved the growth of multiple 36 mm×42 mm HgCdTe bilayer heterojunction materials in a single operation, with stable mass production. The obtained material meets the requirements for the development of large-array p-on-n infrared focal plane detectors in terms of key performance indicators such as thickness uniformity, doping concentration, and surface defects.
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ZHANG Gui-ming, ZHU Jun-feng, ZHANG Ting, DU Zhi-qinag, WU Bin, YANG Yan-zhao, CAI Gao-hang
2025,46(8):7-12
Abstract:
Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is one of the most commonly used terahertz (THz) radiation sources in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems. Based on the principle of terahertz signal generation by PCA, a fiber-coupled terahertz radiation source module excited by a 1560 nm laser is designed and simulated using a PCA chip based on InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice. Through the integrated design of optical path and structure, a miniaturized fiber-coupled terahertz radiation source is achieved. Under excitation with a femtosecond pulse laser with an average power of 25 mW, a pulse width of 100 fs, and a central wavelength of 1560 nm, the terahertz signal spectrum obtained from a single waveform sampling of the terahertz radiation source extends from 0.1 to 2.9 THz, with a dynamic range of 57 dB. Furthermore, the relationship between the output signal amplitude of the terahertz radiation source and the bias voltage and excitation light power is experimentally investigated.
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YU Jian-xiong, HE Yu-lun, HUAN Bin, LIU Xiang, DU Hai-wei
2025,46(8):13-21
Abstract:
Ultrashort terahertz (THz) pulses coupled with the scanning tunneling microscopy possess imaging capabilities with ultra-high spatial-temporal resolution, offering promising applications in material surface imaging, property diagnosis, and testing. The operating principle of THz tunneling scanning microscopy and the factors influencing the tunneling current are analyzed based on the Simmons model. Combined with numerical calculations, the influences of THz pulse parameters and sample work function on the barrier and tunneling current are studied in detail. The results show that the tunneling current is a periodic function of the THz pulse phase. The tunneling current induced by the THz electric field and the DC bias electric field has a critical value, determined by the work function of the material. Above this critical value, the tunneling current becomes a linear function of the THz electric field. As the THz pulse width increases, the number of electrons rectified by the tunneling current decreases in an oscillatory manner and tends to be stable. These research results have a good reference value for an in-depth understanding of the microscopic physical mechanism of terahertz tunneling scanning microscopy technology and guiding related experiments.
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Wang Wenxuan, Li Yao, Wang Liguo
2025,46(8):22-29
Abstract:
To better characterize the radiation polarization characteristics of the object surface, a two-component polarization bidirectional reflectance distribution function (PBRDF) model based on the Cauchy distribution is established based on the P-G model and the distribution of microfacets on the surface. Based on the transmission characteristics of infrared polarization radiation, a linear polarization model for infrared radiation is derived using the blackbody radiation law. This model is then tested through a designed infrared polarization imaging experiment. Measured data are compared with numerical calculation results to analyze the impact of the Cauchy distribution on the accuracy of the infrared polarization model compared to the Gaussian distribution. The results show that the micro-facet model characterized by the Cauchy distribution is more suitable for describing the infrared polarization degree of an object surface. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for further optimizing the accuracy of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model.
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XuZhangLi, TianHaoBin, LI Xuelei, CUI Lei, YIN Bo, ZhongYingLong
2025,46(8):30-37
Abstract:
As a non-contact temperature measurement tool, infrared thermal imagers offer significant advantages in hot stamping processes. However, their measurement accuracy is susceptible to multiple factors, including surface emissivity, observation angle, and target temperature. A temperature measurement optimization method based on dynamic emissivity compensation is proposed. Projection measurement technology is used to accurately obtain the spatial angular parameters of complex curved parts. Then, the effect of observation angle and temperature value on temperature measurement deviation is quantitatively analyzed through experiments. A machine learning algorithm is employed to construct a nonlinear mapping model between emissivity and multidimensional variables, enabling intelligent compensation of dynamic emissivity parameters. Experimental results show that after compensation, the temperature measurement system error can be stably controlled within the range of ±1.5 °C, improving accuracy by 60% compared to the fixed emissivity mode. This method provides an effective solution for the application of high-precision infrared temperature measurement in intelligent manufacturing scenarios.
