As a kind of soft protective means, smoke screen has the characteristics of high cost-benefit ratio and convenient development in modern opto-electronic guided weapons. Therefore, accurate and reliable evaluation of the smoke screen shielding effect has become one of the important research issues in the field of smoke screens. In view of the current situation of multiple and complex evaluation indexes, based on the description of the mechanism of smoke screen interference, the existing evaluation indexes and methods of smoke screen interference effect are systematically analyzed and summarized from three aspects: interference band, image quality change before and after smoke screen release, as well as smoke screen operational performance. Their advantages and disadvantages, application occasions and limitations are pointed out, which provide ideas and inspiration for relevant researchers. In order to better adapt to the evaluation of smoke screen interference effect under the complex environment conditions in actual combat, it is pointed out that the smoke screen shielding effect should be evaluated from the perspective of image quality change and smoke screen performance in this paper, so as to provide auxiliary strategies for the operational use and effectiveness evaluation of smoke equipment.