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2026,47(1):1-16 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.01.001
Abstract:
This article reviews the development and frontier challenges of infrared sensing technology in two major domains: "looking upward" for deep space exploration and "looking downward" for Earth observation. In deep space exploration, represented by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), this technology is constantly approaching the physical limits of observation through methods such as ultra-large apertures, very long wavelength band, and ultra-low temperature cooling, aiming to reveal the mysteries of the early universe. The article also elucidates the primary evolution of infrared detection payloads aboard various satellites across different eras, highlighting their representativeness and characteristics. Infrared Earth observation technology has progressed from low spatial resolution and a limited number of bands over a wide swath to improved temporal, spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution over broad spatial and spectral ranges. New technologies such as large-aperture low-background optics, long-wavelength high-sensitivity detectors, on-chip intelligent sensing, and big data twin systems, as well as the large-scale development of "real-time remote sensing" integrating communication, navigation, and remote sensing, and commercial aerospace, will help build the foundation of "Infrared Digital Earth", enhance human beings′ real-time understanding and accurate prediction of the evolution of anomalous events in the Earth′s multi-spheres and various complex cyclic processes, promoting the popularization of infrared Earth observation technology.
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YANG Chuan-hao, YU Xiao-qiang, ZHOU Lin
2026,47(1):17-29 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.01.002
Abstract:
The infrared spectrum (0.78–30 μm) plays a vital role in materials detection, energy harvesting, environmental sensing, and national defense security. However, traditional materials, limited by the strong coupling between intrinsic optical constants and thermal properties, struggle to achieve independent and precise tailoring of the infrared spectrum. Recently, the emergence of hierarchical photothermal metamaterials has provided a novel paradigm to address this challenge. This paper explores a multi-dimensional, multi-physics cross-band infrared spectral modulation mechanism based on micro-nano structure design, focusing on the evolution from microscopic electromagnetic resonance to macroscopic spectral and thermal field management. It reviews the progress of photothermal metamaterials in constructing ideal blackbodies and achieving infrared camouflage, and delves into their breakthroughs in energy applications such as radiative cooling and thermophotovoltaics. Finally, we outline the challenges and opportunities facing this field in both theoretical research and engineering applications, including large-area manufacturing processes and adaptability to extreme environments.
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LIN Pu, MA Bin, DONG Zhongnan, LI Jinji, ZHANG Haoran, CAO Duole
2026,47(1):30-41 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.01.003
Abstract:
The K-band (2.0–2.4 μm) is one of the most important wavebands for ground-based infrared observations, effectively penetrating interstellar dust and observing cool astrophysical objects and high-redshift galaxies. To address the long-standing gap and strong demand for near-infrared astronomical observations in China, this paper reports the astronomical observation results of a domestically developed mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) infrared focal plane camera on the Sun Yat-sen University 80 cm infrared telescope. Located at the Lenghu Astronomical Observatory in Qinghai Province, the telescope is equipped with an HgCdTe infrared focal plane camera developed by the University of Science and Technology of China. Its chip is composed of three 640×512 HgCdTe infrared focal plane array detectors with a pixel pitch of 15 μm, developed by the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Test results show that the 5σ limiting magnitude is 15.3 mag (Vega system) in a single 20-second exposure, reaching the international level of the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), with a photometric accuracy of up to 12 mmag for bright sources. After stacking for 30 minutes and 2 hours, the limiting magnitudes reach 17.5 mag and 18.2 mag, respectively. These results demonstrate that the system can conduct K-band time-domain astronomical observations at different detection depths and temporal resolutions. This achievement marks China ′s first successful astronomical K-band scientific imaging observation using a domestically developed HgCdTe infrared focal plane camera, providing a solid and reliable independent observation platform for infrared astronomy research in China.
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LI Xiao-yan, ZHANG Dong-ge, WANG Xiao-kun, LIU Ting-ting, YANG Guang, LI Zheng-yang, CHEN Jun-lin, HUANG Ling-feng, YANG Chen-wei, WEN Hai-kun, WEI Yan-feng, FU Yu-tian, GONG Xue-fei, YUAN Xiang-yan
2026,47(1):42-55 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.01.004
Abstract:
Infrared astronomy is crucial for exploring the universe, but due to limitations in detector performance and the scarcity of suitable sites, China suffers from a severe shortage of astronomical observation equipment in the infrared band. Kunlun Station in Antarctica possesses unique natural conditions such as dryness, cold, and long polar nights, providing unparalleled advantages for near-infrared astronomical observations. However, it also faces challenges such as harsh environments, unmanned operation, limited energy, and snow and frost accumulation. This paper summarizes the advantages and challenges of near-infrared astronomical observation in Antarctica, the current status and plans for Antarctic infrared astronomy both domestically and internationally, and analyzes the key technologies of Antarctic infrared telescopes and existing technological accumulations (mainly including methods for suppressing radiation from the telescope itself and instruments, methods for de-icing mirrors, infrared detector technology, telescope control systems, and optimized dewar/cryostat design), providing technical references for the future development of Antarctic infrared telescopes.