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XU Jian-Guo, ZHANG Kai-Kun, DUAN Wei, HE Jiang, YAO Lian-Bi
2025,46(8):38-48
Abstract:
Accurately locating the boundary points of complex-shaped tunnel contour changes and extracting the contours of each segment can provide strong support for tunnel deformation monitoring, point cloud orthophoto generation, and reconstruction of existing tunnel models. Based on high-precision tunnel point cloud data collected by mobile laser scanning, the original cross-section point cloud is first extracted and preprocessed, and then contour changes are identified by using the neighborhood density features of contour feature points. Finally, the mileage positioning method and boundary extraction algorithm are combined to complete the tunnel segmentation and contour extraction. Experiments using measured data from a subway tunnel and a highway tunnel verify the feasibility of this method. Compared with existing research, this method breaks away from the high dependence on the tunnel′s central axis, can independently and accurately identify contour changes, and effectively improves processing efficiency. It provides an efficient and innovative solution for engineering applications related to complex-shaped tunnel segmentation and contour extraction, and has a certain reference value for the application optimization of high-performance laser scanning technology.
Volume 46,2025 Issue 8
Articles
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Research on Design and Calibration of Terahertz source Based on Difference Frequency Generation
ZHU Jun-feng, ZHANG Gui-ming, ZHANG Ting, HU Xiao-ning, Wang Tong, LIU Ming, DU Zhi-qiang, JIANG Jin-chun
Abstract:
The difference-frequency module serves as the core component of the tunable terahertz source, with its performance directly determining the efficiency of terahertz generation. To enhance the terahertz output power, this study designed laser beam reduction systems with 2:1 and 3:1 ratios based on laser parameters after optical power amplification. This ensures consistent beam diameters for optimized spatial mode matching. Through polarization calibration, the lasers maintain linear horizontal polarization to fully exploit the crystal's maximum nonlinear coefficient. Post-alignment, the dual beams achieve precise spatial overlap, forming a focused spot of approximately 22 μm after passing through the focusing lens, thereby significantly enhancing difference-frequency conversion efficiency. Experimental verification confirms that this module has successfully enabled terahertz wave generation.
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PM2.5 signal recognition and interpretable retrieval based on satellite infrared data
WANG Gen, YUAN Song, YE Song, FAN Chuan-yu
Abstract:
Particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) on the ground has a negative impact on human health and the economy. Most methods obtain PM2.5 from satellite derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) indirect products or daytime atmospheric top reflectance. The purpose of this paper is to directly use the advanced geosynchronous radiation imager (AGRI) infrared data from Fengyun-4B satellite and artificial intelligence models to retrieve PM2.5 with spatial and temporal resolution of 4 kilometers and 15 minutes in the Yangtze-Huaihe region in near-real time throughout the entire time period (including day and night). Firstly, explore the signal response of AGRI brightness temperature to different levels of PM2.5 in different seasons; Secondly, a study on AGRI brightness temperature retrieval of PM2.5 was conducted based on the random forest method in different seasons. The experimental results showed that the PM2.5 correlation coefficients obtained from the seasonal retrieval were all over 0.87; Finally, based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), the model was interpretable and the contribution of geographic information to PM2.5 was found to be significant. And further explored the application of the products mentioned in this paper.
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Study on the solution of atmospheric transmittance based on HO-RF
Abstract:
In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of obtaining atmospheric transmittance parameters in infrared radiation test, this study proposes an atmospheric transmittance solution model based on HO-RF algorithm. The model takes the key environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, operating distance and atmospheric pressure as input, and establishes a regression solution model based on the measured data, so as to realize the rapid and accurate solution of atmospheric transmittance. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional BP neural network and RF model, the proposed HO-RF model performs better in terms of solution accuracy. The root mean square error ( RMSE ) is reduced to 0.010745, the R2 value is 0.95877, and the mean absolute error ( MAE ) is 0.0080021. The model proposed in this study can effectively reduce the complexity of experimental operation. Compared with the traditional method, it has higher accuracy, stability and reliability, and improves the efficiency of infrared characteristic test of fighter aircraft, which has good practical application value.
