An epidemiological survey was conducted on the patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution and infrared thermal imaging technology. The physical and infrared skin temperature distribution characteristics of the population were analyzed and described. A standardized TCM constitution scale was used to discriminate and analyze the constitution types of 243 patients who met the LDH inclusion criteria. Infrared imaging technology was used to observe the distribution of skin temperature in the lumbar sacral projection area and the nerve innervation area of double lower limbs. The LDH population is dominated by the type of physique, accounting for 70.7%. The single constitution accounts for 26.3%. The infrared skin temperature of the LDH population is characterized by a thermal deviation in the middle of the lumbosacral region. The shape is of long strip, flake or small clumps. Infrared skin temperature in the nerve innervation area of double lower limbs shows a cold deviation. The results show that the dominant constitution type of LDH population is Yang deficiency and blood stasis, its infrared skin temperature is regularly distributed. Infrared thermal imaging technology has certain diagnostic value for LDH.