Mid-wavelength infrared detector array based on black phosphorus ink thin film
Terahertz detector based on side-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT for resonant detection
High-performance terahertz detectors based on large-area semimetallic platinum telluride (PtTe2)
ESIT2026
ESIT 2024: Gathering of Global Minds to Hangzhou for Cutting-Edge Infrared and Terahertz Innovation
- Current Issue
- Online First
- Adopt
- Most Downloaded Archive
-
Liu An-Na, Liu Shu-Ning, Jiao Shou-Zheng, Gao Wei, Kang Qian-Long, Luo Min, Sun Hui-Ying, Cao Meng, Ge Hao-Nan, Wang Fang, Wang Peng, Xie Run-Zhang, Hu Wei-Da
2026,45(4):561-578. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026072
Abstract:
Infrared optical field compression provides an effective route to control mode dispersion and spatial distribution. In free space or homogeneous media， infrared propagating modes are diffraction-limited and difficult to achieve deep-subwavelength field compression. Optical field compression requires dispersion control and structure geometry design. In recent years， advances in low-dimensional materials and micro-nano fabrication broaden the physical implementation path of mode volume modulation. This review classifies infrared optical field into two fundamental types based on axial symmetry， including out-of-plane compression and in-plane compression. Out-of-plane compression forms normal （axial） compression states through interface dispersion and boundary conditions. Representative mechanisms include surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs）， surface phonon polaritons （SPhPs）， and waveguide modes. In-plane compression suppresses lateral propagation through disorder-induced interference， defect states， or geometric compression. This review compares physical origins and characteristic spatial scales of different mechanisms and summarizes research progress in infrared photodetection， surface-enhanced infrared absorption， and light-emission modulation. Further discussion examines the potential of hybrid in-plane-out-of-plane compression for enhancing optical field compression and tailoring mode distribution， and outlines future research directions.
-
Hu Xin-Feng, Wu Bin-Min, Wang Xu-Dong, Meng Xiang-Jian, Wang Jian-Lu, Chu Jun-Hao
2026,45(4):579-602. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026117
Abstract:
Pyroelectric detectors， a typical type of uncooled infrared detectors， are widely used in fields such as flame and fire warning， moving target sensing， gas detection， temperature measurement， and even terahertz detection， owing to their high sensitivity， fast response speed， low power consumption， and broad spectral response. Beyond conventional applications， pyroelectric detectors offer irreplaceable advantages in several specialized scenarios， including laser parameter measurement， high-precision spectrometers， spectral response calibration for infrared detectors， as well as applications in space science such as infrared earth sensors and earth radiation budget measurement. However， in the compelling field of infrared imaging， pyroelectric detectors indeed lose the competition against bolometers， which are another important type of uncooled infrared detectors. The review summarizes the intrinsic technical challenges faced by traditional pyroelectric detectors in imaging applications， including difficulties in integration with readout circuits， the requirement for a chopper， and the limitations in miniaturizing pixel size. This article summarizes two technical solutions that can address the difficulties of traditional pyroelectric detectors in infrared imaging： the thermal reset mode and the active detection mode. Through technological development and iteration， pyroelectric focal plane array devices are expected to achieve higher sensitivity and lower cost， securing a place in the application field of infrared imaging technology.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
-
Liu Bin-Bin, Liu Gui-Bin, Bi Xiang-Long, Ma Xu-Hong, Li Zi-Ping, Li Hua
2026,45(4):603-623. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026125
Abstract:
Chaos in semiconductor lasers has developed into a rapidly advancing field that bridges nonlinear dynamics and modern photonic technologies. Owing to their intrinsic nonlinearity and strong carrier-photon interactions， semiconductor lasers serve as an ideal platform for the generation and control of deterministic chaos. This review summarizes the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying chaos generation in semiconductor lasers， including external perturbations and intrinsic nonlinear interactions. Various configurations for inducing chaotic dynamics， such as optical feedback， optical injection， and optoelectronic feedback， are discussed in detail. Recent advances in free-running chaotic lasers and integrated photonic platforms are also highlighted. Furthermore， emerging applications in secure optical communication， high-speed random number generation， and chaos-based sensing are presented. Finally， current challenges and future directions are outlined， underscoring the significant potential of semiconductor laser chaos for next-generation photonic systems. This work aims to offer a coherent and comprehensive perspective on the development and prospects of chaos in semiconductor lasers.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
-
Jing Wen-Ji, Deng Jie, Zhang Yu-Jie, Ye Jie-Xian, Zhu Tian-Yun, Zhou Jing, Chen Xiao-Shuang
2026,45(4):624-639. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025299
Abstract:
Full Stokes polarization detection plays a significant role in various fields， such as environmental monitoring， remote sensing， biomedical detection， and optical communication. Conventional full Stokes detection systems rely on assemblies of discrete optical components， which are inherently bulky， complex， and difficult to integrate. With the advancement of photonic technologies， there is an increasing demand for compact， high-performance， and integrated full Stokes polarization detectors. In this review， we focus on three advanced research areas concerning integrated full Stokes detectors： those based on material platforms， metasurface-enabled architectures， and in-situ integrated optical structures. We summarize recent advances in each domain and discuss emerging opportunities and persistent challenges for the development of integrated full Stokes polarization detectors.
-
Xin Rui, Xia Hui, Qiao Liang, Xia Peng-Zhe, Chen Zhen, Yao Shu-Fan, Lu Wei, Li Tian-Xin
2026,45(4):640-646. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026060
Abstract:
Quantum well infrared photodetectors （QWIPs） are widely utilized in long-wave infrared detection applications， yet they are constrained by low quantum efficiency. Although metallic microcavities can enhance local coupling， achieving a field strength that perfectly coincides with the quantum well layers remains challenging， and such approaches are often incompatible with thick active regions. In this study， we developed an all-dielectric metasurface-coupled QWIP （MS-QWIP） to enhance device response. The metasurface features a square micropillar array etched directly into the 80-period GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum well active region. By leveraging the guided-mode resonance effect， this structure excites a strong longitudinal electric field component， effectively satisfying the intersubband transition selection rule for enhanced absorption within the active region. Experimental results at 50 K and a 5 V bias show that the peak responsivity of the MS-QWIP reaches 545 mA/W， a twofold increase over a conventional 45° facet-coupled device. Furthermore， the blackbody responsivity is improved by approximately 1.6 times. Notably， the architecture also reduces the effective electrical area of the photosensitive element， thereby suppressing dark current. This work demonstrates that all-dielectric metasurfaces can significantly enhance the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of QWIPs.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
-
Huang Ting, Xiong Cong, Lin Nan, Liu Su-Ping, Huang Shao-Ru, Yuan Qing-He, Wang Xin-Wei, Zhang Zhi-Gang
2026,45(4):647-655. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025211
Abstract:
Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors （SESAMs） are vital for enabling ultrafast fiber lasers， yet their mode-locking performance is often constrained by recovery time and nonlinear absorption parameters. Current optimization studies on SESAM mode-locking properties mainly focus on structural and material parameters of the quantum well absorption layer， while systematic research on the directional influence of a key fabrication parameter—the substrate miscut angle during epitaxial growth—remains scarce. This study presents the first systematic investigation into the impact of substrate miscut angles （0°， 2°， and 6° toward the ［110］ direction） on the structural properties of epitaxially grown InGaAs/GaAsP SESAMs and their mode-locking characteristics， revealing the regulatory effect of different substrate miscut angles on SESAM performance. Comprehensive characterization via high-resolution X-ray diffraction （HRXRD）， atomic force microscopy （AFM）， photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopy， and spectrophotometry reveals that increasing the miscut angle introduces lattice defects， significantly shortening recovery time. However， larger miscut angles also increase surface roughness and nonsaturable losses， degrading nonlinear absorption. In the mode-locking experiment of a Yb-doped fiber laser， SESAMs with the 2°-miscut angle achieved stable mode-locking， outputting 8.2 ps pulses at 1 064 nm， while the 6°-miscut sample exhibited deteriorated mode-locking performance due to material quality degradation. This work fills a critical gap in understanding how the substrate miscut angle influences SESAM mode-locking properties， providing a new optimization dimension and theoretical foundation for designing high-performance ultrafast lasers.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
-
Wang Xiao-Zhen, Tan Zhi-Yong, Zhang Qing-Ling-Yun, Li Jian-Mei, Chen Yi-Qiao, Cao Jun-Cheng
2026,45(4):656-661. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025124
Abstract:
GaSb and InAs demonstrate significant potential photoelectric applications in mid-wave infrared （3-5 μm） and long-wave infrared （8-12 μm） spectral regions. However， their weak optical absorption properties hinder accurate determination of absorption coefficients via conventional transmission spectroscopy due to multi-pass transmission effects. This study introduces a combined reflection-transmission analysis method based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）， achieving enhancement in measurement accuracy within the low-absorption regime （α < 10 cm?1）. For samples with doping concentrations of ND = 2.46×1016 cm-3 （InAs） and ND = 8.76×1016 cm-3 （GaSb）， the analysis reveals that free carrier absorption in the 8-18 μm range is predominantly governed by acoustic phonon scattering and ionized impurity scattering. Notably， GaSb exhibits significantly enhanced scattering intensity compared to InAs， with a 10-fold increase in ionized impurity scattering coefficient and a 450-fold amplification in acoustic phonon scattering coefficient. The developed methodology provides a technical framework for determining absorption coefficients in low-absorption materials.