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An Intelligent Identification Method and Its Application for Downhole Fluid Types Based on Big Data in Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Kong Sun, Shen Yang, Yu Qiang, Chu Xiaodong, Bao Zhongli, Zuo Youxiang
Abstract:
Although COSL has successfully developed downhole optical spectrum analyzers, there are still shortcomings in interpretation, especially intelligent fluid identification driven by downhole spectral data in real time. In this paper, an intelligent fluid identification method driven by spectral data in real time is proposed for the first time. Firstly, based on a large number of measured spectral and fluid data, a database of various fluids is established. The spectral data and fluid types in the database are then preprocessed separately. The spectral data of 256 channels are further reduced by principal component analysis, and the first 10 principal components are chosen as input variables. Fluids are divided into 5 types (output variables): gas, oil, water, slurry (emulsified fluid, or invalid measurement), oil/gas-water mixture. Next, 23 pattern recognition models are used for modeling of fluid identification, including various trees, discriminants, support vector machines, K-nearest neighbor methods, artificial neural networks and so on. All the models are then analyzed and compared, and the best model is selected to be embedded in the formation test tool. The test accuracy of the 23 models after training is 78.1% - 99.9%. The artificial neural network is the best (accuracy of 99.9%). Finally, the spectral data from more than 40 sampling stations are employed to further examine the best model. The results show that the best model can accurately predict fluid types. The new intelligent identification method lays a solid foundation for eliminating the influence of water on the oil and gas spectra and analyzing the composition of oil and gas more accurately, thus reducing operation risks and saving operation time and costs.
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Study on the Frustum-shaped defects on the surface of HgCdTe film prepared by Liquid Phase Epitaxial growth
Yang Meihua, Xing Xiaoshuai, Yang Haiyan, Hu Yilin, Li Qian, Wang Lijun
Abstract:
In order to reduce the influence of the defects of telluride cadmium mercury (HgCdTe) thin films grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on the performance of infrared detectors, a special type of surface defects, the frustum-shaped defect, was systematically studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, focused ion beam and comparative experiments. The size of these defects ranges significantly, from approximately 150 to 400 micrometers, and under an optical microscope, they exhibit a morphology resembling a frustum with a concave center. Compositional analysis revealed no significant differences between the surface of the defect and the normal film morphology. Further analysis of the interface between the tellurium zinc cadium (CdZnTe) substrate and the HgCdTe film indicated that these penetrating defects orginate from triangular telluride inclusions with central holes on the CdZnTe substrate, and the size of tellurium inclusions is almost above 20 μm. Therefore, by improving the quality of the CdZnTe substrate and enhancing substrate screening, the frustum-shaped defects in HgCdTe films can be reduced, thereby improving the quality of HgCdTe epitaxial materials. This enhancement is essential to meet the demands of high-performance infrared detector development.
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ZHANG Min, HAN Fang, KANG Jian, SUN Hao, GUO Liang, LI Chun-ling
2019,40(6):35-43
Abstract:
The characteristics of infrared thermal imaging technology are introduced, and the civilian application of infrared thermal imaging technology in civil aviation, electric power, petrochemical, forest fire prevention, medical and other civil fields is discussed. The market situation of infrared thermal imaging technology is introduced, and the development demand of infrared thermal imaging technology in different application fields are analyzed.
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2008,29(8)
Abstract:
介绍了一种利用MATLAB和数值逼近理论计算费米函数的简捷方法.计算结果的误差在10-6数量级,甚至可以更高.与其他方法相比,该方法具有精度高、使用便捷和速度快等优点.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
In this paper,the principle and features of four-wave mixing are given.The generation of four-wave mixing is derived in theory and the applications of four-wave mixing in the DWDM for optical fiber communication,phase conjugation wave generation and real time optical detection are given.The study in this paper is aimed at more completely knowing the application direction of the four-wave mixing, a typical nonlinear optical effect and finding more applications for the four-wave mixing by summing up the existing relatively mature applications and research methods.
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Nie Jianhua, Liu Jiaqing, Meng Xin, Han Shunli
2019,40(6):44-48
Abstract:
In order to realize the reasonable classification of optical spectrometers, the classification study is carried out from the working band and spectroscope of the spectrometer. On the basis of in-depth research on the development status of existing spectrometer products at home and abroad, the related research is summarized and analyzed, and the specific classification methods and classification results are given. At the same time, by using known spectrometry technology and the research result, the comparative research conclusions of spectrometers are introduced, and the key technologies and core components are pointed out. This conclusion can provide spectrometer researchers with a panoramic viewing angle and also provide a valuable reference for tracking industry development.
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2010,31(3):42-46
Abstract:
According to the finite difference principle, a one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger equation can be converted into a set of nodal linear equations expressed in a matrix equation after the space is divided into a series of discrete nodes with an equal interval. The matrix left division command offered in the MATLAB software can be used to derive the function approximation of each unknown nodal function. This method is simple in concept, convenient in operation and can solve large linear equations without more efforts in programming.
