Abstract:Infrared small target detection is a key technology in the field of national defense and security, yet it faces severe challenges posed by complex real-world scenarios. Infrared small targets often present detection challenges such as blurred appearance and low signal-to-clutter ratio due to their extremely low pixel occupancy and interference from complex backgrounds. In recent years, detection methods based on deep convolutional networks have made significant progress; however, most existing approaches focus primarily on spatial feature modeling, overlooking the value of frequency-domain features and the information loss caused by pooling operations. To address these issues, this paper conducts research from a frequency-domain perspective and proposes a novel infrared small target detection network called WDFA-Net, which combines wavelet-aware down sample with multi-frequency cross-attention. The network replaces traditional pooling with a wavelet-aware down sample module (WAD), enabling dual-branch sampling in both spatial and frequency domains to preserve feature details while reducing dimensionality and enhancing target responses. Furthermore, a multi-frequency cross attention module (MFCA) is designed for feature fusion stage. This module constructs a physically meaningful self-attention mechanism based on multi-frequency components, fully leveraging the complementary information between high- and low-frequency features to achieve inter-layer feature interaction, fusion, and noise suppression. Experimental results demonstrate that WDFA-Net achieves excellent detection performance on the IRSTD-1k, SIRST, and SIRST-UAVB datasets, exhibiting strong robustness in complex real-world scenarios.