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2026,47(1):56-69 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.01.005
Abstract:
Since the 1970s, astronomers have detected a set of distinct infrared emission bands across diverse astronomical environments, which are widely recognized as signature features of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). This paper reviews the formation and evolution mechanisms of such interstellar PAHs, mainly covering bottom-up molecular growth pathways such as the hydrogen abstraction-acetylene addition mechanism. It systematically delineates the fundamental vibrational modes corresponding to the characteristic bands at 3.3 μm, 6.2 μm, 7.7 μm, 8.6 μm, 11.2 μm, and 15–20 μm, while elaborating on the effects of molecular edge geometry and heteroatom doping on the peak positions and intensities of these spectral features. Diagnostic methodologies based on band ratio analyses for inferring the ionization states and molecular sizes of PAHs are synthesized, alongside ongoing debates regarding the non-uniqueness of the spectral carriers and the physical-chemical origins of weak far-infrared bands. Finally, the unparalleled advantages of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in infrared imaging spectroscopy are emphasized, providing novel perspectives for advancing our understanding of interstellar organic chemistry.
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ZHONG Jia-jia, ZHOU Xiao-jie, YU Wen-jie, XIE Xin-cheng, TANG Yu-zhao
2026,47(1):70-83 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.01.006
Abstract:
Protein dynamics analysis is central to elucidating biological functions. Owing to its unique combination of temporal resolution and structural sensitivity, infrared spectroscopy has emerged as a pivotal tool for investigating protein dynamical processes. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles, cutting-edge technologies, and practical applications of infrared spectroscopy in the analysis of protein dynamic structures. The temporal resolution capability of infrared spectroscopy has achieved full temporal scale coverage, ranging from the femtosecond to the millisecond level. This capability enables the capture of complete dynamic processes of proteins, spanning from ultrafast relaxation to conformational rearrangement. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy further improves spectral resolution and enhances the analytical capacity for complex protein systems. Infrared spectroscopy has been successfully applied to multiple research fields, including protein folding, ligand binding, and membrane protein dynamics. Notably, it has yielded significant progress in the investigation of critical biological processes such as the folding mechanism of amyloid fibrils, ligand binding of heme proteins, and proton transfer of membrane proteins. In the future, with the development of novel infrared probes and the integration of artificial intelligence technologies, infrared spectroscopy will exhibit greater application potential in the field of protein dynamics analysis.
Volume 47,2026 Issue 1
Opinion
Perspective
Articles
Review
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ZHANG Min, HAN Fang, KANG Jian, SUN Hao, GUO Liang, LI Chun-ling
2019,40(6):35-43
Abstract:
The characteristics of infrared thermal imaging technology are introduced, and the civilian application of infrared thermal imaging technology in civil aviation, electric power, petrochemical, forest fire prevention, medical and other civil fields is discussed. The market situation of infrared thermal imaging technology is introduced, and the development demand of infrared thermal imaging technology in different application fields are analyzed.
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2008,29(8)
Abstract:
介绍了一种利用MATLAB和数值逼近理论计算费米函数的简捷方法.计算结果的误差在10-6数量级,甚至可以更高.与其他方法相比,该方法具有精度高、使用便捷和速度快等优点.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
In this paper,the principle and features of four-wave mixing are given.The generation of four-wave mixing is derived in theory and the applications of four-wave mixing in the DWDM for optical fiber communication,phase conjugation wave generation and real time optical detection are given.The study in this paper is aimed at more completely knowing the application direction of the four-wave mixing, a typical nonlinear optical effect and finding more applications for the four-wave mixing by summing up the existing relatively mature applications and research methods.
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Nie Jianhua, Liu Jiaqing, Meng Xin, Han Shunli
2019,40(6):44-48
Abstract:
In order to realize the reasonable classification of optical spectrometers, the classification study is carried out from the working band and spectroscope of the spectrometer. On the basis of in-depth research on the development status of existing spectrometer products at home and abroad, the related research is summarized and analyzed, and the specific classification methods and classification results are given. At the same time, by using known spectrometry technology and the research result, the comparative research conclusions of spectrometers are introduced, and the key technologies and core components are pointed out. This conclusion can provide spectrometer researchers with a panoramic viewing angle and also provide a valuable reference for tracking industry development.