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2019,40(7):35-46
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The noise sources and denoising methods of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging are reviewed. The method and operation of suppressing noise are analyzed and given from the aspects of imaging principle, noise source and occurrence mechanism. The composition and characteristics of the interference are analyzed in detail, the effective removal method is given, and the signal quality algorithm in the process of brain imaging analysis and modeling of near-infrared spectroscopy is improved. These methods can provide guidance for the analysis and processing of near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging data. Three noise sources that affect near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging signals are summarized: instrumental noise, experimental error and physiological interference from the body. Two practical denoising algorithms are given and the development trend of imaging technology is expounded.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
The good properties of THz wave and how to use photoconductive antenna and optical rectification to generate THz wave are described in detail.The applications of THz wave in long distance surveillance,imaging,exploder distinguishing,nondistructive inspection and particularly in the field of military are presented.
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GUO Xiao-Dong, ZUO Zhi-Gao, YUE Song, HONG Pu
2019,40(7):18-25
Abstract:
The theoretical model of infrared point target detection system is systematically analyzed. The transmittance of medium-wave and long-wave infrared light under typical atmospheric conditions is calculated by establishing the atmospheric stratification model and combining the MODTRAN model. The comparison data of the two calculation results can provide reference for the band selection in the design of infrared detection system. By analyzing the theoretical model of infrared radiation intensity of targets, the infrared radiation intensity of several typical targets in different wavebands is calculated, which provides support for the demonstration of operation range for IR system. Based on the probability density distribution function of infrared image noise, the theoretical formulas of image signal-to-noise ratio, system detection probability and false alarm probability are derived, which provide reference for setting detection threshold. The theoretical model analysis results of infrared point target detection system''s operation range can offer an important theoretical support for improving the credibility of infrared detection system''s operation range demonstration and the rationality of system parameter design.
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2010,31(3):11-14
Abstract:
The typhoon center is usually located manually by meteorologists. This location method has a low degree of automation. According to the movement characteristics of typhoon and the meteorological analysis theory, a single infrared satellite cloud image is used to establish a method for extracting the dominant cloud movement vectors. On this basis, the optimal target function for locating the typhoon center automatically is set and resolved. The automatical location of the typhoon with an eye or without an eye is realized. The method is used to simulate the automatical location of the center of typhoon ``HAITANG' in several cloud images obtained in 2005. The result shows that this method has a high location accuracy and can be used as a good technical means for the automatical location of typhoon center.
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2019,40(6):27-34
Abstract:
From the perspective of theoretical numerical simulation and near-field radiation experimental research, the latest research results in near-field thermal radiation heat transfer are introduced. The focus of theoretical research is mainly on heat transfer studies in graphene composites, artificial processing and synthetic metamaterials. The focus of experimental research is on laboratory equipment manufacturing and method innovation based on nanoscale near-field thermal radiation measurements. Very near-field thermal radiation measurements with a minimum distance of only 2 nm have been experimentally implemented. Further research on near-field thermal radiation provides a theoretical basis for thermal photovoltaic, radiant cooling and efficient energy harvesting applications.
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wngxinkun, zhaofang, wangjianjiang
2019,40(7):1-11
Abstract:
With the advent of various new types of detection radars, advanced infrared detectors and precision guided weapons, infrared & radar compatible stealth materials have become the focus of current stealth technology research. The stealth principle and research status of traditional and new infrared & radar compatible stealth materials are reviewed, and the development direction of future infrared & radar compatible stealth materials is summarized and forecasted.
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2013,34(7):15-19
Abstract:
Starting from the Schrodinger equation, the influence of different Al composition and different temperatures on the absorption spectra of wide quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) is studied. It is found that when the Fermi level is fixed, the ground state bound energy of the quantum well may increase with the increasing of the Al composition and the corresponding absorption spectral peak tends to move toward the short wave. In addition, the influence of the ambient temperature on the response spectra of AlGaAs/GaAs QWIPs is negligible. After theoretical calculation, the rule of the absorption spectrum of an AlGaAs/GaAs QWIP changing with quantum well width, Al composition and temperature is given.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
第一部分 一、探测与识别 1.高光谱图像的结构模型中正交子空间投影探测器与匹配滤光片的分析比较(P.Bajorski,美国罗彻斯特理工学院)
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Gao Yuxuan, Chen Xingming, Dai Jun, Yang Meixia, Huang Shoubin, Chen Xiang, Hou Zhenyan, Huang Jian
2023,44(4):20-32
Abstract:
Focusing is a key part of the launch focusing device in highenergy laser systems, and the focusing mechanism plays an important role in the targeting and striking accuracy of the system. In order to understand the research status and development trend of focusing mechanism, various types of foreign mature focusing mechanisms are introduced firstly. The principle of their focusing control and the solutions of various technical problems are analyzed. The domestic research situation focuses on four types of focusing mechanisms: cam, screw, worm gear and direct drive. For each form of focusing mechanism, the basic principle of controlling focusing is analyzed, and the design features of the focusing mechanism applied to different systems are introduced. By analyzing the design and control of each type of focusing mechanism, the advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared, and the design ideas and research directions of the focusing mechanism for high-energy laser systems are proposed to lay the technical foundation for the research on focusing mechanism of high-energy laser systems.
