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Zhu Long-Hai, Duan Shi-Kun, Chen Mao-Hua, Bai Yu-Zhuo, Zhao Tian-Ge, Yu Yi-Ye, Wei Qin, Xu Teng-Fei, Martyniuk Piotrt, Wang Zhen, Hu Wei-Da
2026,45(3):345-356. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.001
Abstract:
Mid-wavelength infrared （MWIR） imaging technology plays a crucial role in aerospace， medical diagnostics， and autonomous driving. Van der Waals material black phosphorus （BP） exhibits exceptionally high carrier mobility and an ideal direct bandgap， making it a proven candidate for high-performance room-temperature MWIR sensing. However， the stringent growth conditions and anisotropic growth characteristics restrict the development of BP optoelectronic devices to small-scale laboratory demonstrations. Therefore， there is an urgent need to develop large-scale， uniform， and high-performance BP photodetector arrays. This study employed a room temperature preparation technique to deposit a large-area， uniform， low-oxidation BP ink film onto thin-film transistors， resulting in the development of a 64 × 64 high-performance MWIR snapshot photodetector array. The room temperature ink preparation process effectively prevents the oxidation of BP during fabrication， achieving an oxidation loss as low as 1.12%. In addition， a gradient centrifugation strategy was employed to optimize the lateral size and thickness distribution of the nanosheets in the BP ink， thereby facilitating the transport of charge carriers. The BP ink film array demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 4.52 mA/W in the MWIR range， with pixel light response non-uniformity as low as 10.1%. This study presents a new approach for advancing large-scale MWIR imaging technology.
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Jin Chen-Yang, Kang Ya-Ru, Li Ye-Ran, Yan Wei, Ning Jin, Zhao Yong-Mei, Li Zhao-Feng, Yang Fu-Hua, Wang Xiao-Dong
2026,45(3):357-365. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.002
Abstract:
In high-electron-mobility transistor （HEMT） terahertz detectors， an excessively wide gate can generate oblique modes in the channel， resulting in weakened resonant detection signals and a broadened resonance peak. To address this issue， a side-gate HEMT （EdgeFET） structure was proposed. A resonant detection model for the side-gate device was established based on the hydrodynamic equations of the two-dimensional electron gas （2DEG） in conventional HEMT. A side-gate HEMT detector was fabricated， and terahertz resonant detection experiments were conducted at 77 K. The experimental results indicated that EdgeFET demonstrated distinct resonant responses at 77 K， with the resonant responsivity reaching 3.7 times the maximum non-resonant responsivity. The experimental data were fitted using the theoretical model to validate its accuracy. These results strongly confirm the effectiveness of EdgeFET in enhancing the resonant performance of the detector， providing a new technological approach for the development of next-generation high-performance terahertz detectors.
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Huang De-Bao, Zhou Wei, Huang Jing-Guo, Qiu Qin-Xi, Jiang Lin, Yao Niang-Juan, Gao Yan-Qing, Huang Zhi-Ming
2026,45(3):366-373. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.003
Abstract:
Terahertz （THz） detectors， which play a pivotal role in photoelectric conversion， are essential components in modern information society. Through chemical vapor deposition （CVD）， large-area PtTe2 thin films were synthesized， allowing for the fabrication of THz detectors with varying channel lengths. Characterization results demonstrate that the device response is linearly dependent on both bias voltage and incident power， while the responsivity is inversely proportional to channel length and operational frequency. These findings align with theoretical calculations based on the electromagnetic induced well （EIW） mechanism. Notably， EIW-based devices exhibit a rapid response time of approximately 7.6 μs， with a noise equivalent power （NEP） below 7.9×10-15 W/Hz0.5 and a specific detectivity （D*） exceeding 9×1010 cm·Hz0.5/W under limited bias conditions. These performance metrics surpass those of previously reported semimetallic PtTe2-based detectors.
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Ren Ke-Xin, Liu Zhao-Yang, Qi Feng
2026,45(3):374-384. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.004
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A broadband terahertz （THz） detector chip supporting both direct detection and heterodyne detection modes is designed and fabricated using a 180 nm CMOS process. The detector consists of a loop antenna， a differential detection circuit based on NMOS transistors， and an impedance matching network， with a chip area of 200×200 μm2. Based on the bidirectional radiation characteristic of the loop antenna， a layout scheme that places the radio frequency （RF） signal and local oscillator （LO） signal on opposite sides of the detector is proposed.This scheme eliminates the need for a beam splitter for signal coupling， thereby avoiding signal attenuation. The LO signal is generated by an external independent THz source， which offers advantages in frequency stability and output power compared with on-chip integrated LO sources. To suppress the surface wave loss of the silicon substrate， a high-resistivity silicon lens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 8 mm is integrated on the backside of the chip. The measured results demonstrate that the detector operates over a broadband frequency range of 75-325 GHz. The noise equivalent power （NEP） under heterodyne detection is more than three orders of magnitude better than that under direct detection. The detector achieves its optimal performance at 220 GHz， with a heterodyne NEP of 6.26 fW/Hz and a direct detection NEP of 18.42 pW/Hz1/2.
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Wang Bing, Li Ming-Xun, Lyu Xin
2026,45(3):385-392. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.005
Abstract:
A broadband terahertz （THz） quasi-optical detector based on 3D-printed lens packaging has been presented， covering two typical atmospheric windows at 220 GHz and 340 GHz. The detector consists of an antenna-coupled detector chip and a 3D-printed lens. The chip was packaged on a multi-layer dielectric laminate， with a Schottky diode directly integrated across the feeding terminals of the on-chip antenna. The on-chip integrated broadband planar bowtie antenna was printed on a quartz substrate within the operation frequency range of 201-360 GHz， functioning as a radiator and a radio frequency （RF） choke. Bandwidth enhancement is achieved using a pair of capacitively loaded loops （CLLs） without increasing the antenna size. High-impedance folded low-frequency （LF） leads are incorporated to suppress high-frequency signal leakage. A lightweight， low-cost 3D-printed lens combined with an embedded metallized reflector enables unidirectional radiation and improved mechanical robustness. The detector achieves a maximum voltage responsivity of 2200 V/W over 200-230 GHz and 1885 V/W over 320-350 GHz. Measured radiation patterns agree well with simulations.
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Chen Tian-Ye, Liu Chi-Xian, Wang Ze-Xin, HU Qing-Zhi, PAN Chang-Yi, LING Jing-Wei, LIU Xiao-Yan, ZHU Jia-Qi, DENG Hui-Yong, DAI Ning
2026,45(3):393-401. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.006
Abstract:
Blocked Impurity Band （BIB） detectors have significant application potential in fields such as infrared astronomical space observation. However， studies on their temperature-dependent mechanisms remain limited. In this work， a planar p-i-n structured BIB infrared detector based on high-purity germanium was fabricated using a near-surface processing technique. The device exhibited excellent electrical and photoresponse performance under cryogenic conditions. At 3.3K， the reverse bias current was as low as 15 pA， and good response was maintained below 15K. The blackbody detectivity reached up to
， but decreased with increasing temperature. A current model incorporating photoexcitation， thermal excitation， and impact ionization processes was employed to simulate the experimental results. The analysis revealed that the primary mechanism for performance degradation at elevated temperatures is the significant shrinkage of the depletion region， which reduces carrier collection efficiency. This study provides both theoretical and experimental support for the structural design and performance optimization of BIB detectors for low-temperature infrared detection. - 1
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Liao Lu-Lu, Xu Cai-Xia, Liu Gao-Rui, Lin Chang-Qing, Li Lu-Fang, Sun Hai-Bin, Yang Xing, Xu Long
2026,45(3):402-410. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.007
Abstract:
Surface-microstructured silicon exhibits unique optical properties， demonstrating promising potential for applications in photoelectric sensors， solar cells， and related fields. To further explore the optoelectronic modulation effects based on its surface architecture， this study presents a novel heterojunction photodetector constructed by integrating MXenes （Ti3C2Tx） with microstructured silicon substrate through spin-coating and other fabrication techniques.Comparative studies were conducted on commercial silicon， microstructured silicon， and Ti3C2Tx/microstructured silicon devices under varying wavelengths and optical power densities. The current-voltage （I-V） characteristics and photoresponse performance reveal that the Ti3C2Tx/microstructured silicon photodetector exhibits significantly superior external quantum efficiency （EQE） and responsivity across a broad spectral range of 200-1750 nm compared to commercial silicon and microstructured silicon detectors. Notably， in the near-infrared region （1100-1800 nm）， the device demonstrates exceptional performance， achieving EQE exceeding 1000% and responsivity greater than 10 A/W. In contrast， commercial silicon photodetector in the same spectral range shows EQE below 10% and responsivity no higher than 0.3 A/W， while microstructured silicon photodetector exhibits EQE of below 15% and responsivity limited to 0.08 A/W. Further dynamic response and bias-dependent analyses indicate that the Ti3C2Tx coating， owing to its high conductivity and the built-in electric field formed at the heterojunction with microstructured silicon， significantly enhances detection capability from the NIR to MIR. Additionally， the response time is remarkably reduced from 38 ns to 20 ns. This heterojunction holds great promise for high-speed photodetection in optical communications， LIDAR， photoelectric sensing， and other advanced optoelectronic applications.
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Li Xiong-Jun, Liu Yan-Zhen, Wang Shi-Jin, Li Pei-Yuan, Li Hong-Fu, Liang Yan, Li Gen, Pu En-Chang, Zhao Peng, Ji Rong-Bin
2026,45(3):411-417. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.008
Abstract:
A long wave cadmium telluride mercury 1024×768（10 μm） focal plane detector assembly was prepared by arsenic ion implantation p-on-n planar junction technology. The cutoff wavelength of the device is 9.61 μm at 77 K . The basic performance of the detector assembly was characterized under half well filling level condition， and the results showed that the non-uniformity of the responsivity was 4.15%， the average NETD was 28.5mK， and the operability was 99.81%. A dedicated metal micro-structure was designed and prepared on the surface of a LW MCT 1024×768（10 μm） focal plane detector chip set， and the crosstalk between pixels was characterized and analyzed. The results showed that device crosstalk was 12.3%， and the MTF was 0.35. Finally， imaging demonstrations of outdoor scene and indoor person were conducted with the detector assembly， both of which showed good imaging effect.
