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2026,47(4):1-49. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.04.001
Abstract:
Infrared astronomy, capable of penetrating dust extinction, detecting cold and warm matter, identifying molecular vibrational and rotational spectral lines, and observing rest-frame ultraviolet and optical emission redshifted from the early universe, is one of the most technologically dependent and scientifically rewarding observational fields in modern astrophysics. This paper takes the evolution of infrared detector technology as its main thread, reviews the development of infrared astronomy from single-element detectors and few-pixel scanning surveys to small-format arrays for imaging and spectroscopic diagnostics, and then to large-format arrays, cryogenic space observatories, and highly stable space platforms, and explains how the synergistic breakthroughs in detectors, cryogenic systems, telescope platforms, and observation strategies have continuously opened new infrared windows on the universe. The paper further summarizes the current major frontiers in infrared astronomy, including extremely high-redshift galaxies and cosmic reionization, exoplanet atmospheres and habitability, the Galactic-center supermassive black hole, and kilonova observations in multi-messenger astronomy. It also analyzes the specific requirements of these scientific questions on array format, dark current, read noise, quantum efficiency, response uniformity, temporal stability, and spatial adaptability of infrared detectors. From the perspective of China, this paper discusses the current development status of domestic infrared astronomical observation facilities and infrared detector technology. It points out that China possesses significant development potential in high-quality sites such as Lenghu, follow-up observations of the Chinese Space-station Survey Telescope (CSST) and ground-based spectroscopic surveys, the Antarctic near-infrared time-domain survey, suborbital and near-space platforms, and the engineering foundation for infrared detectors. However, significant gaps remain in astronomical-grade large-format low-noise detectors, cryogenic infrared instruments, mid- and far-infrared detectors, space-based validation platforms, and long-term calibration loops. Finally, this paper proposes that Chinese infrared astronomy should be guided by distinctive scientific objectives to drive detector performance, starting with ground-based near-infrared instruments, the Antarctic infrared time-domain survey, suborbital instrument verification, and small space-based infrared missions, gradually forming a closed-loop system of "scientific needs–detector development–instrument integration–astronomical observation–calibration feedback". Establishing autonomous infrared detectors and cryogenic observing systems will be essential for China to move from being a user of infrared data to becoming an active pioneer of new infrared windows on the universe.
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CHEN Qiu-xu, ZHAO Yong-qian, DUAN Jia-hua
2026,47(4):50-68. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.04.002
Abstract:
Polaritons are hybrid quasiparticles formed by the strong coupling between optical fields and material excitations. Research on polaritons has not only deepened our understanding of light-matter interaction mechanisms but also provided new avenues for manipulating nanoscale energy flow. In recent years, a series of polaritons exhibiting exotic propagation characteristics—such as unidirectional, diffraction-free, and ray-like propagation—have been observed in highly anisotropic materials. This review highlights fundamental optical phenomena redefined by anisotropic polaritons at the nanoscale, particularly the anomalous behaviors observed during refraction, reflection, and focusing that defy conventional optical laws. These phenomena hold promise for achieving precise control over light-matter interactions at the nanoscale in broad spectral regions spanning from the visible to the terahertz. At the same time, the methods for manipulating anisotropic polaritons are reviewed; furthermore, based on the latest research progress in the field, the key challenges facing their transition to practical applications and their future development directions are discussed.
