Aiming at ground targets thermal infrared and polarization radiation characteristics of remote sensing detection requirements, soil is taken as the research object which is one of the five typical ground targets in this paper. The ground object thermal infrared multi-angle polarization remote sensing measurement platform and instrument are used to obtain the thermal infrared multi-angle thermal radiation and polarization radiation data of soil under the influence of different factors. In addition, the characteristics of soil thermal and polarization radiation are studied from five aspects of detection angle, azimuth angle, wave band, polarization angle and soil type. The results show that when the incident light source is fixed, the radiance and brightness temperature of the soil increase with the increase of detection angle. When the azimuth angle is 180°, both of them reach the maximum value. And they show different laws with the change of wave band. The influence of polarization angle and soil type on radiance is not significant, but the influence on brightness temperature is significant. The research results can provide new ideas and methods for the application of thermal infrared soil remote sensing, and provide important theoretical support for the further development of thermal infrared and polarization remote sensing.