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Shen Zhe-Yuan, Wu Yan-Fu, Han Shuo, Cheng Lu, Liu Li-Ling
2026,45(3):418-426. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.009
Abstract:
The demand for high-sensitivity short-wave infrared （SWIR） detection technology is urgent in frontier fields such as lidar and quantum communication. Heterojunction phototransistor （HPT）， benefiting from its internal gain mechanism， provides an effective solution for breaking the physical limit of conventional PIN photodetector in sensitivity. This paper focuses on the base-size effect of InP/GaAsSb/InGaAs HPTs with type-II barrier structure. Devices with two different base structures were fabricated by controlling the etching process. Measurement results show that maintaining an intact base structure significantly improves device performance： at a bias voltage of -2 V， the responsivity and internal current gain reach 141 A/W and 160， respectively—superior to those of devices with etched bases. Temperature-dependent analysis and size-effect studies further reveal that the dark current of the intact-base device is dominated by diffusion mechanisms and exhibits better dimensional stability， whereas the etched-base device suffers from pronounced generation–recombination current and surface leakage current caused by sidewall defects. Under low-temperature and weak-light conditions， carrier trapping by these defects leads to severe degradation of photo response. This study clarifies the critical influence of base structural design on HPT performance and provides valuable theoretical and experimental guidance for optimizing high-performance SWIR detectors.
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Ye Zhi-Yao, Tang Wei-Yi, Zeng Tao, Lin Tie, Huang Zhang-Cheng, Chen Yan, Wu Guang-Jian, Wang Xu-Dong, Shen Hong, Wang Jian-Lu
2026,45(3):427-437. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.010
Abstract:
To achieve the detection of extremely weak signals from pyroelectric infrared detectors and to meet the demands of high-sensitivity applications， this paper proposes a dual-capacitor transimpedance amplifier （CTIA） readout structure featuring a variable array size. Additionally， a bandgap reference and a low dropout regulator （LDO） are designed as the bias circuit to provide voltage bias， in order to meet the requirements of low noise， low power consumption， large dynamic range and portability. The circuit is designed in TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process under a 3.3V supply. For the layout implementation， advanced techniques， including dummy structures and guard rings， are employed to improve device matching， overall layout symmetry， as well as the noise immunity and electrical stability of the analog circuitry.
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Kong Da-Lin, Dai Fu-Xing, Li Wu-Ying, Kuang Hua, Ouyang Xue-Long, Li Bin-Liang, Jiang Rui-Qi, Wang Fang, Yuan Hong-Hui
2026,45(3):438-446. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.011
Abstract:
To address the requirements for ultra-low noise and zero-bias operation in MoS2-BP-MoS2 van der Waals photovoltaic detectors， a readout circuit was designed based on a capacitive transimpedance amplifier （CTIA） incorporating chopper stabilization （CS） and correlated double sampling （CDS） techniques. The design employed a multi-node chopper architecture operating at 40 kHz to suppress 1/f noise， while CDS was utilized to eliminate KTC noise and ripple. A unity-gain buffer provided dynamic bias control， achieving a bias error below 200 μV. Experimental results demonstrated an equivalent input noise current of 119.35 fA， a total integrated noise reduction of 32.83%， and a power consumption of 990 μW in a 0.35 μm CMOS process. This work presents a high-precision， low-noise readout solution for two-dimensional material photodetectors.
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Lu Bin, Peng Su-Jia, Wang Xiao-Dong, Du Wei-Jie, Dong Zuo-Ru, Wang Ze-Wen, Guo Xiao-Qing, Chen Dong
2026,45(3):447-458. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.012
Abstract:
Due to the influence of materials and processes， infrared images generally suffer from the problem of blind pixels. For infrared images from new Blocked Impurity Band （BIB） detectors， there are still issues such as limited dynamic range and significant non-uniformity. Conventional blind pixel detection and compensation methods are not fully applicable to BIB detector images. To address this issue， this paper enumerates the pros and cons of common methods for detecting and compensating blind pixels in infrared images and conducts experimental processing on actual measured BIB images one by one. However， the results indicate that the distribution of blind pixels is highly non-uniform， with a relatively high proportion of clustered blind pixels. Therefore， this paper proposes an improved blind pixel detection method and a blind pixel compensation method， and implements the algorithms using an FPGA-based hardware system platform. The analysis shows that the uniformity of blind pixel distribution and the proportion of clustered blind pixels have been optimized after the improvement， leading to a tangible enhancement in their economic viability for application.
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Zhong Yan-Hong, Ma Jian-Hua, Zhou Wei, Wang Xu-Dong, Huang Zhi-Ming, Ye Zhen-Hua, Lin Chun, Ding Rui-Jun, Chu Jun-Hao
2026,45(3):459-482. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.013
Abstract:
Infrared detectors are indispensable in the civilian， military， and aerospace fields， and their future development is of great strategic significance. This paper reviews the history and current status of infrared detectors， focusing on traditional photon–type infrared detectors such as mercury cadmium telluride （HgCdTe）， indium gallium arsenide （InGaAs）， antimonides， quantum wells （QWs） and silicon–based blocked impurity band （BIB） detectors. It also covers novel detectors， including colloidal quantum dots （CQDs）， two–dimensional （2D） material detectors， electromagnetic induced well （EIW） effect detectors， and ferroelectric polarization–regulated infrared detectors. Additionally， it discusses the applications of new technologies in infrared detection， such as event–based dynamic vision sensing， computational imaging， absorption enhanced micro/nanostructures， and three–dimensional （3D） integration. Finally， it explores future development trends of infrared detectors.
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Zhu Xun-Yi, Wang Hong-Yi, Du Ai-Bo, Jing Song, Zhang Yong-Kang, Fu Jia-Kai, Huang Song-Lei, Shao Xiu-Mei
2026,45(3):483-490. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.014
Abstract:
Infrared focal plane digital readout circuit is one of the important development directions of infrared focal plane detection technology. Aiming at the requirements of high-speed， high-precision and multi-application scenarios of infrared focal plane， a new architecture of multi-mode incremental Sigma-Delta analog-to-digital converter （ADC） with 3-bit quantizer is designed. By integrating the data weighted average algorithm into the 3-bit quantizer， the influence of capacitor mismatch in the feedback loop is reduced， and the conversion speed and accuracy of ADC are improved； the multiplexer was embedded in the CIC digital extraction filter to realize ADC supporting different conversion speeds and output bits. Based on 180 nm CMOS process design， the design of multi-mode incremental Sigma-Delta ADC is completed. The simulation results show that the conversion between conversion speed and output bits can be realized under multi-mode operation， and the ADC conversion speed increases from 12.5 ksps to 100 ksps， and the output bits increase from 15 bits to 24 bits； at a conversion speed of 50 ksps， the effective number of bits of the post-simulation ADC reaches 13.1 bits， and the current consumption of each column of ADC is only 90 μA.
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Xie Hong-Yun, Xu Zi-Mai, Jiao Wei-Zhao, Ma Yu-Dong, Liu Zi-Ming, Chen Liang, Na Wei-Cong, Zhang Wan-Rong
2026,45(3):491-499. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.015
Abstract:
Silicon-based phototransistor detectors， offering advantages such as high internal gain， cost-effective and compatibility with CMOS technology， are becoming one of the key devices for large-scale photon integration chip and have significant potential for applications in short-distance optical interconnecting. To relieve its inherent optimization contradiction between responsivity and bandwidth performance， a novel couple ridge waveguide SiGe/Si phototransistor was proposed， in which the carrier transport and the photon propagation were perpendicular and demonstrate the independent optimization on absorption efficiency and operating speed. The optical propagation mode in the SiGe/Si ridge waveguide were analyzed between the single mode and the multiple mode. The geometric parameters of the ridge waveguide to achieve high absorption efficiency were optimized. The ridge waveguide SiGe/Si phototransistor were fabricated using technology compatible with CMOS process platform and achieved a responsivity of 6.4 A/W with the dark current of 10 nA.
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Lei Bo-Jie, Li Jin, Chen Si-Cheng, Yan Shu-Yao, Yuan Tao
2026,45(3):500-517. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.016
Abstract:
The fundamental concepts， operating principles， and recent advancements in integrated sensing and communication （ISAC） are presented. A comprehensive review of multiband and large-frequency-ratio microwave/millimeter-wave transmission lines， antennas， and passive components—primarily filters and couplers—that are currently suitable for ISAC application scenarios is provided. Various implementation strategies and fabrication techniques for these multiband and high-frequency-ratio structures are comparatively analyzed. The technical characteristics， RF performance， and respective advantages and limitations of different design approaches are systematically summarized. This review offers a diverse and in-depth reference for the continued development of high-performance microwave/millimeter-wave front-end components tailored for ISAC applications.
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A new algorithm for millimeter-wave cloud radar clutter rejection based on morphological improvement
Liu Qian-Chen, Di Hui-Ge, Yuan Yun, Quan Chun-Hang, Wang Jia-Le, Hou Chen-Tao, Hua Deng-Xin
2026,45(3):518-527. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.017
Abstract:
An improved multi-feature fusion scheme is proposed to address the edge signal loss problem inherent in existing clutter filtering methods for Ka-band millimeter-wave cloud radar. A recognition model is first constructed based on the temporal and vertical continuity of the reflectivity factor of echo signals to perform preliminary clutter identification. Subsequently， morphological binary dilation operations are introduced to generate candidate regions along cloud and fog edges， and neighborhood analysis techniques are employed to achieve precise determination of signal boundaries. The proposed algorithm is validated against co-located lidar observations. Results demonstrate that the scheme effectively suppresses clutter while preserving cloud and fog edge signals with substantially improved completeness， thereby resolving the edge signal loss problem associated with existing clutter filtering approaches and enhancing the overall data quality of millimeter-wave cloud radar.