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2008,29(8)
Abstract:
本文研究由介电系数和磁导率为负的材料组成的一维光子晶体中的电磁波脉冲的传播特性.利用传输矩阵的方法,计算出了该结构中脉冲传播的透射谱和相时间.数值结果表明,在光子带隙的带边和带底会分别出现脉冲传播速度减慢和加快的现象.若周期结构中间存在缺陷层,光子带隙中会出现极窄的透射峰,因此,对应于该频率的电磁波在该体系中传播时速度会变得更加缓慢.
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PAN Ming-zhong, QI Hong-xing, XIAO Gong-hai, SHU Rong
2010,31(1):1-7
Abstract:
A compact field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer based on a prism-grating-prism structure is presented. The system is designed for the wavelength range from visible light to near infrared. It has 344 spectral bands with the spatial resolution higher than 10 nm and the spectral resolution higher than 1 mrad. To study the unmixing of mixed pixels, the basic principle of the field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer is described, the main specifications of the system is analyzed, the design of the system is discussed in detail and related tests are conducted. The test results show that the system has both higher spatial resolution and higher spectral resolution. Because of its compactness and reliable operation, it is very suitable for field applications. Thus, the feasibility of the use of a compact field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer in the research on the unmixing of mixed pixels is verified.
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2011,32(8):25-28
Abstract:
Sea-sky-line detection can be implemented by effectively suppressing the background and enhancing the target in an image according to the features of sea-sky environment. An improved method for wiping off crass points is proposed on the basis of the linear fitting algorithm. The method is simulated with the Matlab software. The simulation result shows that this improved method can effectively detect the positions of the sea-sky-line and ships against the sea-sky background. It provides a good basis for target recognition and image registration.
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WUWEI, HANSHUNLI, HOUXIBAO, LIULEI, XIANGGUOQING
2017,38(6):1-7
Abstract:
According to the spectral response curves and dark current of a near infrared two-dolor detector in two different operation wavebands, a signal acquisition system based on the near infrared two-color detector is designed. The system has many current-voltage conversion levels, voltage amplification levels and filter circuit bandwidth levels. It can amplify signals and control bandwidth quickly. Moreover, it provides zero analog signals for four amplify circuits via a Digital-to-Analog (D/A) convertor. This can effectively eliminate the noises caused by the stray light and the dark current of the detector itself. The system has the features of high speed, low noise and high resolution. By using this signal acquisition system, many parameters of the optical system, such as signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range and minimum measurable power, can be improved.
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2016,37(4):27-32
Abstract:
An algorithm combining Light of Sight (LOS) with the OpenGL software interface is proposed. The method uses the depth measuring and occlusion query functions of the OpenGL software interface to determine the effective emission surface in the detection direction and the transfer path of its radiation in mediums. Then, it uses LOS to obtain the radiation characteristics of the target in atmosphere in the detection direction. The simulation result shows that this algorithm is effective and has high computation efficiency.
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BAI Wei, ZHAO Chao, GONG Zhi-hong
2017,38(1):6-11
Abstract:
Combining with the X-ray diffraction technique and the layer-by-layer chemical etch method for peeling damage layers, the depth of the damage layer in InSb crystal introduced by cutting, lapping and polishing was analyzed quantitatively. The structures and causes of damage layers were discussed. The research result showed that cutting was the major process for introducing damage layer on the surface of InSb wafers. The depth of the damage layer introduced by cutting was up to 16 microns. The depth of the damage layer introduced by double-face lapping was about 12 microns. The depth of the damage layer introduced by mechanical-chemical polishing obviously decreased. It was about 2 microns.