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MA Hao-ran, QU Wen-qing, NING Yu, ZHU Shao-zhen, ZENG Feng, CHEN Bao-long, GENG Zhe, LUO Xin, XIA Zi-hao, YU Wang, XU Hai-feng, ZHANG Hong-fei, WANG Jian
2026,47(4):69-82. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.04.003
Abstract:
The detection capability of near-infrared astronomical instruments is constrained by a combination of background factors, including atmospheric absorption, OH airglow, and thermal radiation from the ground and the instrument itself. Over the past decade, relevant research in China has evolved from site characterization and small-aperture prototype testing to unmanned observations at low-background sites and the engineering development of medium-aperture telescopes. This paper first outlines the development history of domestic facilities such as the Xinglong 1.26 m infrared telescope, the Ali 50 cm infrared telescope, the Antarctic Survey Telescope for near-infrared band (AST3-NIR)/Kunlun Infrared Sky Survey (KISS), the Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope (KDUST), and the Large Optical/Infrared Telescope (LOT). It then summarizes our group's progress in instrument development, focusing on two main technical lines: infrared sky background monitoring equipment covering the J, H, and Ks bands as well as the 2.5–5 μm range; and near-infrared cameras based on InGaAs and HgCdTe focal plane arrays, including an H-band low-noise camera and a 1×3 tiled K-band imaging system. This work has established a comprehensive technical chain spanning site background measurement and absolute calibration to deep-cryogenic operation, low-noise readout, cryogenic focal plane tiling, integrated system commissioning, and field imaging verification.
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2026,47(4):83-94. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.04.004
Abstract:
MXenes, with their diverse compositions, two-dimensional (2D) layered structures, and tunable surface termination morphologies, exhibit excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, enabling them to respond to broadband electromagnetic waves and achieve multifunctional and multiband frontier interdisciplinary applications. In the infrared band, the unique microstructure of MXenes imparts exceptional infrared radiation properties, making them suitable for fabricating high-performance high-temperature infrared stealth materials and devices. In recent years, research on MXene-based high-temperature infrared stealth materials has flourished, attracting extensive attention from researchers worldwide. In this paper, the recent advances in MXene-based high-temperature infrared stealth materials are focused on, and their design principles and tailoring strategies are systematically analyzed. Furthermore, the representative macroscopic configurations are briefly introduced, including films, aerogels/foams, flexible fabrics, and hydrogels. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities facing these materials are summarized, and their future development directions are prospected.
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LIANG Hong-yi, CHEN Ke, GUO Shi-yao, QIAN Xuan-yu, YANG Gui-shuo, JI Peng-zhou, FAN Ze-ying, XING Yu-jie, WANG Xu-quan, DUN Xiong
2026,47(4):95-110. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.04.005
Abstract:
The rapid development of fields such as aerospace exploration, insitu medical diagnosis, and consumer electronics has created an urgent need for high-performance and miniaturized optical imaging systems. Computational optics imaging technology, through the co-design of optical systems and image reconstruction algorithms, shifts the task of compensating for some of the image degradation caused by aberrations from the front-end optical hardware to the back-end computational processing, thereby significantly reducing the size, weight and cost of the system while maintaining imaging performance. This article systematically reviews recent advances in lightweight and simplified computational optical imaging achieved by the Computational Optics Group at the Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, Tongji University. The reviewed topics cover computational imaging system design, image reconstruction, and hardware-aware algorithm optimization for edge deployment. Particular emphasis is placed on three representative prototypes, including a single-lens infrared computational imaging system, an all-aluminum off-axis three-mirror freeform computational imaging prototype with relaxed manufacturing tolerances, and a neural array meta-imaging system. This review can provide a reference for the engineering implementation and performance evaluation of lightweight and simplified computational optical imaging technology.
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YU Wen-jie, ZHOU Xiao-jie, ZHONG Jia-jia, XIE Xin-cheng, TANG Yu-zhao
2026,47(4):111-130. DOI: 10.11972/j.issn.1672-8785.2026.04.006
Abstract:
Catalytic reactions and energy conversion and storage processes commonly involve complex solid/liquid, solid/gas, and multiphase interfaces. Their reaction behavior is governed not only by the intrinsic structures of catalysts or electrode materials, but also by the dynamic evolution of adsorbed species, interfacial water, ion transport, and local microenvironments. In situ infrared spectroscopy provides direct molecular vibrational information under reaction conditions, offering an important means to identify key intermediates, probe interfacial structures, and elucidate reaction mechanisms. To meet the growing demand for in situ characterization in catalysis and energy research, the BL01B beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility has developed several complementary techniques, including microscopic in situ electrochemical infrared spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS), and high-/low-temperature in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). This review introduces the basic principles, experimental configurations, and characteristics of these techniques, and highlights their applications in green hydrogen production, fuel cells, electrochemical carbon conversion, valorization of nitrogen-containing species, value-added conversion of small organic molecules, electro-reforming of biomass and waste, electrochemical energy storage, and photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis. These studies demonstrate that in situ infrared spectroscopy has evolved from the identification of reactants and intermediates toward the analysis of reaction pathways, interfacial water and ion behavior, active-site states, and dynamic structure–activity relationships. Finally, future developments in far-infrared–terahertz in situ electrochemical spectroscopy, nanoscale in situ infrared characterization, multimodal characterization, and artificial-intelligence-assisted spectral analysis are discussed.
Volume 47,2026 Issue 4
Opinion
Review
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ZHANG Min, HAN Fang, KANG Jian, SUN Hao, GUO Liang, LI Chun-ling
2019,40(6):35-43
Abstract:
The characteristics of infrared thermal imaging technology are introduced, and the civilian application of infrared thermal imaging technology in civil aviation, electric power, petrochemical, forest fire prevention, medical and other civil fields is discussed. The market situation of infrared thermal imaging technology is introduced, and the development demand of infrared thermal imaging technology in different application fields are analyzed.
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2008,29(8)
Abstract:
介绍了一种利用MATLAB和数值逼近理论计算费米函数的简捷方法.计算结果的误差在10-6数量级,甚至可以更高.与其他方法相比,该方法具有精度高、使用便捷和速度快等优点.
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Nie Jianhua, Liu Jiaqing, Meng Xin, Han Shunli
2019,40(6):44-48
Abstract:
In order to realize the reasonable classification of optical spectrometers, the classification study is carried out from the working band and spectroscope of the spectrometer. On the basis of in-depth research on the development status of existing spectrometer products at home and abroad, the related research is summarized and analyzed, and the specific classification methods and classification results are given. At the same time, by using known spectrometry technology and the research result, the comparative research conclusions of spectrometers are introduced, and the key technologies and core components are pointed out. This conclusion can provide spectrometer researchers with a panoramic viewing angle and also provide a valuable reference for tracking industry development.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
In this paper,the principle and features of four-wave mixing are given.The generation of four-wave mixing is derived in theory and the applications of four-wave mixing in the DWDM for optical fiber communication,phase conjugation wave generation and real time optical detection are given.The study in this paper is aimed at more completely knowing the application direction of the four-wave mixing, a typical nonlinear optical effect and finding more applications for the four-wave mixing by summing up the existing relatively mature applications and research methods.
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2010,31(3):42-46
Abstract:
According to the finite difference principle, a one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger equation can be converted into a set of nodal linear equations expressed in a matrix equation after the space is divided into a series of discrete nodes with an equal interval. The matrix left division command offered in the MATLAB software can be used to derive the function approximation of each unknown nodal function. This method is simple in concept, convenient in operation and can solve large linear equations without more efforts in programming.
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2019,40(7):35-46
Abstract:
The noise sources and denoising methods of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging are reviewed. The method and operation of suppressing noise are analyzed and given from the aspects of imaging principle, noise source and occurrence mechanism. The composition and characteristics of the interference are analyzed in detail, the effective removal method is given, and the signal quality algorithm in the process of brain imaging analysis and modeling of near-infrared spectroscopy is improved. These methods can provide guidance for the analysis and processing of near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging data. Three noise sources that affect near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging signals are summarized: instrumental noise, experimental error and physiological interference from the body. Two practical denoising algorithms are given and the development trend of imaging technology is expounded.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
The good properties of THz wave and how to use photoconductive antenna and optical rectification to generate THz wave are described in detail.The applications of THz wave in long distance surveillance,imaging,exploder distinguishing,nondistructive inspection and particularly in the field of military are presented.
