Abstract:Under the frame of thought experiment, the concept of generalized particle which has variable volume or shape is proposed. The origin of the concept of the speed of light is analyzed. The impossibility of faster-than-light is discussed. The view that the universe originated from the split of an initial photon black hole is proposed. The quasars moving at a speed close to the speed of light are the first evidence for supporting the photon splitting model. Photons can be divided into high energy photons and low energy photons. The arrangement and selection of photonic data are discussed. The concept of blackbody can be derived from the black hole. The derivation process of the blackbody radiation formula based on MATLAB is presented. The blackbody radiation formulae for low energy photons (i.e., the Planck''s formulae) can be obtained by adding a ''zero'' in the photonic data sequence; otherwise, the blackbody radiation formula including high energy photons is obtained and the result tends to infinity. For the description of the ultimate fate of the universe, there needs no introduction of any other concepts or terms such as entropy. By using a photon splitting model plus a radiative heat transfer model, the conclusions equivalent to those from the theories of heat silence or dissipative structure can be obtained. The dark matter particle (or simply, the darklet) model based on photon splitting is presented. The darklets are the second evidence for supporting the photon splitting model. A cycle model between the speed of light and the non speed of light is proposed for the evolution of the universe.

Abstract:According to the features of free-form surfaces which can improve the performance of optical systems and correct aberration, the advantages of using free-form surfaces in off-axis optical systems are analyzed. The optical system used is a Cook-TMA with a field angle of 30°×11°, a focal length of 150 mm and a F number of 3. In this design, the main reflector in the off-axis three-mirror optical system is designed by using a free-form surface. The performance improvement of using Zernike polynomial surface in a wide field off-axis reflecting optical system is analyzed and compared with that of the use of conventional aspheric surface. The advantages and disadvantages of free-form surfaces are analyzed. The results show that free-form surfaces have more advantages in the improvement of imaging quality of off-axis optical systems. The average transfer function of using free-form surface is 15.9% higher than that of using conventional aspheric surface. The system is close to diffraction limit. The use effectiveness of Zernike polynomial surface in the off-axis three-mirror optical system is good and the imaging performance of the system is improved greatly.

Abstract:The nonlinear noise effect in optical fibers is an important factor to limit the development of high power fiber lasers. The threshold of nonlinear effect can be improved by suppressing the time domain instability (self-pulsing phenomenon) of lasers. On the basis of an all-fiber resonator cavity, a simple fiber Fabry-Perot cavity is incorporated. The noise dither is reduced to one third of its original value and stable continuous laser output suppressed by self-pulsing is realized. This simple cavity structure can maintain a higher slope efficiency (76.5%) and can implement high power laser output (48.7 W bump light can generate 36.5 W laser). The all fiber resonator cavity in the cavity structure not only can be used as a stable continuous laser, but also can be used as the seed of higher power fiber amplifiers for limiting the generation of nonlinear effect.

Abstract:To suppress the relative intensity noise (RIN) of fiber DFB lasers, a structure which couples a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) into a fiber laser cavity is designed. On the basis of the gain saturation effect of the SOA, 30 dB RIN of the fiber laser at the relaxation oscillation frequency is suppressed. Furthermore, the optical intensity inside the SOA reaches a balanced state via the intracavity SOA structure. Finally, the frequency noise of the laser does not degrade with the addition of the SOA.

Abstract:Atmospheric correction of the data about Wuliangsuhai Lake from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard Landsat-8 was carried out by using the Vanhellemont & Ruddick algorithm based on shortwave infrared bands. The OLI reflectance derived by this algorithm agreeded well with that from the ENVI Flaash model. Its correlation coefficient was 0.8. The OLI reflectance derived after atmospheric correction was well consistent with the measured value. Their errors at the wavelengths of 483 nm, 561 nm and 655 nm were in the range from 19.3% to 36.5%. This showed that this algorithm was suitable for Wuliangsuhai Lake. On the basis of time series data from the OLI onboard Landsat-8, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of suspended particulate matter concentration were obtained. However, there existed some uncertainties in the retrieval result of suspended particulate matter concentration in Wuliangsuhai Lake. The main reason was that the reflectance from the bottom, submerged vegetation and algae bloom in the lake had great influences on the water leaving reflectance.

Abstract:The band matching among layers of a TCO/β-FeSi2(n)/a-Si(i)/ c-Si(p)/ μc-Si(p ) solar cell is simulated by using the software AFORS-HET. The simulation result shows that the matching of the transparent conductive oxide with the n-type layer has a greater influence on the conversion efficiency, open-circuit voltage and fill factor of a solar cell. The conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved effectively through band matching. Since conduction band compensation can hinter the transport of minority carriers and interface state can accelerate the recombination of minority carriers, conduction band mismatching can be reduced. This is beneficial to the improvement of the conversion efficiency of solar cells. The interface electric field between substrate and back field can improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells.

Abstract:The damage of steam pipes in ship engine rooms is a common fault. The use of thermal imagers is of important value to steam pipe breakage monitoring. The judgment, the monitoring process, the influence of inner environment on monitoring and the corresponding measures when using infrared imagers to monitor steam pipes in daily work are presented. In our daily work, the qualitative judgment is mainly implemented by using a direct-comparison method. During monitoring, the distance between the thermal imager and the target to be measured, the angle of the thermal imager and the ambient temperature in engine compartments have less influences on measurement result judgment. Instead, the emissivity of other heat sources and objects has a great influence on measurement result judgment.

Abstract:The relationship between infrared thermography and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of osteoarthritis is discussed. 90 patients with osteoarthritis were observed by using a prospective research method. The patients were divided into three groups of kidney vacuity and marrow depletion (Shenxu Suikui), Yang deficiency and cold coagulation (Yangxu Hanning) and Blood stasis (Yuxue Zuzhi). Each group had 30 patients. By taking 30 healthy volunteers as a contrast group, a HIR-2000A medical infrared thermograher was used to scan four groups of people. The scanned range included the palm of the hand, the back of the hand, knee and popliteal. The surface temperature values of the corresponding areas were recorded. The surface temperature difference between the group of patients with Yangxu Hanning and the contrast group was of remarkable statistical significance (P<0.01);that between the group of patients of Yuxue Zuzhi and the contrast group was of statistical significance (P<0.05); that between the group of patients of Shenxu Suikui and the contrat group was of no statistical significance (P>0.05). The results showed that infrared thermography could be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of osteoarthritis. It was of important clinical significance in the early diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis.