Since the operators of a certain photoelectric theodolite lack of actual operation experience and have high training cost, a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) image simulation system for the photoelectric theodolite based on Vega Prime is designed and realized. After analyzing the trajectory data of a mission, the conversion relationship between the geocentric coordinate and the simulation coordinate is established. The theoretical position of a target in the simulated scene is obtained. The attitude data of the target are calculated. The theoretical field-of-view angle of the simulated image is calculated according to the parameters of the optical system for the CCD sensor. The experimental results show that because the simulation system renders images both by target simulation and by field-of-view simulation, it can assure the trajectory and attitude of the target to be more consistent with the real mission. The operators of the photoelectric theodolite are trained. Their understanding of the operation flow is enhanced. The training efficiency is improved.