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GUO Xiao-Dong, ZUO Zhi-Gao, YUE Song, HONG Pu
2019,40(7):18-25
Abstract:
The theoretical model of infrared point target detection system is systematically analyzed. The transmittance of medium-wave and long-wave infrared light under typical atmospheric conditions is calculated by establishing the atmospheric stratification model and combining the MODTRAN model. The comparison data of the two calculation results can provide reference for the band selection in the design of infrared detection system. By analyzing the theoretical model of infrared radiation intensity of targets, the infrared radiation intensity of several typical targets in different wavebands is calculated, which provides support for the demonstration of operation range for IR system. Based on the probability density distribution function of infrared image noise, the theoretical formulas of image signal-to-noise ratio, system detection probability and false alarm probability are derived, which provide reference for setting detection threshold. The theoretical model analysis results of infrared point target detection system''s operation range can offer an important theoretical support for improving the credibility of infrared detection system''s operation range demonstration and the rationality of system parameter design.
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2010,31(3):11-14
Abstract:
The typhoon center is usually located manually by meteorologists. This location method has a low degree of automation. According to the movement characteristics of typhoon and the meteorological analysis theory, a single infrared satellite cloud image is used to establish a method for extracting the dominant cloud movement vectors. On this basis, the optimal target function for locating the typhoon center automatically is set and resolved. The automatical location of the typhoon with an eye or without an eye is realized. The method is used to simulate the automatical location of the center of typhoon ``HAITANG' in several cloud images obtained in 2005. The result shows that this method has a high location accuracy and can be used as a good technical means for the automatical location of typhoon center.
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2019,40(6):27-34
Abstract:
From the perspective of theoretical numerical simulation and near-field radiation experimental research, the latest research results in near-field thermal radiation heat transfer are introduced. The focus of theoretical research is mainly on heat transfer studies in graphene composites, artificial processing and synthetic metamaterials. The focus of experimental research is on laboratory equipment manufacturing and method innovation based on nanoscale near-field thermal radiation measurements. Very near-field thermal radiation measurements with a minimum distance of only 2 nm have been experimentally implemented. Further research on near-field thermal radiation provides a theoretical basis for thermal photovoltaic, radiant cooling and efficient energy harvesting applications.
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wngxinkun, zhaofang, wangjianjiang
2019,40(7):1-11
Abstract:
With the advent of various new types of detection radars, advanced infrared detectors and precision guided weapons, infrared & radar compatible stealth materials have become the focus of current stealth technology research. The stealth principle and research status of traditional and new infrared & radar compatible stealth materials are reviewed, and the development direction of future infrared & radar compatible stealth materials is summarized and forecasted.
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2013,34(7):15-19
Abstract:
Starting from the Schrodinger equation, the influence of different Al composition and different temperatures on the absorption spectra of wide quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) is studied. It is found that when the Fermi level is fixed, the ground state bound energy of the quantum well may increase with the increasing of the Al composition and the corresponding absorption spectral peak tends to move toward the short wave. In addition, the influence of the ambient temperature on the response spectra of AlGaAs/GaAs QWIPs is negligible. After theoretical calculation, the rule of the absorption spectrum of an AlGaAs/GaAs QWIP changing with quantum well width, Al composition and temperature is given.
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Gao Yuxuan, Chen Xingming, Dai Jun, Yang Meixia, Huang Shoubin, Chen Xiang, Hou Zhenyan, Huang Jian
2023,44(4):20-32
Abstract:
Focusing is a key part of the launch focusing device in highenergy laser systems, and the focusing mechanism plays an important role in the targeting and striking accuracy of the system. In order to understand the research status and development trend of focusing mechanism, various types of foreign mature focusing mechanisms are introduced firstly. The principle of their focusing control and the solutions of various technical problems are analyzed. The domestic research situation focuses on four types of focusing mechanisms: cam, screw, worm gear and direct drive. For each form of focusing mechanism, the basic principle of controlling focusing is analyzed, and the design features of the focusing mechanism applied to different systems are introduced. By analyzing the design and control of each type of focusing mechanism, the advantages and disadvantages are summarized and compared, and the design ideas and research directions of the focusing mechanism for high-energy laser systems are proposed to lay the technical foundation for the research on focusing mechanism of high-energy laser systems.
