Because of high communication speed and weak echo signals, cat's eye modulating retro-reflecting laser communication has strict requirements of low noise, high gain and wide bandwidth for receiving amplifier circuits. Firstly, the influence of link models for cat's eye modulating retro-reflecting laser communication and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) on Bit Error Rate (BER) is analyzed. Then, the parameters such as circuit bandwidth, gain and noise limit are analyzed according to the performance specifications of the system. On this basis, a receiving amplifier circuit consisting of a transimpedance preamplifier module and a main amplifier module with adjustable gain is designed. Finally, its total noise is calculated and its response characteristics are simulated. It has the bandwidth of 140 MHz, the signal gain greater than 70 dB and the total noise current about 1.34×10-7A. The result shows that the design of the circuit can meet the requirement of following data processing of the system.