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2010,31(3):42-46
Abstract:
According to the finite difference principle, a one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger equation can be converted into a set of nodal linear equations expressed in a matrix equation after the space is divided into a series of discrete nodes with an equal interval. The matrix left division command offered in the MATLAB software can be used to derive the function approximation of each unknown nodal function. This method is simple in concept, convenient in operation and can solve large linear equations without more efforts in programming.
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2019,40(7):35-46
Abstract:
The noise sources and denoising methods of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging are reviewed. The method and operation of suppressing noise are analyzed and given from the aspects of imaging principle, noise source and occurrence mechanism. The composition and characteristics of the interference are analyzed in detail, the effective removal method is given, and the signal quality algorithm in the process of brain imaging analysis and modeling of near-infrared spectroscopy is improved. These methods can provide guidance for the analysis and processing of near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging data. Three noise sources that affect near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging signals are summarized: instrumental noise, experimental error and physiological interference from the body. Two practical denoising algorithms are given and the development trend of imaging technology is expounded.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
The good properties of THz wave and how to use photoconductive antenna and optical rectification to generate THz wave are described in detail.The applications of THz wave in long distance surveillance,imaging,exploder distinguishing,nondistructive inspection and particularly in the field of military are presented.
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GUO Xiao-Dong, ZUO Zhi-Gao, YUE Song, HONG Pu
2019,40(7):18-25
Abstract:
The theoretical model of infrared point target detection system is systematically analyzed. The transmittance of medium-wave and long-wave infrared light under typical atmospheric conditions is calculated by establishing the atmospheric stratification model and combining the MODTRAN model. The comparison data of the two calculation results can provide reference for the band selection in the design of infrared detection system. By analyzing the theoretical model of infrared radiation intensity of targets, the infrared radiation intensity of several typical targets in different wavebands is calculated, which provides support for the demonstration of operation range for IR system. Based on the probability density distribution function of infrared image noise, the theoretical formulas of image signal-to-noise ratio, system detection probability and false alarm probability are derived, which provide reference for setting detection threshold. The theoretical model analysis results of infrared point target detection system''s operation range can offer an important theoretical support for improving the credibility of infrared detection system''s operation range demonstration and the rationality of system parameter design.
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2010,31(3):11-14
Abstract:
The typhoon center is usually located manually by meteorologists. This location method has a low degree of automation. According to the movement characteristics of typhoon and the meteorological analysis theory, a single infrared satellite cloud image is used to establish a method for extracting the dominant cloud movement vectors. On this basis, the optimal target function for locating the typhoon center automatically is set and resolved. The automatical location of the typhoon with an eye or without an eye is realized. The method is used to simulate the automatical location of the center of typhoon ``HAITANG' in several cloud images obtained in 2005. The result shows that this method has a high location accuracy and can be used as a good technical means for the automatical location of typhoon center.
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2019,40(6):27-34
Abstract:
From the perspective of theoretical numerical simulation and near-field radiation experimental research, the latest research results in near-field thermal radiation heat transfer are introduced. The focus of theoretical research is mainly on heat transfer studies in graphene composites, artificial processing and synthetic metamaterials. The focus of experimental research is on laboratory equipment manufacturing and method innovation based on nanoscale near-field thermal radiation measurements. Very near-field thermal radiation measurements with a minimum distance of only 2 nm have been experimentally implemented. Further research on near-field thermal radiation provides a theoretical basis for thermal photovoltaic, radiant cooling and efficient energy harvesting applications.
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wngxinkun, zhaofang, wangjianjiang
2019,40(7):1-11
Abstract:
With the advent of various new types of detection radars, advanced infrared detectors and precision guided weapons, infrared & radar compatible stealth materials have become the focus of current stealth technology research. The stealth principle and research status of traditional and new infrared & radar compatible stealth materials are reviewed, and the development direction of future infrared & radar compatible stealth materials is summarized and forecasted.
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2013,34(7):15-19
Abstract:
Starting from the Schrodinger equation, the influence of different Al composition and different temperatures on the absorption spectra of wide quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) is studied. It is found that when the Fermi level is fixed, the ground state bound energy of the quantum well may increase with the increasing of the Al composition and the corresponding absorption spectral peak tends to move toward the short wave. In addition, the influence of the ambient temperature on the response spectra of AlGaAs/GaAs QWIPs is negligible. After theoretical calculation, the rule of the absorption spectrum of an AlGaAs/GaAs QWIP changing with quantum well width, Al composition and temperature is given.
