Rotary kilns are important calcining equipment in cement clinker production. In the production process of cement clinker, the surface temperature of a rotary kiln should be measured so as to monitor the internal production state of the kiln. Traditional methods usually use single-band infrared temperature measurement technology to monitor the surface temperature of rotary kilns. However, their temperature measurement accuracy are not high enough to obtain accurate temperature measurement data. To improve the measurement accuracy of surface temperature of a rotary kiln, a dual-band infrared temperature measurement method is proposed. First, the traditional rotary kiln temperature measurement method and several main factors which affect temperature measurement are analyzed theoretically. Then, the principle of dual-band temperature measurement is presented and a dual-band temperature measurement model based on the rotary kiln is deduced. Finally, the model is verified experimentally. The experimental result shows that this dual-band infrared temperature measurement method has higher temperature measurement accuracy compared with the traditional single-band temperature measurement method in temperature measurement.