-
Jiao Lei-Lei, Xu Yu-Sheng, Huang Rong, Liu Shi-Jie, Tang Pan-Li, Wang Chao, Feng Yong-Jiu, Tong Xiao-Hua
2026,45(4):662-671. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026052
Abstract:
The spatial distribution of lunar surface minerals provides essential constraints on magmatic activity， material differentiation， and subsequent impact modification， and is fundamental for reconstructing the Moon’s evolutionary history from remote-sensing observations. In this study， visible–near infrared （415–950 nm） mineral abundance products derived from the Multiband Imager （MI） onboard SELENE （Kaguya） were integrated with digital elevation model （DEM）–derived topographic parameters to conduct a quantitative， unified-scale spatial analysis of mineral–geomorphology relationships within lunar mare units. Representative large-scale impact structures and mare basins， including the Von Kármán crater and Mare Crisium， were selected as study areas to characterize the spatial correlation between near-infrared-sensitive mineral abundances and geomorphological features across different geological units. The results reveal significant regional-scale spatial clustering of mineral abundances and topographic parameters， along with pronounced spatial non-stationarity across varying geological and structural settings. These spatial patterns reflect the coupled long-term effects of magmatic activity， subsequent impact modification， and their interaction with pre-existing topography， thereby establishing a quantitative framework for lunar surface geological interpretation and evolutionary analysis using remote-sensing data.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
-
Pan Huang-Fu-Yu, Tang Guo-Liang, Zhang Xu-Dong, Chen Hong-Yi, Qi Hong-Xing
2026,45(4):672-687. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026050
Abstract:
Accurate retrieval of Land Surface Temperature （LST） from satellite thermal infrared data remains challenging due to the reliance of physical models on real-time atmospheric profiles and the difficulty in characterizing surface emissivity over heterogeneous landscapes. To address these limitations， this study proposes SE-ResUNet， a deep learning framework for Landsat 9 thermal infrared images. To overcome the scarcity of large-scale in-situ measurements for training， we construct a high-quality synthetic dataset by coupling the MODTRAN 5 radiative transfer model with ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data. The network adopts a U-Net encoder-decoder structure with a modified ResNet50 backbone to capture multi-scale features. Squeeze-and-Excitation （SE） attention modules are embedded in the residual blocks， and physical prior knowledge is directly added to the input tensor. By integrating skip connections and an adaptive calibration mechanism for thermal signals under physical constraints， our method achieves precise pixel-by-pixel temperature reconstruction. Experiments show that SE-ResUNet effectively mitigates the overfitting problem linked to spatial autocorrelation. The model shows strong robustness against simulated noise and complicated terrain variability. Evaluations on multiple datasets show that it achieves a Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） of around 0.7 K and a Mean Absolute Error （MAE） of 0.5 K. These results confirm the effectiveness of SE-ResUNet as a high-precision， end-to-end solution for LST retrieval without real-time external atmospheric inputs at the inference stage.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
-
He Xiao-Qiang, Wei Ke, Zhang Sheng, Zhang Yi-Chuan, Guo Jia-Qi, Wang Kai-Yu, Wang Jian-Chao, Ma Zhuan-Li, Chen Xiao-Juan, Li Yan-Kui
2026,45(4):688-694. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025260
Abstract:
This work presents a novel high-linearity AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） featuring a multi-cycle graded gate recess （MCGGR）. The MCGGR-HEMT is realized through a designed periodically graded barrier layer along the gate width direction fabricated using optimized electron beam lithography （EBL） photoresist reflow process. The fabricated MCGGR-HEMT successfully achieves transconductance （Gm） compensation via the parallel connection of multiple periodic devices with graded threshold voltages along the gate width， exhibiting a recordable broadened gate voltage swing （GVS） of 3.5 V. This represents an extension of 1.8 V compared to the 1.7 V of conventional devices. Owing to its continuous graded modulation effect on the 2DEG channel， the higher-order peak transconductance values （Gm′ and Gm"） are simultaneously reduced by 37% and 35%， respectively. Meanwhile， the MCGGR-HEMT demonstrates a flatter fT curve over a wider gate voltage range. At 10 GHz under single-tone continuous-wave （CW） over measurement （drain bias of 30 V）， it achieves a power density of 5 W/mm and a power-added efficiency （PAE） of 49%. In two-tone CW power measurement at the same frequency （10 MHz tone spacing， drain bias of 30 V）， the proposed device delivers a third-order output intercept point （OIP3） of 38 dBm， an OIP3/width of 63.1 W/mm， a linearity figure-of-merit （OIP3/PDC） of 10 dB， and a third-order intermodulation distortion （IMD3） of -57.7 dBc. These performance metrics represent improvements of 5.2 dB， 44 W/mm， 4.8 dB， and 13.7 dB， respectively， over the conventional device. This innovative technology is highly compatible with the conventional GaN HEMT fabrication processes， offering a simplified and cost-effective route for enhancing device linearity.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
-
Hu Yu-Hao, Geng Wei, Shi Sheng-Cai
2026,45(4):695-698. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025165
Abstract:
A terahertz （THz） spectrometer plays an essential role in THz astronomy. Coplanar waveguides （CPWs） are critical components in such THz spectrometers and relative permittivity is one of the most important parameters of a dielectric material. It decides the resonant frequency and the quality factor of the device. Since accurate electromagnetic field solutions of a CPW are hard to get due to its complex structure， the conformal mapping technique （CMT） is widely used to get approximative analytical expressions for effective permittivity
. However， it makes a difference when a thin-film dielectric is involved. In this paper， we utilized high frequency structural simulator （HFSS） to get the effective permittivity of CPW based on resonator structure and compared it with that from conformal mapping technique. Provide the possibility to characterize the thin-film dielectric through simulation. - 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
-
Yang Yang, Zhang Wen-Jie, Yuan Li-Yin, Wang Peng-Yu, Mao Jia-Dong, Lu Jia-Wei, Liu Xin-Ze, Tang Guo-Liang, Ma Tian-Zhen, He Zhi-Jing, Li Chun-Lai, Wang Jian-Yu
2026,45(4):699-710. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026116
Abstract:
Real-time spectral imaging of dynamic scenes is critical for industrial safety monitoring， atmospheric remote sensing， and aerial target recognition. Traditional spectral imaging methods are constrained by sequential sampling and low optical throughput， limiting simultaneous achievement of high temporal resolution and high detection sensitivity. Computational spectral imaging offers a promising solution， yet LWIR implementations remain challenging due to difficulties in coding element fabrication， response matrix calibration， and training data scarcity. A LWIR computational video spectral imaging method based on a broadband random coding array was developed， addressing coding element fabrication， system calibration， and dataset construction. Using 9 broadband randomly coded channels， 32 band spectral data cubes were reconstructed at 200 nm spectral resolution and 30 Hz frame rate， with detection sensitivity 5-10 times higher than equivalent narrowband filter schemes. In a gas leakage scenario， 16 gas species were identified with 98.97% average accuracy using a characteristic absorption spectral library. These results confirm the potential of this approach for gas spectral measurement and recognition in real dynamic scenes.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
-
Liu Guo-Xin, Huang Min, Wang Nan, Chai Xu-Liang, Liang Zhao-Ming, Chen Jian-Xin
2026,45(4):711-717. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026002
Abstract:
The photoelectric characteristics of GaAsSb/InAlAs separate absorption， charge， and multiplication （SACM） avalanche photodetectors were investigated. This heterojunction has a small conduction band offset （