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Liu Yun-Meng, Huang Shuo, Li Shi-Zhao, Guo Hui-Jun, Yu Ting, Wang Xin, Liu Yang, Chu Qing, Cheng Long, Ding Lei
2026,45(3):528-537. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.018
Abstract:
Understanding the distribution characteristics of atmospheric components and parameters at different altitudes plays a crucial role in deeply comprehending climate change and addressing climate issues. To meet the detection requirements for vertical profiles of multiple atmospheric components （H2O，CO2，CH4，N2O，O3，CO， etc.） and line-of-sight wind speed， this study designs an LEO-LEO infrared laser occultation （LIO） system. For payload design， the laser transmitter employs broadband frequency-locked laser source technology to generate highly stable infrared lasers. The receiver utilizes multi-grating spatial heterodyne spectroscopy （SHS）， achieving wide spectral coverage （2-2.5 μm） and high spectral resolution （≤0.15 cm-1）. For data application and orbit simulation， an Abel transform-based inversion method is proposed to synchronously retrieve atmospheric composition and parameter profiles in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere （UTLS）. Additionally， a simulated occultation orbit system demonstrates a daily occultation event frequency of up to 61 times， with optimized data acquisition processes for single events.
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Yan Kun-Na, Liu Hai-Zheng, Shi Ze-Lin, Zhao Ze-Hua, Zhao Chun-Yang
2026,45(3):538-548. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.019
Abstract:
To address the need for infrared polarization detection in high-speed aerial targets， this paper presents a pragmatic method for calculating and simulating the infrared polarization characteristics of these targets. Based on a hybrid radiation polarization model， an infrared degree of linear polarization （DoLP） calculation framework for aerial targets and an instantiating method for typical materials are developed. This model framework considers thermal emission， solar and environmental radiation reflections， and atmospheric transport effects. The deviations between the calculated and measured DoLP values for the material samples are less than 10%. Using the high-speed SR-72 reconnaissance aircraft as an example， the simulation process is based on the reflection/radiance vector data generated by the polarization calculation model of the target material. The real-time simulation of the SR-72 target''s infrared polarization characteristics is implemented with the Unity3D engine， and the image frame rate reaches 35 frames per second. The DoLP images of the SR-72 were simulated under varying conditions， including flight speed， detection band （MWIR/LWIR）， and solar illumination. The variations in its polarization characteristics were subsequently analyzed. This study provides a data foundation and simulation support for infrared polarization detection and related assessment applications of aerial targets.
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Yang Zheng-Ye, Gong Jin-Fu, Xin Jian-Qiao, Wang Shi-Yong, Wu Ying-Yue, Kang Hua-Chao
2026,45(3):549-561. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2026.03.020
Abstract:
Unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） detection holds significant value in both civilian and military domains； however， conventional infrared detection systems remain vulnerable to background clutter interference. Infrared polarization imaging technology offers a novel solution by integrating polarization data with infrared imaging. However， the differences between polarization and infrared images introduce new problems to target extraction. Therefore， we propose a new detection algorithm based on a scale-adaptive local extreme measure （ALEM）. The algorithm introduces an enhanced SUSAN operator to quickly extract regions of interest （ROIs） while estimating potential target scales within these regions. Then， we present the ALEM algorithm， which is specifically designed to exploit the unique characteristics of polarization images. The algorithm effectively measures contrast by analyzing pixel neighborhood features within polarization images. Experimental results based on a real-world polarization image dataset demonstrate that： the signal-to-noise ratio gain of the algorithm is increased by 2.7 times， the background suppression factor is increased by 8.6 times， and it can run at 20 fps. It exhibits excellent detection performance， robustness， and the capability for real-time detection.
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Volume 45,2026 Issue 3
Topic on Detectors
Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technology
Infrared Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Technology
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
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Zhao Jing-Chao, Ji Ping, Wang Qun-Ming
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026074
Abstract:
Pansharpening aims to fuse a coarse spatial resolution multispectral （MS） image with a fine spatial resolution panchromatic （PAN） image to generate a fused image with fine spatial and spectral resolution. Existing deep learning-based pansharpening methods still face difficulties in simultaneously extracting local high-frequency details and preserving global spectral consistency. Consequently， fused images are prone to spectral distortion when spatial details are enhanced. Moreover， the spatial resolution gap between PAN and MS images often causes feature misalignment during the fusion process， resulting in visual artifacts such as local edge ghosting and color distortion. To address these issues， this paper proposes a Nested Multi-Scale Fusion Network （NMSFusion）， which performs synergistic modeling at both local and global levels. At the local level， a Multi-Scale Gated Block （MSGB） is utilized to extract high-frequency details from the PAN image. At the global level， an Artifact-Free Residual Fusion Module （ARFM） is designed to coordinate global semantics， ensuring spectral consistency between the fused images and the original MS images. Additionally， an Adaptive Coordinate Encoding Module （ACEM） is introduced to alleviate the feature misalignment caused by the resolution gap. Finally， conventional deep networks with random weight initialization tend to disrupt the original color distribution， leading to convergence difficulties and spectral distortion in the early training stages. To tackle this， we propose a plug-and-play Identity Initialization Mechanism （IIM）. By constraining the initial weight of network layers， IIM forces the initial network output to equal the interpolated MS image， thereby providing a reasonable initial state for optimization and promoting stable convergence. Experimental results on three remote sensing datasets demonstrate that NMSFusion outperforms nine representative pansharpening methods in both quantitative metrics and visual assessments. Furthermore， ablation studies demonstrate that the proposed modules not only synergistically enhance the fusion performance but also guarantee an efficient and lightweight network architecture.
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Cao Feng-Wei, Wang Hong, Huang Jing-Wei, Song Qing-He, Chen Jing, Xia Hai-Ting, Wei Zuo-Jin, Yang Bai-Tao, Ouyang Ling-Jing
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026053
Abstract:
Traditional single-wavelength or thermal imaging methods for aircraft wing icing detection rely on complex data processing， making it difficult to achieve rapid and stable inversion of wing ice thickness. Additionally， measurement errors arise from variations in the angle of incidence of the detection light caused by the curved surface structure of the wing. To address these issues， this paper proposes a non-contact wing icing detection method based on an infrared dual-wavelength system. This method establishes an ice thickness measurement model based on the Lambert-Beer law and the structural characteristics of the wing surface. It introduces an adaptive angle correction factor，
， to correct measurement errors caused by the curvature of the wing. Furthermore， by optimizing the calibration process， the method significantly improves detection efficiency， enabling rapid and accurate detection of wing ice thickness. Simulation and experimental validation demonstrate that the coefficient of determination for ice thickness measurements from this mathematical model exceeds 0.9 across all four detection angles， with a maximum root mean square error RMSE of 0.4037. Within the detection angle range of 15° to 18°， the relative error ranges from 5.2% to 13.1%， with the lowest error （5.2%） occurring at 15° with the highest error occurring at 18° （13.1%）. This method establishes a physical model that integrates geometric optical paths with dual-wavelength absorption. Through adaptive angle correction， it can meet the requirements of most application scenarios for wing icing detection. The method achieves high inversion accuracy in wing icing detection， fundamentally overcoming measurement errors caused by the curvature of the wing surface， and provides a new technical approach for the development of high-precision icing detection systems. -
ZHAO Yu-Yang, LIU Zhong-He, JIANG Cheng-Hao, WANG Chun-Xiao, ZHAO Zheng-Wei, ZHU Jing-Guo
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025271
Abstract:
Single-photon 3D imaging based on Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes （SPAD） has witnessed rapid development， yet continues to face challenges in depth information recovery under strong noise conditions， particularly as the synchronous triggering mode of the devices further amplifies noise interference. This paper constructs a photon detection probability response model through the incorporation of error functions， capable of characterizing complex imaging environments， thereby enabling the creation of large-scale single-photon datasets with strong noise. We propose a robust approach specifically designed for single-photon 3D imaging—the Spatial-Temporal Enhancement Network （STE-Net）. Its core innovation lies in the Spatial and Temporal Information Boosting Strategy （STIBS）， which utilizes 3D convolutional kernels of diverse geometric configurations to fully exploit the potential of three-dimensional convolutional feature learning. Building upon STIBS， we design an efficient feature enhancement module serving as a universal preprocessing component. Through lightweight architecture development inspired by STIBS and incorporating large-kernel convolution concepts， we construct a feature fusion backbone network capable of integrating both shallow and deep features. Extensive experiments on both simulated and real-world datasets demonstrate that STE-Net achieves exceptional performance across various scenarios with different Signal-to-Background Ratios （SBR）. Quantitative analysis reveals that under conditions of 0.02 mean signal photons and 0.5 mean noise photons， STE-Net achieves a 0.55 dB improvement in PSNR and reduces RMSE by 7.2% compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
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Pan Huang-Fu-Yu, Tang Guo-Liang, Zhang Xu-Dong, Chen Hong-Yi, Qi Hong-Xing
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026050
Abstract:
Accurate retrieval of Land Surface Temperature （LST） from satellite thermal infrared data remains challenging due to the reliance of physical models on real-time atmospheric profiles and the difficulty in characterizing surface emissivity over heterogeneous landscapes. To address these limitations， this study proposes SE-ResUNet， a deep learning framework for Landsat 9 thermal infrared images. To overcome the scarcity of large-scale in-situ measurements for training， we construct a high-quality synthetic dataset by coupling the MODTRAN 5 radiative transfer model with ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data. The network adopts a U-Net encoder-decoder structure with a modified ResNet50 backbone to capture multi-scale features. Squeeze-and-Excitation （SE） attention modules are embedded in the residual blocks and physical prior knowledge is directly added to the input tensor. By integrating skip connections and an adaptive calibration mechanism for thermal signals under physical constraints， our method achieves precise pixel-by-pixel temperature reconstruction. Experiments show that SE-ResUNet effectively mitigates the overfitting problem linked to spatial autocorrelation. The model shows strong robustness against simulated noise and complicated terrain variability. Evaluations on multiple datasets show that it achieves a Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） of around 0.7 K and a Mean Absolute Error （MAE） of 0.5 K. These results confirm the effectiveness of SE-ResUNet as a high-precision， end-to-end solution for LST retrieval without real-time external atmospheric inputs at the inference stage.
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Huang Jiang-Qing, Li Fan-Ming, Liu Shi-Jian, Jian Yi, Yu Yang, Li Zheng
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025215
Abstract:
As an essential passive detection equipment in modern battlefields， the Infrared Search and Track （IRST） system’s imaging quality directly determines the accuracy of target detection and tracking. In dynamic environments， the relative motion between the target and the carrier causes image motion on the image plane， which not only degrades image quality but also poses difficulties for target tracking and acquisition. Effective suppression of image motion requires high-precision measurement as a prerequisite to achieve compensation control. To address this issue， a method for calculating dynamic image motion based on coordinate transformation is proposed. Firstly， an object-image conjugate model for the IRST system in dynamic environments is established， and the mapping relationship between object and image vectors is clarified through coordinate transformation to achieve accurate calculation of image motion displacement. Secondly， a six-degree-of-freedom motion platform experimental system is constructed to simulate various motion conditions under different carrier attitude disturbances and measure target image motion. Experimental results demonstrate that the theoretically calculated image motion values are highly consistent with the measured data， with a deviation of less than 2 pixels （RMS） and a relative error better than 0.67%. This method provides an effective technical approach for high-precision compensation of dynamic image motion and has important application value for improving the imaging stability of IRST systems in complex environments.
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Jiang Teng-Teng, Cai Zi-Kun, Wang Rui, Xu Xue-Rong, Zeng Yong-Xing, He Hu, Shen Hong, Ge Jun, Jiang Jun, Wang Xu-Dong, Wang Jiang-Lu, Chu Jun-Hao
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025210
Abstract:
With the advancement of infrared detection technology and unmanned reconnaissance platforms， the capability of long-range target detection and recognition has been significantly enhanced， posing new challenges to traditional camouflage techniques and evaluation systems. To achieve quantitative evaluation of camouflage performance， it is necessary to consider multi-band information and incorporate environmental factors from practical applications. This paper proposes an infrared camouflage assessment method that integrates visual saliency and texture features. The method employs a graph-based visual saliency （GBVS） model to extract saliency features of the target and background and incorporates texture features of the target region to construct a unified evaluation metric through linear weighting. Experiments based on multi-band infrared images are conducted under different camouflage states， observation angles， and temporal conditions.Results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits good stability and discriminative capability across various imaging conditions， and the evaluation outcomes are highly consistent with human visual perception. This study provides theoretical and engineering support for the development of infrared camouflage materials and the optimization of infrared target detection systems under multi-band conditions.
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Ji Xiao-Jian, Yu Chun-Yu, Chen Lu-Jie, Zhang Jun-Ju, Sun Bin
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026080
Abstract:
To address the problems of insufficient background structure modeling and inadequate detail texture representation in infrared and visible image fusion， a dual-branch image fusion network based on Swin Transformer Background Modeling and Residual Channel Attention Detail Enhancement （ST-RCAFuse） was proposed. The specific design method was as follows. In the encoding stage， two branches， namely a background branch and a detail branch， were designed. In the background branch， the Swin Transformer was adopted as the core component. The Window-based Self-Attention （WSA） mechanism was used to achieve efficient modeling of both global and local background structures. Coordinate Attention （CoordAtt） was introduced to enhance the spatial directionality of features. In the detail branch， the Residual Channel Attention Block （RCAB） was employed to extract texture details and high-frequency information. In the decoding stage， the background and detail features were progressively fused and reconstructed to generate high-quality fused images. The FLIR dataset was selected for network training， and a multi-dimensional evaluation framework consisting of in-domain， conventional out-of-domain， and extreme scenarios was established. Specifically， the FLIR test set was used as the in-domain test group to evaluate the baseline performance under the same data distribution. The TNO and RoadScene datasets were adopted as conventional out-of-domain test groups to assess cross-scene generalization capability. In addition， two extreme scenario test sets， including a nighttime strong illumination interference dataset and an ultra-low-light field dataset， were constructed to comprehensively evaluate the robustness of the model under complex and adverse conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ST-RCAFuse achieves superior visual quality on standard public datasets， with leading performance in key metrics such as entropy， spatial frequency， standard deviation， and average gradient. Furthermore， under extreme conditions such as nighttime strong illumination interference and ultra-low-light field environments， the method effectively suppresses interference， preserves fine details and enhances salient targets. The fusion performance is significantly better than that of existing comparison methods， fully validating its excellent generalization capability， robustness， and practical value across diverse scenarios and challenging conditions.
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YIN Ke, LI Yong-Hao, WEN Zheng, FAN Ming-Rui, REN Fei-Yu, LI Bo-Yang, ZHI Xi-Yang, CHEN Jun
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025281
Abstract:
Existing deep learning methods have achieved significant results in infrared small target detection， but their high computational cost makes them unsuitable for resource-constrained scenarios. There is an urgent need to explore knowledge distillation methods that can balance light weightiness and high accuracy to improve the operational efficiency of infrared small target detection networks. However， due to the extreme characteristics of infrared small targets， conventional distillation methods for infrared detection networks suffer from the loss and diffusion of knowledge about small targets during knowledge transfer and the mismatch of hierarchical feature representations between teacher and student networks. This impairs the student network's ability to learn features of small targets， hindering further improvement in detection capabilities. To address these issues， this paper proposes a feature distillation method guided by a multi-scale spatial attention mechanism. First， a multi-scale spatial attention （MSA） mechanism is designed to capture and fuse multi-scale information of target features， thereby effectively acquiring the target region. Then， an L2 normalization strategy for features is designed to address the differences in feature distribution between teacher and student networks. Finally， an adaptive weighted mean square error （AWMSE） loss function is proposed to guide the student network to strengthen its learning of key target regions. Experimental results on two recognized datasets （NUDT-SIRST， NUAA-SIRST） demonstrate that the proposed distillation method achieves superior detection performance， with the student network even matching the detection performance of the teacher network. Furthermore， the lightweight model after distillation achieves more than 2x inference acceleration when deployed on HUAWEI and NVIDIA edge devices.
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Song Xiao-Rui, Bai Bin, Chen Peng, Hu Xiao-Ning, Zhou Chuan-Jie, Hou Jun-Yan, Chen Zhuo
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025229
Abstract:
During the imaging process of hyperspectral remote sensing images， the quality of the images often deteriorates due to various types of noise such as detector noise， optical system noise， environmental noise， and statistical noise， which in turn affects the accuracy and credibility of information extraction in subsequent applications. Especially in the infrared spectral band， due to factors such as the thermal vibration of the detector material itself， it is significantly affected by thermal noise. To address this issue， this paper proposes a hyperspectral denoising method based on scale-adaptive spectral dictionary learning. Firstly， an adaptive scale constraint is introduced into the dictionary learning process to obtain the spectral dictionary of the image to be denoised. Secondly， the spatial domain information of the image is utilized as prior knowledge for encoding， and the total variation-variational decomposition and augmented Lagrangian sparse regression methods are applied to solve the sparse coding of the image. Finally， the denoised hyperspectral image is reconstructed using the spectral dictionary and sparse coding. Experimental results demonstrate that， compared to existing hyperspectral denoising algorithms， the proposed method achieves superior performance on both simulated and real datasets.
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Xia Hou-Qi, Xiong Wei, Wu Jun, Li Da-Cheng, Cui Fang-Xiao, Cheng Chen
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025194
Abstract:
Infrared thermography in outdoor field applications is subject to both the source size effect （SSE） and atmospheric transmission effects， often resulting in an underestimation of target brightness temperature. To address this issue， this study proposes a joint compensation method for infrared radiometric temperature tailored to outdoor observation conditions. This approach first establishes an image convolution filter based on the spatial response characteristics of the infrared system， enabling compensation for radiation diffusion and energy loss caused by SSE. Then， it corrects for atmospheric attenuation and path radiation superposition in the measurement signal through modeling of atmospheric transmittance and path radiance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method， indoor experiments were conducted using blackbody sources of varying sizes and temperatures to support model training and accuracy assessment. Subsequently， UAV-based infrared thermographic experiments were carried out at multiple observation distances under outdoor conditions to validate the method's applicability in practical scenarios. Results show that the proposed approach effectively corrects brightness temperature deviations caused by the combined influence of SSE and atmospheric effects. Further analysis under varying observation distances reveals that when the target occupies at least a 4×4 pixel area in the image， the error in compensated radiative temperature can be constrained within ±2 %. This work provides a new methodological reference for improving the accuracy of infrared temperature measurements of targets in outdoor environments.
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LIU Xue-Mei, SONG Tian-Li, WANG Jin, MIAO Shi-Kun, YONG Zheng-Yu
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025264
Abstract:
Stable detection of high-speed dim point targets remains a key performance bottleneck for space-based infrared detection systems. During non-propulsive flight， such targets exhibit extremely weak infrared emissions， high velocities， and low imaging SNR， which severely limits the persistent detection capability of Geostationary/High Earth-orbit platforms and motivates exploitation of the slant-to-space geometry available to low-Earth-orbit （LEO） platforms. This research formulates the problem from the physical imaging chain of a LEO infrared system and develops a multi-parameter joint optimization model that systematically integrates target-background radiation， optical imaging design， and system-level physical constraints. At its core is a normalized， weighted multiplicative merit function that enables global optimization of key system parameters， including spectral bandwidth， center wavelength， detector operating temperature， optical angular resolution， aperture diameter， and optical system temperature. Parameter optimization and performance simulations based on a representative LEO long-wave infrared system configuration show that， compared with the pre-optimization baseline， the average detection sensitivity improves （i.e.， NEI decreases） by 68.372W/sr@4000km when the tangent height is below 40km； by 22.162W/sr@4000km for 40-60km； and by 1.438W/sr@4000km for 60-80km； above 80km， where background effects weaken， the improvement becomes negligible. The optimized system enables stable detection of high-speed dim point targets during the non-propulsive phase， achieving a best-case detection sensitivity of 1.036W/sr@4000km. This research provides both a theoretical foundation and a practical pathway for system-level optimization of LEO long-wave infrared detection systems.
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Jiao Dong-Dong, Gao Jing, Wu Pan, Deng Xue, Wu Meng-Fan, Zhang Lin-Bo, Xu Guan-Jun, Zang Qi, Cui Jie, Dong Rui-Fang, Liu Tao, Qu Bo, Zhang Shou-Gang
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025157
Abstract:
This work presents the independent development of a silicon ultra-stable optical reference cavity with high-finesse. Silicon exhibits exceptional thermal stability， lower mechanical loss， and superior vibrational insensitivity. An optimized machining process effectively addresses key manufacturing challenges posed by silicon's brittleness and anisotropic properties. The three-stage polishing technology is utilized to achieve ultra-smooth surfaces with ? level roughness （RMS）. The high-reflection film is produced using SiO2/Ta2O5 as the coating material via ion beam sputter deposition. A cavity linewidth measurement method demonstrates a finesse of ~340，000， comparable to top international counterparts. These results demonstrate China’s ability to independently develop high-performance silicon-based ultra-stable optical reference cavities. This advancement holds significance for precision applications like optical clocks and gravitational wave detection.
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Zhou Yu-Hang, Yang Qi-Min, Ren Kan, Chen Qian
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025228
Abstract:
Infrared and visible image fusion aims to integrate complementary information from thermal radiation and reflected imaging across spectra， simultaneously highlighting salient targets and preserving texture details in complex scenes， thereby providing more comprehensive inputs for both human perception and machine vision. To further improve fusion image quality and its performance on downstream tasks， this paper proposes a segmentation and detection-driven infrared and visible image fusion network. The unified framework consists of a fusion network and two task-driven branches： a target discriminator and a segmentation branch， which guide the fusion network to retain richer high-level semantics through their respective loss functions. To enhance feature representation capabilities， we designed the dense connection and gradient residuals module （DCGRM） based on dense blocks for deep feature extraction. Furthermore， a large kernel attention （LKA） module is introduced in the decoding stage to focus on key regions and reduce information loss， thereby further improving the quality of fused images. Experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that the proposed method effectively integrates the complementary strengths of both modalities， highlighting salient targets while preserving rich details. It outperforms the compared methods in multiple fusion metrics and achieves real-time inference speed. Moreover， benefiting from its task-driven design， the proposed method also exhibits performance advantages on downstream vision tasks such as segmentation and detection.
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Yi Zi-Yuan, Tang Bo-Cheng, Xiong Zi-Ying, An Ran, Wei Hao-Yun, Zhang Lie-Shan
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025204
Abstract:
This work investigates the impact of cavity mirror parameters on the transmission bandwidth and sensitivity of cavity-enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy （CE-DCS） systems， starting from the principle of cavity-comb coupling. A comprehensive evaluation metric for cavity mirror performance is proposed. Based on this metric， a low-dispersion cavity mirror with a finesse of 15，000 was designed and fabricated. A CE-DCS system was developed using the designed mirror. Absorption spectroscopy experiments were conducted for CO2 gas， and the results show that the system achieved a transmission bandwidth of 370 cm-1 （88 % of the original comb spectrum）， with a noise-equivalent absorption （NEA） of 1.45×10-10 cm-1Hz-1. These results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the designed mirror in achieving broadband and high-sensitivity gas absorption spectroscopy measurements， providing a solid technical foundation for trace gas quantitative analysis.
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Liu Guo-Xin, Huang Min, Wang Nan, Chai Xu-Liang, Liang Zhao-Ming, Chen Jian-Xin
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026002
Abstract:
The photoelectric characteristics of GaAsSb/InAlAs separate absorption， charge， and multiplication （SACM） avalanche photodetectors were investigated. This heterojunction has a small conduction band offset （
=0.089 eV）， which facilitates carrier injection into the multiplication region. Three SACM APDs were designed with charge layer doping concentrations of 2×1017 cm-3，3×1017 cm-3， and 4×1017 cm-3. Results show that the device with 4×1017 cm-3 exhibited the best performance. At room temperature， it achieved a cutoff wavelength of 1.7 ， a punch-through voltage of -10.8 V， a gain of 20.3 at -34.6 V， and a corresponding dark current density of 0.058 A/cm2. Compared with the GaAsSb PIN APD， the gain increased by 6.8 times， and the dark current was effectively reduced. Adjusting the charge layer doping concentration suppresses the dark current and improves the gain， providing a new approach for highly sensitive short-wave infrared APDs. -
Wu Yuchen, Liang Bingyang, Lin Zhanpeng, Duan Jingrui, Gong Yubin
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026042
Abstract:
This work proposes a design methodology for 3D-printed dielectric lenses capable of focusing within multilayer dielectric media. First， based on ray-focusing principles， a phase compensation formula was derived to enable focusing at arbitrary depths within multilayer media. Then， we designed a W-band multilayer dielectric focusing lens to validate the proposed theory. Full-wave simulation results demonstrate a 14.0 dB enhancement in electromagnetic energy within the focal region compared to the case without a lens. Experimental measurements reveal a similar energy gain of 14.8 dB， showing strong agreement with the simulation outcomes.
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WANG Sheng-Feng, PENG Qi, SUN Li-Ying, PENG Yan
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026042
Abstract:
A cascaded deep learning network model with physically consistent constraints was proposed for the modeling and design of terahertz metasurface biosensors. In this model， key resonance parameters， including resonance frequency， full width at half maximum， and quality factor， were explicitly treated as network outputs， and physically consistent constraints were imposed during training to ensure that the predictions obey fundamental resonance physics. Numerical results showed that the proposed model exhibited good convergence behavior and reliable prediction accuracy for the key resonance parameters. Based on the proposed model， a terahertz metasurface biosensor was designed and experimentally validated. The measured spectral response agreed well with the theoretical prediction， and trace detection of homocysteine molecules was successfully achieved. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides an effective modeling method for reliable and interpretable design of terahertz metasurface biosensors.
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Zeng Yi-Hang, Xing Cheng-Zhi, Hai Guang-Yin, Gao Lin, Wei Shao-Cong, Liu Cheng
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025215
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem that traditional infrared DOAS （Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy） cannot retrieve low-resolution spectrum and the high cost of the high-resolution spectrometer， this study investigates and develops an envelope retrieval algorithm applicable to low-resolution spectral retrieval. By examining the shape of absorption cross-sections and spectral broadening， considering the retrieval of low-resolution spectra， and integrating with the infrared DOAS algorithm， an envelope retrieval algorithm capable of retrieving atmospheric CO? concentrations using low-resolution spectrometers is developed. Integrated with the near-infrared hyperspectral remote sensing instrument， relevant detection experiments were carried out on Science Island in Hefei. Using the LBLRTM radiative transfer model and the HITRAN database， a series of retrieval concentration data were obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that the traditional infrared DOAS algorithm failed to perform normal retrieval， whereas the envelope retrieval algorithm can be applied to low-resolution spectrometers， with the retrieval residual below 1.05% and a correlation coefficient of 0.76 with the TCCON （Total Carbon Column Observing Network） site data. This study proposes an algorithm applicable to low-resolution spectral retrieval， breaks through the limitations of the traditional infrared DOAS algorithm， and provides a new method for achieving low-cost and accurate CO? detection.
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Wang Xiao-Zhen, Tan Zhi-Yong, Zhang Qing-Ling-Yun, Li Jian-Mei, Chen Yi-Qiao, Cao Jun-Cheng
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025124
Abstract:
GaSb and InAs demonstrate significant potential photoelectric applications in mid-wave infrared （3-5 μm） and long-wave infrared （8-12 μm） spectral regions. However， their weak optical absorption properties hinder accurate determination of absorption coefficients via conventional transmission spectroscopy due to multi-pass transmission effects. This study introduces a combined reflection-transmission analysis method based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）， achieving enhancement in measurement accuracy within the low-absorption regime （α < 10 cm?1）. For samples with doping concentrations of ND = 2.46×1016 cm-3 （InAs） and ND = 8.76×1016 cm-3 （GaSb）， the analysis reveals that free carrier absorption in the 8-18 μm range is predominantly governed by acoustic phonon scattering and ionized impurity scattering. Notably， GaSb exhibits significantly enhanced scattering intensity compared to InAs， with a 10-fold increase in ionized impurity scattering coefficient and a 450-fold amplification in acoustic phonon scattering coefficient. The developed methodology provides a technical framework for determining absorption coefficients in low-absorption materials.
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Liu An-Na, Liu Shu-Ning, Jiao Shou-Zheng, Gao Wei, Kang Qian-Long, Luo Min, Sun Hui-Ying, Cao Meng, Ge Hao-Nan, Wang Fang, Wang Peng, Xie Run-Zhang
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026072
Abstract:
Infrared optical field compression provides an effective route to control mode dispersion and spatial distribution. In free space or homogeneous media， infrared propagating modes are diffraction-limited and difficult to achieve deep-subwavelength field compression. Optical field compression requires dispersion control and structure geometry design. In recent years， advances in low-dimensional materials and micro-nano fabrication broaden the physical implementation path of mode volume modulation. This review classifies infrared optical field into two fundamental types based on axial symmetry， including out-of-plane compression and in-plane compression. Out-of-plane compression forms normal （axial） compression states through interface dispersion and boundary conditions. Representative mechanisms include surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs）， surface phonon polaritons （SPhPs）， and waveguide modes. In-plane compression suppresses lateral propagation through disorder-induced interference， defect states， or geometric compression. This review compares physical origins and characteristic spatial scales of different mechanisms and summarizes research progress in infrared photodetection， surface-enhanced infrared absorption， and light-emission modulation. Further discussion examines the potential of hybrid in-plane-out-of-plane compression for enhancing optical field compression and tailoring mode distribution， and outlines future research directions.
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Jiao Leilei, Xu Yusheng, Huang Rong, Liu Shijie, Tang Panli, Wang Chao, Feng Yongjiu, Tong Xiaohua
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026052
Abstract:
The spatial distribution of lunar surface minerals provides essential constraints on magmatic activity， material differentiation， and subsequent impact modification， and is fundamental for reconstructing the Moon’s evolutionary history from remote-sensing observations. In this study， visible–near infrared （415–950 nm） mineral abundance products derived from the Multiband Imager （MI） onboard SELENE （Kaguya） were integrated with digital elevation model （DEM）–derived topographic parameters to conduct a quantitative， unified-scale spatial analysis of mineral–geomorphology relationships within lunar mare units. Representative large-scale impact structures and mare basins， including the Von Kármán crater and Mare Crisium， were selected as study areas to characterize the spatial correlation between near-infrared-sensitive mineral abundances and geomorphological features across different geological units. The results reveal significant regional-scale spatial clustering of mineral abundances and topographic parameters， along with pronounced spatial non-stationarity across varying geological and structural settings. These spatial patterns reflect the coupled long-term effects of magmatic activity， subsequent impact modification， and their interaction with pre-existing topography， thereby establishing a quantitative framework for lunar surface geological interpretation and evolutionary analysis using remote-sensing data.
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HE Xiao-Qiang, WEI Ke, ZHANG Sheng, ZHANG Yi-Chuan, GUO Jia-qi, WANG Kai-Yu, WANG Jian-Chao, MA Zhuan-Li, CHEN Xiao-Juan, Li Yan-Kui
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025260
Abstract:
This work presents a novel high-linearity AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） featuring a multi-cycle graded gate recess （MCGGR）. The MCGGR-HEMT is realized through a designed periodically graded barrier layer along the gate width direction fabricated using optimized electron beam lithography （EBL） photoresist reflow process. The fabricated MCGGR-HEMT successfully achieves transconductance （Gm） compensation via the parallel connection of multiple periodic devices with graded threshold voltages along the gate width， exhibiting a recordable broadened gate voltage swing （GVS） of 3.5 V. This represents an extension of 1.8 V compared to the 1.7 V of conventional devices. Owing to its continuous graded modulation effect on the 2DEG channel， the higher-order peak transconductance values （Gm"" and Gm"） are simultaneously reduced by 37% and 35%， respectively. Meanwhile， the MCGGR-HEMT demonstrates a flatter ft curve over a wider gate voltage range. At 10 GHz under single-tone continuous-wave （CW） ower measurement （drain bias of 30 V）， it achieves a power density of 5 W/mm and a power-added efficiency （PAE） of 49%. In two-tone CW power measurement at the same frequency （10 MHz tone spacing， drain bias of 30 V）， the proposed device delivers a third-order output intercept point （OIP3） of 38 dBm， an OIP3/width of 63.1 W/mm， a linearity figure-of-merit （OIP3/PDC） of 10 dB， and a third-order intermodulation distortion （IMD3） of -57.7 dBc. These performance metrics represent improvements of 5.2 dB， 44 W/mm， 4.8 dB， and 13.7 dB， respectively， over the conventional device. This innovative technology is highly compatible with the conventional GaN HEMT fabrication processes， offering a simplified and cost-effective route for enhancing device linearity.
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Huang Ting, Xiong Cong, Lin Nan, Liu Su-Ping, Huang Shao-Ru, Yuan Qing-He, Wang Xin-Wei, Zhang Zhi-Gang
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025211
Abstract:
Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors （SESAMs） are vital for enabling ultrafast fiber lasers， yet their mode-locking performance is often constrained by recovery time and nonlinear absorption parameters. Current optimization studies on SESAM mode-locking properties mainly focus on structural and material parameters of the quantum well absorption layer， while systematic research on the directional influence of a key fabrication parameter—the substrate miscut angle during epitaxial growth—remains scarce. This study presents the first systematic investigation into the impact of substrate miscut angles （0°， 2°， and 6° toward the ［110］ direction） on the structural properties of epitaxially grown InGaAs/GaAsP SESAMs and their mode-locking characteristics， revealing the regulatory effect of different substrate miscut angles on SESAM performance. Comprehensive characterization via high-resolution X-ray diffraction （HRXRD）， atomic force microscopy （AFM）， photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopy， and spectrophotometry reveals that increasing the miscut angle introduces lattice defects， significantly shortening recovery time. However， larger miscut angles also increase surface roughness and nonsaturable losses， degrading nonlinear absorption. In the mode-locking experiment of a Yb-doped fiber laser， SESAMs with 2°-miscut angle achieved stable mode-locking， outputting 8.2 ps pulses at 1064 nm， while 6°-miscut sample exhibited deteriorated mode-locking performance due to material quality degradation. This work fills a critical gap in understanding how substrate miscut angle influences SESAM mode-locking properties， providing a new optimization dimension and theoretical foundation for designing high-performance ultrafast lasers.
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Hu Baojing, Cai Changjin, Li Ke, Zhu Ling
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025209
Abstract:
The electrically， thermally and magnetically triple-controlled double-band absorber based on hybrid gold， graphene and InSb configuration is proposed in this paper. The results indicate that the absorption rate of double-band absorber can reach 95% based on the bright-bright mode coupling between gold nanorods. The physical absorption mechanism can be analyzed theoretically by the radiating two-oscillator （RTO） model and electric field intensity distributions at the absorption peaks. Moreover， the absorption frequency and absorption rate of the absorber can be electrically tuned by changing the graphene chemical potential， and thermally and magnetically tuned by changing the InSb temperature and the magnitude of the external magnetic field. Finally， the impacts of parameters on the absorption performances and the possible uses of the double-band absorber as a refractive index sensor are further discussed. This work provides a theoretical basis for the designs of dual-tunable absorbers and sensors.
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Zheng Zhuan-Ping, Wang Bo, Dong Li-Fan, Wang Meng-Xin, Dong Jun
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025302
Abstract:
To address the poor aqueous solubility of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine， this work systematically investigated the terahertz spectral signatures of carbamazepine （CBZ） and its cocrystals using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy （THz-TDS）. The THz absorption spectra of CBZ， saccharin （SA）， their physical mixture， as well as cocrystals prepared via dry and wet grinding methods， were experimentally characterized in the 0.5–3.5 THz range. Based on the hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor patterns of CBZ and SA， possible cocrystal configurations were constructed and subsequently optimized by density functional theory （DFT） for spectral simulation. The vibrational origins of the observed THz peaks were elucidated through the automatic recognition and determination （VMARD） approach. Furthermore， the nature and distribution of weak intermolecular interactions were analyzed via force-field-based energy decomposition （EDA-FF） and the independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition （IGMH）. The results reveal that dry-ground cocrystals exhibit a new absorption peak at 1.98 THz while retaining the characteristic peaks of the individual components， whereas wet-ground cocrystals display six distinct new THz absorption features. Among the predicted polymorphs， crystal form III provides the best agreement with the experimental spectrum， indicating a three-dimensional packing stabilized by dual and single hydrogen bonds. Vibrational analysis shows that the THz modes of pure CBZ are predominantly attributed to dihedral torsion and bond stretching， while those of the CBZ-SA cocrystal mainly arise from dihedral torsion and bond-angle bending. Although both systems are dominated by van der Waals interactions， supplemented by minor hydrogen-bonding and steric contributions， the spatial distributions differ significantly： in pure CBZ， van der Waals forces are primarily located between stacked aromatic rings， whereas in the cocrystal they are concentrated in regions adjacent to intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
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Fan Bowen, Peng Zhaohang, Miao Wei, Shi Sheng-Cai
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025294
Abstract:
Accurate characterization of on-chip devices in the terahertz band has always been a major challenge. Conventional contact probe stages suffer from issues， such as poor repeatability， large signal loss， and low signal-to-noise ratio. The non-contact quasi-optical probe stage reduces the loss and improves the repeatability， but the optical alignment requirements are strict， and the dynamic range of the measurement is usually poor due to the influence of stray light. Moreover， the above two types of systems cannot be easily integrated with cryogenic cooling systems， which limits their application in terahertz astronomical instruments. In this paper， we propose a quasi-optical on-chip device measurement system based on a dual-channel reference method. By the quasi-optical feed and two integrated on-chip detectors， combined with an accurate calibration method of the detector optical received power and an effective dual-channel crosstalk elimination method， the output power ratio of the three-port devices such as coupler and power divider can be accurately obtained in a single measurement. To introduce a broadband coupler with known characteristics， the measurement can be extended to quantify the insertion loss of the device. In this paper， we performed a detailed characterization of the performance of the built system， validated the calibration method used， and provided several examples for measuring an on-chip twin-slot antenna and an on-chip superconducting spectrometer. The results demonstrate good system performance， and the obtained characteristics of these devices have a good agreement with the simulation.
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Jing Wen-Ji, Deng Jie, Zhang Yu-Jie, Ye Jie-Xian, Zhu Tian-Yun, Zhou Jing, Chen Xiao-Shuang
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025299
Abstract:
Full Stokes polarization detection plays a significant role in various fields， such as environmental monitoring， remote sensing， biomedical detection， and optical communication. Conventional full Stokes detection systems rely on assemblies of discrete optical components， which are inherently bulky， complex， and difficult to integrate. As photonic technologies advance， there is an increasing demand for compact， high-performance， and integrated full Stokes polarization detectors. In this review， we focus on three advanced research areas concerning integrated full Stokes detectors： those based on material-based platforms， metasurface-enabled architectures and in-situ integrated optical structures. We summarize recent advances in each domain and discuss emerging opportunities and persistent challenges for the development of integrated full Stokes polarization detectors.
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Li Jin-Wei, An Ke, Yang Jin-Ke, Zhang Ding-Yi, Wang Peng-Cheng, Xu Wei-Ming, Jia Jian-Jun, Zhang Yong-He
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026046
Abstract:
Laser interferometry is widely used in space-borne gravitational wave detection missions. Precision pointing control of inter-satellite laser links is a key technology to ensure measurement accuracy. Due to complex ground environments and dynamic simulation conditions， achieving on-orbit equivalent verification of pointing jitter suppression methods presents significant challenges. To address this issue， we propose a ground-based semi-physical experiment method based on real-time hybrid simulation （RTHS）. The physical system， spacecraft dynamics， payload models， and space environmental disturbances are integrated into a unified framework for consideration. Furthermore， a pointing controller is designed using the H∞ robust control， and a semi-physical experimental system is developed for validation. Experimental results demonstrate that under dynamic simulation conditions， the system achieves effective suppression of laser pointing jitter by up to three orders of magnitude within the frequency range of 1 mHz–0.1 Hz. In an atmospheric environment， the control accuracy of the laser pointing jitter reaches
. This work validates the proposed technical approach of dynamic equivalent simulation and provides an extensible architecture to further support the research of the entire process of laser link construction in the future. -
WANG Li-Jun, SONG Qian, WANG Feng
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025252
Abstract:
Tree species classification serves as a core task in forest resource management and ecological monitoring， playing a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and carbon cycle research. Compared to optical or Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） data， three-dimensional （3D） point clouds generated by Light Detection and Ranging （LiDAR） can more accurately characterize the geometric structure of trees， such as trunk topology and leaf cluster distribution， leading to their widespread application in tree species classification. However， the generalization capability of existing classification methods in real-world complex forest environments remains a significant challenge， primarily due to the combined effects of scene complexity， data distribution shift， and class imbalance. To address these challenges， this paper proposes a novel tree point cloud classification network， KPCTree （Kernel Point Convolution for Tree）. The model employs Kernel Point Convolution （KPConv） as its backbone， integrates a pointwise channel attention mechanism to enhance feature discrimination capability， and introduces specialized data augmentation strategies tailored for tree point cloud characteristics. Furthermore， a dynamic class weighted loss function is adopted to mitigate the data imbalance problem. Experimental results demonstrate that KPCTree significantly outperforms existing methods across multiple datasets， exhibiting excellent generalization and universality.
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Li Zheng-Kun, Zhou Hao-Yang, Wang Shun-Jia, He Qiong, Tao Zhen-Sheng
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025139
Abstract:
We demonstrate successful terahertz (THz) wave manipulation using dielectric metasurfaces. By employing optical pumping at different wavelengths, the metasurface modulates THz waves in either mode-selective or non-selective manner. Distinct transmittance relaxation processes are observed when varying the excitation photon energy, reflecting the band characteristics of silicon. Furthermore, we reveal an alternative optical control strategy through active adjustment of the pump-probe delay stage's optical path, enabling continuous tuning of THz polarization states via metasurface functionality control. We also offer corresponding physical explanations. Our study proves that optical pumping serves as an effective external approach for dynamic THz wave manipulation, facilitating the development of versatile metasurface-based devices.
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Hu Yu-Hao, Geng Wei, Shi Sheng-Cai
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025165
Abstract:
A terahertz（THz） spectrometer plays a essential role in THz astronomy. Coplanar waveguides（CPW） are critical components in such THz spectrometers and relative permittivity is one of the most important parameters of a dielectric material. It decides the resonant frequency and the quality factor of the device. Since accurate electromagnetic field solutions of a CPW is hard to get due to its complex structure， the conformal mapping technique（CMT） is widely used to get approximative analytical expressions for effective permittivity
. However it makes difference when a thin-film dielectric is involved. In this paper， we utilized High Frequency Structural Simulator（HFSS） to get effective permittivity of CPW based on resonator structure and compared it with that from conformal mapping technique. Provide possibility to characterize the thin-film dielectric through simulation. -
Ma Shu-Xiang, Qiu Liang, Chen Lin
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025288
Abstract:
A polarization-independent “Tian” shaped dynamic unit has been designed， which is composed of vanadium dioxide （VO2） thin films and gold patterns. Leveraging the phase transition characteristics of VO2， the designed unit structure can effectively modulate the amplitude of incident terahertz waves. Furthermore， based on this dynamic “Tian” shaped metasurface unit structure， the other static “Tian” shaped unit structure （without VO2） is designed in this paper for the design of encrypted holography. Simulation results show that in the insulating state， both dynamic and static unit structures produce the same amplitude modulation on the incident terahertz waves， achieving information encryption. When VO2 transitions to the metallic state upon heating， the dynamic unit changes its original amplitude state， thus realizing polarization-independent holographic imaging. Unlike previous dynamic metasurface research based on VO2， which mostly focused on polarization-dependent or single image switching， this work is the first to combine the dynamic regulation capability of VO2 with the “Tian” shaped polarization-independent structure， achieving reversible， polarization-independent switching between encryption and holographic imaging， with broadband operating characteristics. This scheme has broad application prospects in dynamic optical encryption， information storage， and anti-counterfeiting fields.
红外光谱与遥感技术
红外光电系统与应用技术
Lidar - Innovations and Applications
红外光谱与遥感技术
红外光电系统与应用技术
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
红外学科交叉融合研究
红外光电系统与应用技术
红外光谱与遥感技术
红外光电系统与应用技术
Interdisciplinary Research on Infrared Science
红外光谱与遥感技术
Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices
毫米波与太赫兹技术
红外光谱与遥感技术
Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices
红外物理与材料器件
红外光谱与遥感技术
毫米波与太赫兹技术
Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices
毫米波与太赫兹技术
Infrared Physics, Materials and Devices
红外光电系统与应用技术
红外光谱与遥感技术
毫米波与太赫兹技术
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Sensitivity design and verification of spaceborne hyperspectral imager with 10m GSD (Ground Sample Distance)
WEN Mao-Xing, WANG Yue-Ming, WANG Chong-Ru, XU Jia-Hao, WANG Peng, QU Hong-Song, WANG Jian-Yu
Abstract:
The sensitivity design of the spaceborne hyperspectral imager is crucial for obtaining high-quality image data. To reduce the costs of size, weight, cost, and development cycle caused by excessive increase in aperture, it is necessary to accurately estimate the system sensitivity during overall design. We use semi physical simulation method, establish a SNR (Signal Noise Rate) model of a hyperspectral imager under the typical condition. We apply the model to calculate sensitivity, the result shows that the system requires a minimum SNR of 170 with a minimum aperture of 450mm under design requirements of 10m spatial resolution, sun-synchronous orbit etc. We analyze and provide the overall system configuration with fully reflective optical system and convex glitter grating and also give sensitivity related system parameter boundary conditions. The results of ground testing and preliminary imaging testing in orbit after system integration show that the hyperspectral sensitivity model is accurate and the system sensitivity meets the requirements of the indicators. Models and design ideas can help promote rapid system customization design of commercial aerospace hyperspectral payloads to improve developing efficiency and reduce costs.
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GUO Li Xin 1) KIM Che Young 2)
2003,22(2):132-136
Abstract:
根据粗糙面基尔霍夫小斜率近似研究了脉冲波入射时实际海谱分布的一维分形海面的电磁散射。分析了毫米波入射时不同分维、入射角和入射中心频率下双频散射截面的散射角分布。结果表明分形海面的双频散射截面在镜反射方向有最大的相关带宽，随着海面分维的减小、入射中心频率和入射角的增加，该相关带宽是增大的。对于入射功率为δ函数时的散射波功率是一个具有一定脉冲展宽的散射脉冲，且脉冲展宽与相关带宽成反比关系。
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2002,21(3):161-166
Abstract:
A segmentation model that combines the Mumford Shah(M S) model and narrow band scheme of level set was presented. The disadvantage of Mumford Shah model is computationally time consuming. In each step of its iteration, the data of whole image have to be renewed, which is unbearable for segmentation of large image or 3D image. Therefore, a fast segmentation model was introduce, which combines the M S model and narrow band scheme by a new initialization method. The new initialization method is based on fast marching method, and the computing time decreases to O(N) . In each step of iteration, the new segmentation model only deals with the data in a narrow band instead of the whole image. The experiments show that the two models can obtain almost the same segmentation result, but the computing time of new narrow band M S model is much less than that of M S model.
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FuY ChiragwandiZ GoethbergP WillanderM
2003,22(6):401-405
Abstract:
We have studied the optical spectra of low-dimensional semiconductor systems by calculating all possible optical transitions between electronic states. Optical absorption and emission have been obtained under different carrier population conditions and in different photon wavelengths. The line-shapes of the peaks in the optical spectrum are determined by the density of electronic states of the system, and the symmetries and intensities of these peaks can be improved by reducing the dimensionality of the system. Optical gain requires in general a population inversion, whereas for a quantum-dot system, there exists a threshold value of the population inversion.
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2001,20(3):184-188
Abstract:
测量了几种不同处理的Cd1-xZnxTe(x=0.04)表面的傅里叶变换拉曼散射光谱和电流－电压（I－V）特性。通过分析拉曼光谱反Stokes分量，并与表面I－V特性进行比较，结果表明与表面处理相联系的晶格声子的行为反映了表面完整性的变化，Te沉淀是影响表面质量的关键因素，并对有关表面处理方法的实际应用进行了讨论。
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CAI Hu, CHENG Zu-Hai, ZHU Hai-Hong, ZUO Du-Luo
2006,25(3):165-169
Abstract:
利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对TEA-CO2强激光脉冲辐照的Hg0.8Cd0.2Te晶片表面进行了观察,并利用电镜自带的能谱分析仪对其表面进行了成分分析.在单脉冲能量为1.91J,峰值功率密度为2.63×107W/cm2的脉冲CO2激光辐照下,晶片表面呈现出熔融迹象,且晶片表面的化学组分比发生明显的变化.理论与实验研究结果表明激光急速加热使晶体表面的Hg-Te键破坏,从而导致Hg损失,而Hg损失程度与热作用过程的时间有关.随着脉冲作用次数的增加,多脉冲的连续作用使Hg损失加剧,晶片表面成分变化更加突出.
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LIU Yu, LIN Zhi-Cheng, WANG Peng-Fei, HUANG Feng, SUN Jia-Lin
2023,42(2):169-187 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2023.02.005
Abstract:
Photodetectors play a key role in many applications， such as remote sensing， night vision， reconnaissance， medical imaging， thermal imaging， and chemical detection. With the increasing complexity of photoelectric detection tasks， photodetectors working in different bands are gradually integrated into broad spectral detection for the same scene. Limited by the volume and task module of the integrated system， conventional broad spectral detection tasks often require multiple detectors working in different bands to perform together， which greatly increases the complexity of detection system. Therefore， photodetector enabling to response ultra-broadband radiation （UV-vis-IR-THz） has gradually become a subject of great interest in recent years. However， there have been no reports on the review of ultra-broadband photodetectors so far. Hence， this review systematically summarizes the research progresses of ultra-broadband photodetectors in the past ten years. The factors affecting the response performance of photodetectors and the main types of common photodetectors are described first， and then the research progress， development status and challenges are reviewed and suggestions about the future research directions of ultra-broadband photodetectors are also provided.
