Multi-component heterostructure nanocomposites can not only inherit the original properties of each component， but also induce new chemical and electronic properties through the interaction between the components. The heterostructure zeolitic imidazolate framework/NaGdF₄：Yb，Er （ZIF-67/NaGdF₄：Yb，Er） was prepared by a stepwise synthesis strategy. And it avoided agglomeration and quenching of upconversion （UC） nanoparticles， and displayed better stability. In the heterostructure nanocomposites， ZIF-67 is employed as an energy transmission platform under 980 nm excitation. Compared to pure NaGdF₄：Yb，Er nanorods， the UC photoluminescence of heterostructure ZIF-67/NaGdF4：Yb，Er is tuned from green to red owing to the synergistic effect of each component.