=0.089 eV）， which facilitates carrier injection into the multiplication region. Three SACM APDs were designed with charge layer doping concentrations of 2×1017 cm-3， 3×1017 cm-3， and 4×1017 cm-3. Results show that the device with 4×1017 cm-3 exhibited the best performance. At room temperature， it achieved a cutoff wavelength of 1.7 ， a punch-through voltage of -10.8 V， a gain of 20.3 at -34.6 V， and a corresponding dark current density of 0.058 A/cm2. Compared with the GaAsSb PIN APD， the gain increased by 6.8 times， and the dark current was effectively reduced. Adjusting the charge layer doping concentration suppresses the dark current and improves the gain， providing a new approach for highly sensitive short-wave infrared APDs. - 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
-
Wang Sheng-Feng, Peng Qi, Sun Li-Ying, Peng Yan
2026,45(4):718-727. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026042
Abstract:
A cascaded deep learning network model with physically consistent constraints was proposed for the modeling and design of terahertz metasurface biosensors. In this model， key resonance parameters， including resonance frequency， full width at half maximum， and quality factor， were explicitly treated as network outputs， and physically consistent constraints were imposed during training to ensure that the predictions obey fundamental resonance physics. Numerical results showed that the proposed model exhibited good convergence behavior and reliable prediction accuracy for the key resonance parameters. Based on the proposed model， a terahertz metasurface biosensor was designed and experimentally validated. The measured spectral response agreed well with the theoretical prediction， and trace detection of homocysteine molecules was successfully achieved. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides an effective modeling method for reliable and interpretable design of terahertz metasurface biosensors.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
-
Ma Shu-Xiang, Qiu Liang, Chen Lin
2026,45(4):728-733. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025288
Abstract:
A polarization-independent "Tian" shaped dynamic unit has been designed， which is composed of vanadium dioxide （VO2） thin films and gold patterns. Leveraging the phase transition characteristics of VO2， the designed unit structure can effectively modulate the amplitude of incident terahertz waves. Furthermore， based on this dynamic "Tian" shaped metasurface unit structure， the other static "Tian" shaped unit structure （without VO2） is designed in this paper for the design of encrypted holography. Simulation results show that in the insulating state， both dynamic and static unit structures produce the same amplitude modulation on the incident terahertz waves， achieving information encryption. When VO2 transitions to the metallic state upon heating， the dynamic unit changes its original amplitude state， thus realizing polarization-independent holographic imaging. Unlike previous dynamic metasurface research based on VO2， which mostly focused on polarization-dependent or single image switching， this work is the first to combine the dynamic regulation capability of VO2 with the "Tian" shaped polarization-independent structure， achieving reversible， polarization-independent switching between encryption and holographic imaging， with broadband operating characteristics. This scheme has broad application prospects in dynamic optical encryption， information storage， and anti-counterfeiting fields.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
-
Li Zheng-Kun, Zhou Hao-Yang, Wang Shun-Jia, He Qiong, Tao Zhen-Sheng
2026,45(4):734-743. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025139
Abstract:
Successful terahertz （THz） wave manipulation using dielectric metasurfaces is demonstrated. By employing optical pumping at different wavelengths， the metasurface modulates THz waves in either mode-selective or non-selective manner. Distinct transmittance relaxation processes are observed when varying the excitation photon energy， reflecting the band characteristics of silicon. Furthermore， we reveal an alternative optical control strategy through active adjustment of the pump-probe delay stage''s optical path， enabling continuous tuning of THz polarization states via metasurface functionality control. We also offer corresponding physical explanations. Our study proves that optical pumping serves as an effective external approach for dynamic THz wave manipulation， facilitating the development of versatile metasurface-based devices.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
-
Wang Xin-Ru, Li Chun-Tao, Jiang Chang-Hui, Yue Jiang, Su Zi-Kang, Wu Xiang, Hu Pei-Lun, Chen Yu-Wei, Liu Di
2026,45(4):744-751. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026083
Abstract:
Hyperspectral LiDAR （HSL） is an emerging active sensing technique that can simultaneously acquire spectral and spatial information for quantitative remote sensing applications. However， most existing HSL systems acquire spectral and spatial information point by point， which limits the acquisition of image-like hyperspectral data and dense 3D point clouds. In this paper， the authors presented a hyperspectral imaging LiDAR system based on a chip-scale single-photon avalanche diode （SPAD） array （768 × 576） and a supercontinuum laser source （SPAD-HSL）. A focus-tunable emitting system was designed to provide broadband illumination， while a SPAD-array-based receiving system was developed to enable wavelength-selective detection using optical filters. Based on the proposed SPAD-HSL system， hyperspectral measurements were conducted on a total of 12 leaf samples， including 5 species and various physiological states， under different detection distances and angles. The acquired spectral data were subsequently compared with spectrometer measurements， demonstrating that the proposed system enables active hyperspectral imaging acquisition and achieves high spectral consistency.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
-
Song Xiao-Rui, Bai Bin, Chen Peng, Hu Xiao-Ning, Zhou Chuan-Jie, Hou Jun-Yan, Chen Zhuo
2026,45(4):752-763. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025229
Abstract:
During the imaging process of hyperspectral remote sensing images， the quality of the images often deteriorates due to various types of noise such as detector noise， optical system noise， environmental noise， and statistical noise， which in turn affects the accuracy and credibility of information extraction in subsequent applications. Especially in the infrared spectral band， due to factors such as the thermal vibration of the detector material itself， it is significantly affected by thermal noise. To address this issue， this paper proposes a hyperspectral denoising method based on scale-adaptive spectral dictionary learning. Firstly， an adaptive scale constraint is introduced into the dictionary learning process to obtain the spectral dictionary of the image to be denoised. Secondly， the spatial domain information of the image is utilized as prior knowledge for encoding， and the total variation-variational decomposition and augmented Lagrangian sparse regression methods are applied to solve the sparse coding of the image. Finally， the denoised hyperspectral image is reconstructed using the spectral dictionary and sparse coding. Experimental results demonstrate that， compared to existing hyperspectral denoising algorithms， the proposed method achieves superior performance on both simulated and real datasets.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
Volume 45,2026 Issue 4
Invited Reviews
Research Articles
-
Jia Jun-Lian, Dong Bo-Yu, Chi Nan, Zhang Jun-Wen
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026190
Abstract:
This review examines recent advances in photonics-assisted millimeter-wave and terahertz communications for 6G and analyzes the associated device- and system-level challenges. Representative architectures and experimental results are compared in terms of optoelectronic conversion， carrier generation， key devices， waveform processing， multidimensional multiplexing， beamforming， and integrated sensing and communication. Photonic approaches provide broadband and frequency-agile carrier generation， low-loss fiber distribution， coherent-reference sharing， and true-time-delay beamforming， while current limitations include output power， conversion efficiency， packaging， real-time digital signal processing， energy consumption， and manufacturability. Hybrid optoelectronic integration can support high-capacity fiber-wireless systems， but the architecture must be chosen according to the link budget， total system power， and integration requirements of the application.