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2022,41(2):395-412 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.02.004
Abstract:
The industrialization of copper indium gallium selenide （Cu（In，Ga）Se2， CIGS） solar cells has attracted worldwide attention. As a thin film solar cell with high conversion efficiency， its efficiency can be compared with that of crystalline silicon solar cell， and the highest efficiency reaches 23.35% at present. For small-area laboratory solar cells， the main research focus is to accurately control the stoichiometric ratio and efficiency of absorption layer. For industrial production， besides stoichiometric ratio and efficiency， cost， reproducibility， output and process compatibility are very important in commercial production. The research progress of different preparation processes， gradient control of absorption layer composition， post-deposition treatment of alkali metal， wide band gap cadmium-free buffer layer， transparent conductive layer and flexible substrate were reviewed. From the perspective of the efficiency of CIGS solar cells， the transfer of record-breaking high-efficiency solar cell technology in the laboratory to the average industrial production level brings obvious challenges.
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WU Yan 1), 2) ZHANG Li Ming 2)
2002,21(3):189-194
Abstract:
Based on bias variance model, a novel method of dynamically tuning the regularization coefficient by fuzzy rules inference was proposed. The fuzzy inference rules and membership functions were effectively determined. Furthermore, the method was compared with the traditional BP algorithm and fixed regularization coefficien's method. The result is that the proposed method has the merits of the highest precision, rapid convergence and best generalization capacity. The capacity proposed method is shown to be a very effective method by several examples simulation.
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SUN Xiao-Jie, GAO Meng-Yu, ZHENG Yu-Xiang, ZHANG Rong-Jun, WANG Song-You, LI Jing, CHEN Liang-Yao
2022,41(1):230-247 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.01.017
Abstract:
Radiative cooling has been a hotspot for scientific research recently. As a passive cooling method， it uses outer space as heat sink， and has the advantage of low or even zero energy consumption. It has high potential in many applications such as building air conditioning， solar cell cooling， comfortable clothing， etc. This paper briefly reviews the development history and principles of radiative cooling， systematically introduces the structures and materials of radiative cooling， summarizes the design， preparation and characterization methods of radiative cooling materials， and also summarizes relevant application fields. The future of radiative cooling materials and technology is proposed at the end of this paper.
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ZHANG Qian, TANG Li-Bin, LI Ru-Jie, XIANG Jin-Zhong, HUANG Qiang, LIU Shu-Ping
2019,38(1):79-90 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2019.01.014
Abstract:
With the rapid development of graphene industry, graphene oxide has attracted much attention as an important intermediate product for the preparation of graphene. Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, it has been widely used in multitudinous fields. Various structural models, preparation methods, properties and related applications, as well as the reduction of graphene oxide are summarized. The choice of oxidants and reduction agents were found to be important in the reaction. The basic selective principles are discussed after comparing various methods. Finally, it is pointed out that there are still some problems to be solved in the preparation and reduction of graphene oxide. The prospect of graphene oxide on its development and influence will also be evaluated.
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YE Zhen-Hua, LI Hui-Hao, WANG Jin-Dong, CHEN Xing, SUN Chang-Hong, LIAO Qing-Jun, HUANG Ai-Bo, LI Hui, ZHOU Song-Min, LIN Jia-Mu, PAN Jian-Zhen, WANG Chen-Fei, CHEN Hong-Lei, CHEN Lu, WEI Yan-Feng, LIN Chun, HU Xiao-Ning, DING Rui-Jun, CHEN Jian-Xin, HE Li
2022,41(1):15-39 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.01.001
Abstract:
Infrared photon detection technology usually works in the passive sensing mode and contains the advantages of long acting-distance， good anti-interference， excellent penetration of smoke and haze， and all-day operation， which has been widely used in space remote sensing， military equipment， astronomical detection and other aspects. So far， the second-generation and the third-generation infrared photon detectors have been deployed widely. The high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors have been gradually promoted to practical application. The fourth generation and more forward-looking research including new concept， new technology， and new device has been proposed. This paper focuses on the research status of infrared technology at home and abroad， emphatically introducing the hotspots and development trends of infrared photon detectors. Firstly， the concept of SWaP3 is introduced due to tactical ubiquity and strategic high performance. Secondly， the high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors with ultra-high spatial resolution， ultra-high energy resolution， ultra-high time resolution and ultra-high spectral resolution are reviewed. Technical characteristics and implementation methods of ultimate-performance infrared detectors are analyzed. Then， the fourth-generation infrared photon detector based on the artificial micro-structure is discussed. The realization approaches and technical challenges of multi-dimensional information fusion such as polarization， spectrum and phase are mainly introduced. Lastly， highly innovative trends of future detectors are discussed according to upgradation from on-chip digitization to on-chip intelligence.
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HU Zhi Gao WANG Gen Shui HUANG Zhi Ming CHU Jun Hao
2002,21(3):175-179
Abstract:
采用溶胶－凝胶法在石英玻璃衬底上制备出均匀透明的无定形PbTiO3薄膜，并对其 光学性质进行了详细的研究，发现其折射率的波形符合经典的Cauchy函数。由半导体理论计算得到无定形的PbTiO3薄膜的光学禁带宽度为3．84eV.FTIR透射光 谱研究表明无定形PbTiO3薄膜在中红外波段没有吸收峰出现，对于在550℃下 快速热退火得到的PbTiO3薄膜，通过远红外反射光谱测量，观察到了6个约外活性声子膜。
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2002,21(2):151-155
Abstract:
根据相对论返波管(RBWO)的非线性理论,数值模拟了耦合阻抗单步跃变型RBWO效率与束流参量、耦合阻抗跃变位置、高低耦合阻抗比值的依赖关系,结果表明器件最优化效率可达到50%.设计制造了一个X波段高功率耦合阻抗单步跃变型RBWO,运用全电磁粒子模拟程序仿真了器件中注波互作用过程,预见出器件功率、效率、频率等性能参量.在电子注电流、注加速电压、互作用区长度相同的实验条件下,测得变阻抗器件实验效率约为均匀阻抗型器件效率的2倍.
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JIANG Wei Dong CHEN Zen Ping ZHUANG Zhao Wen GUO Gui Rong
2001,20(2):111-116
Abstract:
The simulation methods of radar clutter with given amplitude distribution and power spectrum were described, and the simulation results of radar clutter were given. A scattering center model of frequency domain of radar target was presented under the clutter environment and its solution method was studied. Finally, the experimental results of simulation data and the measurement data of aircraft scale model were given.
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HE Yang, YANG Jin, MA Yong, LIU Jian-Bo, CHEN Fu, LI Xin-Peng, YANG Yi-Fei
2016,35(5):600-609 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2016.05.015
Abstract:
Traditional fire detection methods use the high temperature emission characteristics in mid or thermal infrared bands of the MODIS or AVHRR data to extract burning area. It is very hard for these methods to identify small fire regions such as sub-pixel due to the limitation of spatial resolution. Recently researchers have found that shortwave infrared (SWIR) data can also be used to identify and detect high temperature targets. Compared with the thermal infrared data, SWIR has a big discrimination against different features with different temperature. Thus it can identify accurately the location of high temperature targets. In this paper, we acquired fire point products by using Landsat-8 OLI data which has spatial resolution up to 30 m. The main procedure includes two steps. The improved Normalized Burning Ratio Short-wave(NBRS) is calculated at first to adaptively acquire suspected fire points based on the spectral characteristics of fire points in the near infrared and shortwave infrared. Then most false positive points are excluded based on the relationship between peak value in shortwave infrared band of fire points. This algorithm is capable of detecting the burning area around 10% in one pixel. With the premise of avoiding the interference of cloud and constructions, it can also keep a nearly 90% accuracy and low missing rate around 10%.
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XU Xiao Xuan WANG Ji You ZHU Jian ZHANG Cun Zhou ZHANG Guang Yin
2001,20(3):169-173
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利用共焦显微镜纵向扫描采样手段，发展了一种空间分辨（深度剖析）光谱方法进行荧光光谱和拉曼光谱的甄别以及它们相应跃迁的指认。利用荧光的自吸收现象，成功地甄别了Nd:YAG晶体中拉曼和荧光光谱，并详尽指认了荧光光谱线的相应跃迁归属。
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XU Yun, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Jing-Zhu, ZHANG Xiao-Chao
2010,29(1):53-56
Abstract:
NIRS was used in rapid qualitative and quantitative detection for melamine of pure milk in this paper. Experiment was conducted by preparing two groups pure milk samples which melamine content is different for qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. By combining NIRS technology with the cluster analysis method, A effective classification can be made on the two kinds of milk samples with and without melamine; To achieve this, spectrum pretreatment and wave length choice methods were employed before model optimization. The results showed that NIR models of predicting melamine content in pure milk has good stability and predictive ability.This paper suggested that NIR could be used as a quick, green and convenient method for predicting melamine content of dairy.
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2001,20(3):207-210
Abstract:
A novel pixel level image fusion scheme was presented based on multiscale decompositon. First, the wavelet transform is used to perform a multiscale decomposition of each image. Then, the wavelet coefficients of fused image are constructed using multiple operators according to different fusion rules. This approach is successfully used to fuse the infrared and visible light images. The experimental results show that the fusion scheme is effective and the fused images are more suitable for human visual or machine perception.
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CHENG Jian, ZHOU Yue, CAI Nian, YANG Jie
2006,25(2):113-117
Abstract:
The particle filter is an effective technique for the state estimation in non-linear and non-Gaussian dynamic systems. A novel method for infrared object robust tracking based on particle filters was proposed. Under the theory framework of particle filters, the posterior distribution of the infrared object is approximated by a set of weighted samples, while infrared object tracking is implemented by the Bayesian propagation of the sample set. The state transition model is chosen as the simple second-order auto-regressive model, and the system noise variance is adaptively determined in infrared object tracking. Infrared objects are represented by the intensity distribution, which is defined by the kernel-based density estimation. By calculating the Bhattacharyya distance between the object reference distribution and the object sample distribution, the observation probability model is constructed. Experimental results show that our method is effective and steady.
