To achieve long distance fiber energy transmission and laser conversion, various factors which have influence on the transmission efficiency of a system in the process of energy transmission, such as fiber loss, wavelength selection, matching of photoelectric materials, are analyzed. A photovoltaic conversion chip is designed by growing a InGaAs PIN structure on a semi-insulating InP substrate epitaxially. The structure and interconnect technology of the chip are optimized. Finally, a highly efficient laser energy converter is developed successfully. The test result shows that the laser energy converter has its photoelectric energy conversion efficiency of 28% under the laser illumination at 1550 nm wavelength.