-
Tang Da-Wei, Meng Qian-Qi, Chen Zhe, Zhou Pei-Gen, Chen Ji-Xin, Hong Wei
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026165
Abstract:
Traditional terahertz amplifiers are highly dependent on compound semiconductor processes such as InP， which suffer from high costs and limited integration ability. In contrast， CMOS processes offer advantages in low cost and high integration. However， they face multiple challenges in the terahertz band， resulting in a scarcity of reported high-performance CMOS terahertz amplifiers. To break through the bottleneck of terahertz chip design in CMOS processes， this paper proposes a terahertz amplifier architecture based on the periodic stabilization technique. This technique enhances the gain at high frequencies while moving the input impedance of each stage into the stable region of the preceding stage at lower frequencies. It also absorbs unavoidable conductor losses into the stabilization network， effectively boosting the overall system gain performance and guaranteeing the overall stability. Multiple amplifier variants were fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process. AMP1 achieves a peak gain of 18 dB at 300 GHz with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 289–301 GHz. To the authors’ knowledge， this is the first reported amplifier implemented in a 28-nm bulk CMOS process operating at 300 GHz， demonstrating a competitive operating frequency.
-
He Zhi-Ping, Chen Peng-Peng, Wang Mei-Zhu, Xu Rui, Liu Cheng-Yu, Liu Da-Wei, Lyu Gang, Yuan Li-Yin, Li Jin-Ning, Wang Rong
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026155
Abstract:
Tianwen-2 is China""s first asteroid exploration mission， which aims to conduct comprehensive investigations of the near-Earth asteroid 2016 HO3 and the main-belt comet 311P. The Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VIRIS）， as one of the key payloads onboard Tianwen-2， is designed to acquire hyperspectral data in the spectral range of 0.45–4.5 μm for investigating the surface composition and evolutionary history of extraterrestrial bodies. VIRIS adopts a dual-channel common-aperture configuration， including a visible and near-infrared （VNIR） channel （0.45–1.6 μm） and a short- and mid-wave infrared （SMIR） channel （1.55–4.5 μm）， which enables effective detection of diagnostic absorption features of pyroxene， olivine， hydrated minerals， and organic materials. This paper systematically presents the calibration scheme of VIRIS， including the methods and results of spectral calibration， radiometric calibration， and geometric calibration. The results indicate that the average spectral resolution of VIRIS is better than 6.55 nm in the VNIR spectral range and better than 9.98 nm in the SMIR spectral range. The uncertainty of absolute radiometric calibration is better than 9.1% in the VNIR range and better than 8.4% in the SMIR range， and the geometric pointing accuracy is better than 0.009°. Furthermore， observation and calibration modes of VIRIS， as well as the characteristics of its data products， are introduced.
-
Wang Weijun, Yin Ho Johnny Chung
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026166
Abstract:
This work reports a universal epitaxy strategy on K+-free mica surfaces， enabling the general synthesis of nine distinct millimetre-scale bismuth-based chalcogenide and oxychalcogenide single crystals on a single low-cost substrate. The platform further demonstrates high-performance photodetectors and imaging arrays， paving a new route for integrated optoelectronics based on multifunctional two-dimensional material systems.
-
Wu Hai-Tao, Hang Rui, Li Qing, Hu Wei-Da
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026173
Abstract:
Infrared gas sensing， based on the characteristic infrared absorption of gas molecules， provides an optical approach for gas identification and concentration quantification. It has found broad applications in environmental monitoring， industrial safety， breath analysis， remote sensing， and other fields. Driven by the growing demand for miniaturized， integrated， and multi-component detection systems， the performance of infrared gas sensors is no longer determined by individual device optimization alone， but increasingly depends on the coordinated design of light sources， gas-light interaction structures， detectors， and spectral models. This review summarizes recent advances in infrared gas sensing from the perspective of system-level design and key enabling technologies. The evolution of light sources from broadband incoherent emitters to lasers and frequency combs is first discussed. Gas-light interaction structures， including free-space gas cells， hollow-core fibers， and on-chip waveguides， are then reviewed. Detector technologies are summarized in terms of photon， thermal， and photoacoustic detection mechanisms. In addition， spectral modeling methods for information extraction， including sampling optimization， multivariate regression， and machine learning， are discussed. Finally， future directions toward high sensitivity， multi-component analysis， miniaturization， intelligent sensing， and on-chip integration are outlined.
-
Zhang Lei, Liu Yong-Xian, Yi Shu-Qi, Chen Jin-Bao, Guo Ya-Ping, Li Bo-Yang, Lin Zai-Ping, An Wei
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026139
Abstract:
Infrared small target detection is a key technology in the field of national defense and security， yet it faces severe challenges posed by complex real-world scenarios. Infrared small targets often present detection challenges such as blurred appearance and low signal-to-clutter ratio due to their extremely low pixel occupancy and interference from complex backgrounds. In recent years， detection methods based on deep convolutional networks have made significant progress； however， most existing approaches focus primarily on spatial feature modeling， overlooking the value of frequency-domain features and the information loss caused by pooling operations. To address these issues， this paper conducts research from a frequency-domain perspective and proposes a novel infrared small target detection network called WDFA-Net， which combines wavelet-aware down sample with multi-frequency cross-attention. The network replaces traditional pooling with a wavelet-aware down sample module （WAD）， enabling dual-branch sampling in both spatial and frequency domains to preserve feature details while reducing dimensionality and enhancing target responses. Furthermore， a multi-frequency cross attention module （MFCA） is designed for feature fusion stage. This module constructs a physically meaningful self-attention mechanism based on multi-frequency components， fully leveraging the complementary information between high- and low-frequency features to achieve inter-layer feature interaction， fusion， and noise suppression. Experimental results demonstrate that WDFA-Net achieves excellent detection performance on the IRSTD-1k， SIRST， and SIRST-UAVB datasets， exhibiting strong robustness in complex real-world scenarios.