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2011,32(8):25-28
Abstract:
Sea-sky-line detection can be implemented by effectively suppressing the background and enhancing the target in an image according to the features of sea-sky environment. An improved method for wiping off crass points is proposed on the basis of the linear fitting algorithm. The method is simulated with the Matlab software. The simulation result shows that this improved method can effectively detect the positions of the sea-sky-line and ships against the sea-sky background. It provides a good basis for target recognition and image registration.
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PAN Ming-zhong, QI Hong-xing, XIAO Gong-hai, SHU Rong
2010,31(1):1-7
Abstract:
A compact field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer based on a prism-grating-prism structure is presented. The system is designed for the wavelength range from visible light to near infrared. It has 344 spectral bands with the spatial resolution higher than 10 nm and the spectral resolution higher than 1 mrad. To study the unmixing of mixed pixels, the basic principle of the field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer is described, the main specifications of the system is analyzed, the design of the system is discussed in detail and related tests are conducted. The test results show that the system has both higher spatial resolution and higher spectral resolution. Because of its compactness and reliable operation, it is very suitable for field applications. Thus, the feasibility of the use of a compact field hyperspectral imaging spectrometer in the research on the unmixing of mixed pixels is verified.
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2008,29(12)
Abstract:
第一部分 一、探测与识别 1.高光谱图像的结构模型中正交子空间投影探测器与匹配滤光片的分析比较(P.Bajorski,美国罗彻斯特理工学院)
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2008,29(8)
Abstract:
本文研究由介电系数和磁导率为负的材料组成的一维光子晶体中的电磁波脉冲的传播特性.利用传输矩阵的方法,计算出了该结构中脉冲传播的透射谱和相时间.数值结果表明,在光子带隙的带边和带底会分别出现脉冲传播速度减慢和加快的现象.若周期结构中间存在缺陷层,光子带隙中会出现极窄的透射峰,因此,对应于该频率的电磁波在该体系中传播时速度会变得更加缓慢.
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WUWEI, HANSHUNLI, HOUXIBAO, LIULEI, XIANGGUOQING
2017,38(6):1-7
Abstract:
According to the spectral response curves and dark current of a near infrared two-dolor detector in two different operation wavebands, a signal acquisition system based on the near infrared two-color detector is designed. The system has many current-voltage conversion levels, voltage amplification levels and filter circuit bandwidth levels. It can amplify signals and control bandwidth quickly. Moreover, it provides zero analog signals for four amplify circuits via a Digital-to-Analog (D/A) convertor. This can effectively eliminate the noises caused by the stray light and the dark current of the detector itself. The system has the features of high speed, low noise and high resolution. By using this signal acquisition system, many parameters of the optical system, such as signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range and minimum measurable power, can be improved.
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BAI Wei, ZHAO Chao, GONG Zhi-hong
2017,38(1):6-11
Abstract:
Combining with the X-ray diffraction technique and the layer-by-layer chemical etch method for peeling damage layers, the depth of the damage layer in InSb crystal introduced by cutting, lapping and polishing was analyzed quantitatively. The structures and causes of damage layers were discussed. The research result showed that cutting was the major process for introducing damage layer on the surface of InSb wafers. The depth of the damage layer introduced by cutting was up to 16 microns. The depth of the damage layer introduced by double-face lapping was about 12 microns. The depth of the damage layer introduced by mechanical-chemical polishing obviously decreased. It was about 2 microns.
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2016,37(4):27-32
Abstract:
An algorithm combining Light of Sight (LOS) with the OpenGL software interface is proposed. The method uses the depth measuring and occlusion query functions of the OpenGL software interface to determine the effective emission surface in the detection direction and the transfer path of its radiation in mediums. Then, it uses LOS to obtain the radiation characteristics of the target in atmosphere in the detection direction. The simulation result shows that this algorithm is effective and has high computation efficiency.