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2011,32(8):25-28
Abstract:
Sea-sky-line detection can be implemented by effectively suppressing the background and enhancing the target in an image according to the features of sea-sky environment. An improved method for wiping off crass points is proposed on the basis of the linear fitting algorithm. The method is simulated with the Matlab software. The simulation result shows that this improved method can effectively detect the positions of the sea-sky-line and ships against the sea-sky background. It provides a good basis for target recognition and image registration.
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Gao Yuxuan, Chen Xingming, Dai Jun, Yang Meixia, Huang Shoubin, Chen Xiang, Hou Zhenyan, Huang Jian
2023,44(4):20-32
Abstract:
Focusing is a key part of the launch focusing device in highenergy laser systems, and the focusing mechanism plays an important role in the targeting and striking accuracy of the system. In order to understand the research status and development trend of focusing mechanism, various types of foreign mature focusing mechanisms are introduced firstly. The principle of their focusing control and the solutions of various technical problems are analyzed. The domestic research situation focuses on four types of focusing mechanisms: cam, screw, worm gear and direct drive. For each form of focusing mechanism, the basic principle of controlling focusing is analyzed, and the design features of the focusing mechanism applied to different systems are introduced. By analyzing the design and control of each type of focusing mechanism, the advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared, and the design ideas and research directions of the focusing mechanism for high-energy laser systems are proposed to lay the technical foundation for the research on focusing mechanism of high-energy laser systems.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
第一部分 一、探测与识别 1.高光谱图像的结构模型中正交子空间投影探测器与匹配滤光片的分析比较(P.Bajorski,美国罗彻斯特理工学院)
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PAN Ming-zhong, QI Hong-xing, XIAO Gong-hai, SHU Rong
2010,31(1):1-7
Abstract:
A compact field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer based on a prism-grating-prism structure is presented. The system is designed for the wavelength range from visible light to near infrared. It has 344 spectral bands with the spatial resolution higher than 10 nm and the spectral resolution higher than 1 mrad. To study the unmixing of mixed pixels, the basic principle of the field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer is described, the main specifications of the system is analyzed, the design of the system is discussed in detail and related tests are conducted. The test results show that the system has both higher spatial resolution and higher spectral resolution. Because of its compactness and reliable operation, it is very suitable for field applications. Thus, the feasibility of the use of a compact field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer in the research on the unmixing of mixed pixels is verified.
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2008,29(8)
Abstract:
本文研究由介电系数和磁导率为负的材料组成的一维光子晶体中的电磁波脉冲的传播特性.利用传输矩阵的方法,计算出了该结构中脉冲传播的透射谱和相时间.数值结果表明,在光子带隙的带边和带底会分别出现脉冲传播速度减慢和加快的现象.若周期结构中间存在缺陷层,光子带隙中会出现极窄的透射峰,因此,对应于该频率的电磁波在该体系中传播时速度会变得更加缓慢.
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WUWEI, HANSHUNLI, HOUXIBAO, LIULEI, XIANGGUOQING
2017,38(6):1-7
Abstract:
According to the spectral response curves and dark current of a near infrared two-dolor detector in two different operation wavebands, a signal acquisition system based on the near infrared two-color detector is designed. The system has many current-voltage conversion levels, voltage amplification levels and filter circuit bandwidth levels. It can amplify signals and control bandwidth quickly. Moreover, it provides zero analog signals for four amplify circuits via a Digital-to-Analog (D/A) convertor. This can effectively eliminate the noises caused by the stray light and the dark current of the detector itself. The system has the features of high speed, low noise and high resolution. By using this signal acquisition system, many parameters of the optical system, such as signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range and minimum measurable power, can be improved.
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2016,37(4):27-32
Abstract:
An algorithm combining Light of Sight (LOS) with the OpenGL software interface is proposed. The method uses the depth measuring and occlusion query functions of the OpenGL software interface to determine the effective emission surface in the detection direction and the transfer path of its radiation in mediums. Then, it uses LOS to obtain the radiation characteristics of the target in atmosphere in the detection direction. The simulation result shows that this algorithm is effective and has high computation efficiency.
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BAI Wei, ZHAO Chao, GONG Zhi-hong
2017,38(1):6-11
Abstract:
Combining with the X-ray diffraction technique and the layer-by-layer chemical etch method for peeling damage layers, the depth of the damage layer in InSb crystal introduced by cutting, lapping and polishing was analyzed quantitatively. The structures and causes of damage layers were discussed. The research result showed that cutting was the major process for introducing damage layer on the surface of InSb wafers. The depth of the damage layer introduced by cutting was up to 16 microns. The depth of the damage layer introduced by double-face lapping was about 12 microns. The depth of the damage layer introduced by mechanical-chemical polishing obviously decreased. It was about 2 microns.