-
Gao Shan-Hai, Wang Kai, Tan Cheng, Gan Liang-Hua, Fang Yu-Long, Zhang Yue-Heng, Xu Gang-Yi
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026138
Abstract:
Two complementary approaches are developed to model mode competition， frequency tuning， and radiation power in binary terahertz quantum cascade （THz-QCL） arrays. The first approach is based on a temporal coupled-mode theory model incorporating nonlinear gain， which efficiently simulates the evolution of the intracavity electric field amplitudes and gains after lasing onset. This approach reproduces the mode competition and frequency tuning behaviors observed in experiments， and predicts the maximum continuous tuning range of the binary THz-QCL arrays. The second approach is based on a time-domain finite-element method incorporating both nonlinear gain and gain frequency dispersion. This approach explicitly includes the detailed cavity geometry， thereby enabling accurate simulations of radiation power in addition to mode competition and frequency tuning. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements， yielding errors of 9% in the frequency tuning range and approximately 50% in the radiation power. The combined use of these two approaches provides an effective framework for optimizing the frequency tuning range and radiation power of binary coupled laser arrays. Furthermore， these two approaches are applicable not only to binary THz-QCL arrays but can also be extended to general coupled Class-A lasers with negligible gain-response delay.
-
Zhu Wen-Rui, Wang Yu-Ke, Liu Dong-Yuan, Gao Feng
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026087
Abstract:
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） is noninvasive， portable， and suitable for measurements in natural environments. However， it still faces problems in practical measurements， including weak signals， difficulty in high-speed synchronous multi-channel acquisition， and inter-channel crosstalk. Therefore， this paper constructed a code-division photon-counting fNIRS system and designed a parallel measurement method based on code division multiple access. The system achieved high-sensitivity， low-crosstalk， high-speed synchronous multi-channel acquisition. Based on this system， this paper combined a steady-state visual evoked experimental paradigm to measure the hemodynamic responses of the visual cortex in myopic subjects under uncorrected and optically corrected conditions. It analyzed resting-state functional connectivity， task-related brain activation， and task-induced spatiotemporal dynamic features. The results show that the system can stably acquire multi-channel weak hemodynamic signals from the visual cortex and support multidimensional characterization of brain functional response features under different visual conditions.
-
Ji Xiao-Jian, Yu Chun-Yu, Chen Lu-Jie, Zhang Jun-Ju, Sun Bin
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026080
Abstract:
To address insufficient background structure modeling and inadequate detail texture representation in infrared and visible image fusion, a dual-branch image fusion network based on Swin Transformer Background Modeling and Residual Channel Attention Detail Enhancement (ST-RCAFuse) was proposed. The encoder comprised background and detail branches. The background branch employed Swin Transformer with Window-based Self-Attention (WSA) for efficient global and local structure modeling, while Coordinate Attention (CoordAtt) enhanced feature spatial directionality. The detail branch incorporated Residual Channel Attention Block (RCAB) to extract texture details and high-frequency information. In the decoder, the background and detail features were progressively fused and reconstructed to generate high-quality fused images. The network was trained on the FLIR dataset and evaluated using a multi-dimensional framework covering in-domain, conventional out-of-domain, and extreme scenarios. The FLIR test set served as the in-domain test group to evaluate the baseline performance under the same data distribution. The TNO and RoadScene datasets were adopted as conventional out-of-domain test groups to assess cross-scene generalization capability. In addition, two extreme scenario test sets, including a nighttime strong illumination interference dataset and an ultra-low-light field dataset, were constructed to evaluate robustness under challenging conditions. Experimental results showed that ST-RCAFuse achieved superior visual quality on standard public datasets, with leading performance in key metrics such as entropy, spatial frequency, standard deviation, and average gradient. Under extreme conditions, the method effectively suppressed interference, preserved fine details and enhanced salient targets. The fusion performance was significantly better than that of existing comparison methods, fully validating its excellent generalization capability, robustness, and practical value across diverse and challenging scenarios.
-
Zhao Jing-Chao, Ji Ping, Wang Qun-Ming
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026074
Abstract:
Pansharpening aims to fuse a coarse spatial resolution multispectral （MS） image with a fine spatial resolution panchromatic （PAN） image to generate a fused image with fine spatial and spectral resolution. Existing deep learning-based pansharpening methods still face difficulties in simultaneously extracting local high-frequency details and preserving global spectral consistency. Consequently， fused images are prone to spectral distortion when spatial details are enhanced. Moreover， the spatial resolution gap between PAN and MS images often causes feature misalignment during the fusion process， resulting in visual artifacts such as local edge ghosting and color distortion. To address these issues， this paper proposes a Nested Multi-Scale Fusion Network （NMSFusion）， which performs synergistic modeling at both local and global levels. At the local level， a Multi-Scale Gated Block （MSGB） is utilized to extract high-frequency details from the PAN image. At the global level， an Artifact-Free Residual Fusion Module （ARFM） is designed to coordinate global semantics， ensuring spectral consistency between the fused images and the original MS images. Additionally， an Adaptive Coordinate Encoding Module （ACEM） is introduced to alleviate the feature misalignment caused by the resolution gap. Finally， conventional deep networks with random weight initialization tend to disrupt the original color distribution， leading to convergence difficulties and spectral distortion in the early training stages. To tackle this， we propose a plug-and-play Identity Initialization Mechanism （IIM）. By constraining the initial weight of network layers， IIM forces the initial network output to equal the interpolated MS image， thereby providing a reasonable initial state for optimization and promoting stable convergence. Experimental results on three remote sensing datasets demonstrate that NMSFusion outperforms nine representative pansharpening methods in both quantitative metrics and visual assessments. Furthermore， ablation studies demonstrate that the proposed modules not only synergistically enhance the fusion performance but also guarantee an efficient and lightweight network architecture.
-
Cao Feng-Wei, Wang Hong, Huang Jing-Wei, Song Qing-He, Chen Jing, Xia Hai-Ting, Wei Zuo-Jin, Yang Bai-Tao, Ouyang Ling-Jing
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026053
Abstract:
To address the challenges in aircraft wing icing detection—such as the reliance on complex data processing in traditional single-wavelength or thermal imaging methods, which hinders rapid and stable inversion of wing ice thickness, and the measurement errors caused by variations in the incident angle of the detection light due to the curved wing surface—this paper proposes a non-contact wing icing detection method based on an infrared dual-wavelength system. Based on the Lambert–Beer law, this method establishes an ice thickness measurement model that incorporates the structural characteristics of the wing surface, introduces an adaptive angle correction factor θ to compensate for the measurement error induced by the wing curvature, and significantly improves the detection efficiency through an optimized calibration process, thereby enabling rapid and accurate detection of wing ice thickness. Simulation and experimental verification show that the coefficient of determination R² of the ice thickness results from this mathematical model exceeds 0.9 under all four detection angles, and the maximum root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.4037. Within the detection angle range of 15° to 18°, the relative error falls between 5.2% and 13.1%, with the lowest error at 15° (5.2%) and the highest at 18° (13.1%). This method establishes a physical model that integrates geometric optical path and dual-wavelength absorption. Through adaptive angle correction, it meets the requirements of most wing icing detection scenarios, achieves high inversion accuracy, fundamentally overcomes the measurement error caused by the curved wing surface, and provides a new technical pathway for the development of high-precision icing detection systems.
-
Li Jin-Wei, An Ke, Yang Jin-Ke, Zhang Ding-Yi, Wang Peng-Cheng, Xu Wei-Ming, Jia Jian-Jun, Zhang Yong-He
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026046
Abstract:
Laser interferometry is widely used in space-borne gravitational wave detection missions. Precision pointing control of inter-satellite laser links is a key technology to ensure measurement accuracy. Due to complex ground environments and dynamic simulation conditions， achieving on-orbit equivalent verification of pointing jitter suppression methods presents significant challenges. To address this issue， we propose a ground-based semi-physical experiment method based on real-time hybrid simulation （RTHS）. The physical system， spacecraft dynamics， payload models， and space environmental disturbances are integrated into a unified framework for consideration. Furthermore， a pointing controller is designed using the <i>H<sub>∞</sub></i> robust control， and a semi-physical experimental system is developed for validation. Experimental results demonstrate that under dynamic simulation conditions， the system achieves effective suppression of laser pointing jitter by up to three orders of magnitude within the frequency range of 1 mHz–0.1 Hz. In an atmospheric environment， the control accuracy of the laser pointing jitter reaches <inline-formula></inline-formula>. This work validates the proposed technical approach of dynamic equivalent simulation and provides an extensible architecture to further support the research of the entire process of laser link construction in the future.
-
Zheng Zhuan-Ping, Wang Bo, Dong Li-Fan, Wang Meng-Xin, Dong Jun
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025302
Abstract:
To address the poor aqueous solubility of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine， this work systematically investigated the terahertz spectral signatures of carbamazepine （CBZ） and its cocrystals using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy （THz-TDS）. The THz absorption spectra of CBZ， saccharin （SA）， their physical mixture， as well as cocrystals prepared via dry and wet grinding methods， were experimentally characterized in the 0.5–3.5 THz range. Based on the hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor patterns of CBZ and SA， possible cocrystal configurations were constructed and subsequently optimized by density functional theory （DFT） for spectral simulation. The vibrational origins of the observed THz peaks were elucidated through the automatic recognition and determination （VMARD） approach. Furthermore， the nature and distribution of weak intermolecular interactions were analyzed via force-field-based energy decomposition （EDA-FF） and the independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition （IGMH）. The results reveal that dry-ground cocrystals exhibit a new absorption peak at 1.98 THz while retaining the characteristic peaks of the individual components， whereas wet-ground cocrystals display six distinct new THz absorption features. Among the predicted polymorphs， crystal form III provides the best agreement with the experimental spectrum， indicating a three-dimensional packing stabilized by dual and single hydrogen bonds. Vibrational analysis shows that the THz modes of pure CBZ are predominantly attributed to dihedral torsion and bond stretching， while those of the CBZ-SA cocrystal mainly arise from dihedral torsion and bond-angle bending. Although both systems are dominated by van der Waals interactions， supplemented by minor hydrogen-bonding and steric contributions， the spatial distributions differ significantly： in pure CBZ， van der Waals forces are primarily located between stacked aromatic rings， whereas in the cocrystal they are concentrated in regions adjacent to intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
-
Fan Bowen, Peng Zhaohang, Miao Wei, Shi Sheng-Cai
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025294
Abstract:
Accurate characterization of on-chip devices in the terahertz band has always been a major challenge. Conventional contact probe stages suffer from issues， such as poor repeatability， large signal loss， and low signal-to-noise ratio. The non-contact quasi-optical probe stage reduces the loss and improves the repeatability， but the optical alignment requirements are strict， and the dynamic range of the measurement is usually poor due to the influence of stray light. Moreover， the above two types of systems cannot be easily integrated with cryogenic cooling systems， which limits their application in terahertz astronomical instruments. In this paper， we propose a quasi-optical on-chip device measurement system based on a dual-channel reference method. By the quasi-optical feed and two integrated on-chip detectors， combined with an accurate calibration method of the detector optical received power and an effective dual-channel crosstalk elimination method， the output power ratio of the three-port devices such as coupler and power divider can be accurately obtained in a single measurement. To introduce a broadband coupler with known characteristics， the measurement can be extended to quantify the insertion loss of the device. In this paper， we performed a detailed characterization of the performance of the built system， validated the calibration method used， and provided several examples for measuring an on-chip twin-slot antenna and an on-chip superconducting spectrometer. The results demonstrate good system performance， and the obtained characteristics of these devices have a good agreement with the simulation.
-
Wu Yuchen, Liang Bingyang, Lin Zhanpeng, Duan Jingrui, Gong Yubin
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026042
Abstract:
This work proposes a design methodology for 3D-printed dielectric lenses capable of focusing within multilayer dielectric media. First， based on ray-focusing principles， a phase compensation formula was derived to enable focusing at arbitrary depths within multilayer media. Then， we designed a W-band multilayer dielectric focusing lens to validate the proposed theory. Full-wave simulation results demonstrate a 14.0 dB enhancement in electromagnetic energy within the focal region compared to the case without a lens. Experimental measurements reveal a similar energy gain of 14.8 dB， showing strong agreement with the simulation outcomes.
-
Wen Mao-Xing, Wang Yue-Ming, Wang Chong-Ru, Xu Jia-Hao, Wang Peng, Qu Hong-Song, Wang Jian-Yu
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2025266
Abstract:
The sensitivity design of the spaceborne hyperspectral imager is crucial for obtaining high-quality image data. To reduce the costs of size, weight, cost, and development cycle caused by excessive increase in aperture, it is necessary to accurately estimate the system sensitivity during overall design. We use the semi-physical simulation method, establish a SNR (Signal to Noise Rate) model of a hyperspectral imager under the typical condition. We apply the model to calculate sensitivity, the result shows that the system requires a minimum SNR of 170 with a minimum aperture of 450 mm under design requirements of 10 m spatial resolution, sun-synchronous orbit, etc. We analyze and provide the overall system configuration with fully reflective optical system and convex blazed grating and also give sensitivity-related system parameter boundary conditions. The results of ground testing and preliminary imaging testing in orbit after system integration show that the hyperspectral sensitivity model is accurate and the system sensitivity meets the requirements of the indicators. Models and design ideas can help promote rapid system customization design of commercial aerospace hyperspectral payloads to improve development efficiency and reduce costs.
-
Lyu Zi-Heng, Ma Han-Xu, Liu Bang-Yu, Sun Hai-Yue, He Ying, Ma Yu-Fei, Qiao Shun-Da
DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.JIMW.2026170
Abstract:
Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy （QEPAS） was first proposed in 2002 and has emerged as a landmark technique for trace gas detection. This technique employs a quartz tuning fork （QTF） as the acoustic transducer， replacing the broadband microphone used in conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy （PAS） systems. QEPAS not only preserves the intrinsic advantages of conventional PAS， such as wavelength-independent operation and zero-background detection， but also offers significant improvements in system integration， cost effectiveness， immunity to electromagnetic interference， and detection sensitivity. Over the past two decades， QEPAS has undergone rapid development， with detection limits for various target gases reaching the part-per-billion （ppb） level. This review systematically summarizes the physical mechanisms and fundamental principles of QEPAS， and further discusses several key innovation directions， including the integration and optimization of advanced laser sources， the design of custom tuning forks， and the performance enhancement of acoustic micro-resonators. On this basis， the major technical bottlenecks and challenges currently faced by QEPAS are analyzed， and future development trends are discussed.
