The extraction of image edge features is very important in the processing of images. Compared with the corner information, the edge information contains richer representation mean of the target to be observed. It is of significance to the accurate extraction of target contour. With the improvement of detector's resolution and the increase of data update rate, development of the algorithms for fast and effective edge extraction has been one of the research hotspots. The technique for implementing high-precision image processing algorithms using FPGA is studied emphatically. The basic image processing operations such as Gaussian filter, sobel operator and non-maxima suppression are implemented by using the unique parallel pipeline processing mechanism of FPGA.