When the temperature changes, the position of optical elements in the spectrometer will change due to hot expansion and cold contraction, resulting in a large deviation of wavelength. In response to this problem, the wavelength calibration method suitable for different temperatures was studied. A method of wavelength calibration based on temperature compensation was proposed, using temperature as a variable to establish a theoretical model of three-dimensional functional relation between wavelength, pixel position and temperature. A standard mercury-argon lamp was used for calibration experiments. The coefficients of the polynomials were determined by cubic polynomial surface fitting, which verified the calibration accuracy under high and low temperature environments. This method can effectively correct the change of charge coupled device response and the deviation of optical path structure caused by temperature, improve the fault tolerance of wavelength correction coefficient and the wavelength accuracy when the temperature changes, and improve the environmental adaptability of the spectrometer.