45周年专刊
红外物理与材料器件
研究性论文
新闻与观点
特邀综述
研究性论文
特邀综述
-
GUO Li Xin 1) KIM Che Young 2)
2003,22(2):132-136
Abstract:
根据粗糙面基尔霍夫小斜率近似研究了脉冲波入射时实际海谱分布的一维分形海面的电磁散射。分析了毫米波入射时不同分维、入射角和入射中心频率下双频散射截面的散射角分布。结果表明分形海面的双频散射截面在镜反射方向有最大的相关带宽，随着海面分维的减小、入射中心频率和入射角的增加，该相关带宽是增大的。对于入射功率为δ函数时的散射波功率是一个具有一定脉冲展宽的散射脉冲，且脉冲展宽与相关带宽成反比关系。
-
2002,21(3):161-166
Abstract:
A segmentation model that combines the Mumford Shah(M S) model and narrow band scheme of level set was presented. The disadvantage of Mumford Shah model is computationally time consuming. In each step of its iteration, the data of whole image have to be renewed, which is unbearable for segmentation of large image or 3D image. Therefore, a fast segmentation model was introduce, which combines the M S model and narrow band scheme by a new initialization method. The new initialization method is based on fast marching method, and the computing time decreases to O(N) . In each step of iteration, the new segmentation model only deals with the data in a narrow band instead of the whole image. The experiments show that the two models can obtain almost the same segmentation result, but the computing time of new narrow band M S model is much less than that of M S model.
-
FuY ChiragwandiZ GoethbergP WillanderM
2003,22(6):401-405
Abstract:
We have studied the optical spectra of low-dimensional semiconductor systems by calculating all possible optical transitions between electronic states. Optical absorption and emission have been obtained under different carrier population conditions and in different photon wavelengths. The line-shapes of the peaks in the optical spectrum are determined by the density of electronic states of the system, and the symmetries and intensities of these peaks can be improved by reducing the dimensionality of the system. Optical gain requires in general a population inversion, whereas for a quantum-dot system, there exists a threshold value of the population inversion.
-
2001,20(3):184-188
Abstract:
测量了几种不同处理的Cd1-xZnxTe(x=0.04)表面的傅里叶变换拉曼散射光谱和电流－电压（I－V）特性。通过分析拉曼光谱反Stokes分量，并与表面I－V特性进行比较，结果表明与表面处理相联系的晶格声子的行为反映了表面完整性的变化，Te沉淀是影响表面质量的关键因素，并对有关表面处理方法的实际应用进行了讨论。
-
CAI Hu, CHENG Zu-Hai, ZHU Hai-Hong, ZUO Du-Luo
2006,25(3):165-169
Abstract:
利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对TEA-CO2强激光脉冲辐照的Hg0.8Cd0.2Te晶片表面进行了观察,并利用电镜自带的能谱分析仪对其表面进行了成分分析.在单脉冲能量为1.91J,峰值功率密度为2.63×107W/cm2的脉冲CO2激光辐照下,晶片表面呈现出熔融迹象,且晶片表面的化学组分比发生明显的变化.理论与实验研究结果表明激光急速加热使晶体表面的Hg-Te键破坏,从而导致Hg损失,而Hg损失程度与热作用过程的时间有关.随着脉冲作用次数的增加,多脉冲的连续作用使Hg损失加剧,晶片表面成分变化更加突出.
-
1997,16(2):86-92
Abstract:
For the n type semiconductor quantum well with anisotropic electron effective mass, the analytical expressions of oscillator strength of intersubband transition including both bound to bound and bound to extended excited states for the normal incident radiation were given. Taking the AlAs/Ga 1- x Al x As as an example, the influences of the growth direction of the quantum well and the well width on the absorption wavelength and the oscillator strength were investigated.
-
LIU Yu, LIN Zhi-Cheng, WANG Peng-Fei, HUANG Feng, SUN Jia-Lin
2023,42(2):169-187 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2023.02.005
Abstract:
Photodetectors play a key role in many applications， such as remote sensing， night vision， reconnaissance， medical imaging， thermal imaging， and chemical detection. With the increasing complexity of photoelectric detection tasks， photodetectors working in different bands are gradually integrated into broad spectral detection for the same scene. Limited by the volume and task module of the integrated system， conventional broad spectral detection tasks often require multiple detectors working in different bands to perform together， which greatly increases the complexity of detection system. Therefore， photodetector enabling to response ultra-broadband radiation （UV-vis-IR-THz） has gradually become a subject of great interest in recent years. However， there have been no reports on the review of ultra-broadband photodetectors so far. Hence， this review systematically summarizes the research progresses of ultra-broadband photodetectors in the past ten years. The factors affecting the response performance of photodetectors and the main types of common photodetectors are described first， and then the research progress， development status and challenges are reviewed and suggestions about the future research directions of ultra-broadband photodetectors are also provided.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
-
ZHANG Qian, TANG Li-Bin, LI Ru-Jie, XIANG Jin-Zhong, HUANG Qiang, LIU Shu-Ping
2019,38(1):79-90 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2019.01.014
Abstract:
With the rapid development of graphene industry, graphene oxide has attracted much attention as an important intermediate product for the preparation of graphene. Due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, it has been widely used in multitudinous fields. Various structural models, preparation methods, properties and related applications, as well as the reduction of graphene oxide are summarized. The choice of oxidants and reduction agents were found to be important in the reaction. The basic selective principles are discussed after comparing various methods. Finally, it is pointed out that there are still some problems to be solved in the preparation and reduction of graphene oxide. The prospect of graphene oxide on its development and influence will also be evaluated.
-
2002,21(2):151-155
Abstract:
根据相对论返波管(RBWO)的非线性理论,数值模拟了耦合阻抗单步跃变型RBWO效率与束流参量、耦合阻抗跃变位置、高低耦合阻抗比值的依赖关系,结果表明器件最优化效率可达到50%.设计制造了一个X波段高功率耦合阻抗单步跃变型RBWO,运用全电磁粒子模拟程序仿真了器件中注波互作用过程,预见出器件功率、效率、频率等性能参量.在电子注电流、注加速电压、互作用区长度相同的实验条件下,测得变阻抗器件实验效率约为均匀阻抗型器件效率的2倍.
-
2022,41(2):395-412 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.02.004
Abstract:
The industrialization of copper indium gallium selenide （Cu（In，Ga）Se2， CIGS） solar cells has attracted worldwide attention. As a thin film solar cell with high conversion efficiency， its efficiency can be compared with that of crystalline silicon solar cell， and the highest efficiency reaches 23.35% at present. For small-area laboratory solar cells， the main research focus is to accurately control the stoichiometric ratio and efficiency of absorption layer. For industrial production， besides stoichiometric ratio and efficiency， cost， reproducibility， output and process compatibility are very important in commercial production. The research progress of different preparation processes， gradient control of absorption layer composition， post-deposition treatment of alkali metal， wide band gap cadmium-free buffer layer， transparent conductive layer and flexible substrate were reviewed. From the perspective of the efficiency of CIGS solar cells， the transfer of record-breaking high-efficiency solar cell technology in the laboratory to the average industrial production level brings obvious challenges.
