In recent years, microelectronics technology has become the "main battlefield" of US-China technology and trade war. The US ′s global leadership in microelectronics technology and the security of the microelectronics supply chain have both been threatened. In this context, the U.S. Department of Defense has been vigorously promoting the development of microelectronics technology by establishing research and development programs and increasing funding. This strategic plan is comprehensively analyzed from the main background, development trends, and significance of influence.