For the case that it is difficult to acquire hyperspectral image data, a hyperspectral image simulation method based on the radiation transfer model PROSAIL is proposed. Firstly, the sensitivity analysis of the input parameters of the PROSAIL model is carried out. On this basis, a parameter calculation model based on a support vector machine is established for five typical biochemical parameters (leaf structure parameter N, chlorophyll content Cab, leaf dry matter content Cm, carotenoid content Car and leaf area index LAI). Secondly, simulated hyperspectral images are obtained through pixel by pixel calculation by using the PROSAIL model according to the typical biochemical parameters. The multispectral image data from CCD1 onboard the environmental satellite HJ1A are used to realize the simulation of hyperspectral image data. After the equivalent simulation results are compared with the multispectral image data, it is found that the average structure similarity of the corresponding bands of two different images is greater than 95%. Except the blue color band, the total relative error is less than 10%. This shows that the proposed method can be used to realize the simulation of hyperspectral images based on multispectral data.