-
SUN Xiao-Jie, GAO Meng-Yu, ZHENG Yu-Xiang, ZHANG Rong-Jun, WANG Song-You, LI Jing, CHEN Liang-Yao
2022,41(1):230-247 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.01.017
Abstract:
Radiative cooling has been a hotspot for scientific research recently. As a passive cooling method， it uses outer space as heat sink， and has the advantage of low or even zero energy consumption. It has high potential in many applications such as building air conditioning， solar cell cooling， comfortable clothing， etc. This paper briefly reviews the development history and principles of radiative cooling， systematically introduces the structures and materials of radiative cooling， summarizes the design， preparation and characterization methods of radiative cooling materials， and also summarizes relevant application fields. The future of radiative cooling materials and technology is proposed at the end of this paper.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
-
WU Yan 1), 2) ZHANG Li Ming 2)
2002,21(3):189-194
Abstract:
Based on bias variance model, a novel method of dynamically tuning the regularization coefficient by fuzzy rules inference was proposed. The fuzzy inference rules and membership functions were effectively determined. Furthermore, the method was compared with the traditional BP algorithm and fixed regularization coefficien's method. The result is that the proposed method has the merits of the highest precision, rapid convergence and best generalization capacity. The capacity proposed method is shown to be a very effective method by several examples simulation.
-
YE Zhen-Hua, LI Hui-Hao, WANG Jin-Dong, CHEN Xing, SUN Chang-Hong, LIAO Qing-Jun, HUANG Ai-Bo, LI Hui, ZHOU Song-Min, LIN Jia-Mu, PAN Jian-Zhen, WANG Chen-Fei, CHEN Hong-Lei, CHEN Lu, WEI Yan-Feng, LIN Chun, HU Xiao-Ning, DING Rui-Jun, CHEN Jian-Xin, HE Li
2022,41(1):15-39 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2022.01.001
Abstract:
Infrared photon detection technology usually works in the passive sensing mode and contains the advantages of long acting-distance， good anti-interference， excellent penetration of smoke and haze， and all-day operation， which has been widely used in space remote sensing， military equipment， astronomical detection and other aspects. So far， the second-generation and the third-generation infrared photon detectors have been deployed widely. The high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors have been gradually promoted to practical application. The fourth generation and more forward-looking research including new concept， new technology， and new device has been proposed. This paper focuses on the research status of infrared technology at home and abroad， emphatically introducing the hotspots and development trends of infrared photon detectors. Firstly， the concept of SWaP3 is introduced due to tactical ubiquity and strategic high performance. Secondly， the high-end third-generation infrared photon detectors with ultra-high spatial resolution， ultra-high energy resolution， ultra-high time resolution and ultra-high spectral resolution are reviewed. Technical characteristics and implementation methods of ultimate-performance infrared detectors are analyzed. Then， the fourth-generation infrared photon detector based on the artificial micro-structure is discussed. The realization approaches and technical challenges of multi-dimensional information fusion such as polarization， spectrum and phase are mainly introduced. Lastly， highly innovative trends of future detectors are discussed according to upgradation from on-chip digitization to on-chip intelligence.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
-
HU Zhi Gao WANG Gen Shui HUANG Zhi Ming CHU Jun Hao
2002,21(3):175-179
Abstract:
采用溶胶－凝胶法在石英玻璃衬底上制备出均匀透明的无定形PbTiO3薄膜，并对其 光学性质进行了详细的研究，发现其折射率的波形符合经典的Cauchy函数。由半导体理论计算得到无定形的PbTiO3薄膜的光学禁带宽度为3．84eV.FTIR透射光 谱研究表明无定形PbTiO3薄膜在中红外波段没有吸收峰出现，对于在550℃下 快速热退火得到的PbTiO3薄膜，通过远红外反射光谱测量，观察到了6个约外活性声子膜。
-
JIANG Wei Dong CHEN Zen Ping ZHUANG Zhao Wen GUO Gui Rong
2001,20(2):111-116
Abstract:
The simulation methods of radar clutter with given amplitude distribution and power spectrum were described, and the simulation results of radar clutter were given. A scattering center model of frequency domain of radar target was presented under the clutter environment and its solution method was studied. Finally, the experimental results of simulation data and the measurement data of aircraft scale model were given.
-
2003,22(1):23-26
Abstract:
采用金属有机化学液相沉积法在Si衬底上制备了La0.Sr0.5CoO3(LSCO)导电金属氧化物薄膜，采用溶胶－凝胶法在LSCO导电金属氧化物薄膜上沉积了PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3（PZT）铁电薄膜，X－射线测量结果表明在700℃的退火温度下制备的PZT／LSCO铁电多层薄膜呈（110）取向的钙钛矿结构，谢乐公式估算铁电薄膜的晶粒尺寸为50－80nm，原子力显微镜观察结果显示：薄膜表面平整，均方根粗糙度（RMS）小于5nm，用拉曼光谱测量表明PZT薄膜呈拉曼活性，椭圆偏振光谱仪用来表征薄膜在400－1700nm波长范围的光学性质，用洛仑兹模型来描述PZT和LSCO薄膜的光学性质，获得PZT和LSCO薄膜的折射率，消光系数等光学常数谱。
-
LIU Yi, JIAO Ji-Qing, LYU Bai-Ze, WANG Jiu-Xing
2021,40(2):166-171 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2021.02.005
Abstract:
Multi-component heterostructure nanocomposites can not only inherit the original properties of each component， but also induce new chemical and electronic properties through the interaction between the components. The heterostructure zeolitic imidazolate framework/NaGdF4：Yb，Er （ZIF-67/NaGdF4：Yb，Er） was prepared by a stepwise synthesis strategy. And it avoided agglomeration and quenching of upconversion （UC） nanoparticles， and displayed better stability. In the heterostructure nanocomposites， ZIF-67 is employed as an energy transmission platform under 980 nm excitation. Compared to pure NaGdF4：Yb，Er nanorods， the UC photoluminescence of heterostructure ZIF-67/NaGdF4：Yb，Er is tuned from green to red owing to the synergistic effect of each component.
-
XU Xiao Xuan WANG Ji You ZHU Jian ZHANG Cun Zhou ZHANG Guang Yin
2001,20(3):169-173
Abstract:
利用共焦显微镜纵向扫描采样手段，发展了一种空间分辨（深度剖析）光谱方法进行荧光光谱和拉曼光谱的甄别以及它们相应跃迁的指认。利用荧光的自吸收现象，成功地甄别了Nd:YAG晶体中拉曼和荧光光谱，并详尽指认了荧光光谱线的相应跃迁归属。
-
HE Yang, YANG Jin, MA Yong, LIU Jian-Bo, CHEN Fu, LI Xin-Peng, YANG Yi-Fei
2016,35(5):600-609 ,DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2016.05.015
Abstract:
Traditional fire detection methods use the high temperature emission characteristics in mid or thermal infrared bands of the MODIS or AVHRR data to extract burning area. It is very hard for these methods to identify small fire regions such as sub-pixel due to the limitation of spatial resolution. Recently researchers have found that shortwave infrared (SWIR) data can also be used to identify and detect high temperature targets. Compared with the thermal infrared data, SWIR has a big discrimination against different features with different temperature. Thus it can identify accurately the location of high temperature targets. In this paper, we acquired fire point products by using Landsat-8 OLI data which has spatial resolution up to 30 m. The main procedure includes two steps. The improved Normalized Burning Ratio Short-wave(NBRS) is calculated at first to adaptively acquire suspected fire points based on the spectral characteristics of fire points in the near infrared and shortwave infrared. Then most false positive points are excluded based on the relationship between peak value in shortwave infrared band of fire points. This algorithm is capable of detecting the burning area around 10% in one pixel. With the premise of avoiding the interference of cloud and constructions, it can also keep a nearly 90% accuracy and low missing rate around 10%.
