Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is one of the most commonly used terahertz (THz) radiation sources in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems. Based on the principle of terahertz signal generation by PCA, a fiber-coupled terahertz radiation source module excited by a 1560 nm laser is designed and simulated using a PCA chip based on InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice. Through the integrated design of optical path and structure, a miniaturized fiber-coupled terahertz radiation source is achieved. Under excitation with a femtosecond pulse laser with an average power of 25 mW, a pulse width of 100 fs, and a central wavelength of 1560 nm, the terahertz signal spectrum obtained from a single waveform sampling of the terahertz radiation source extends from 0.1 to 2.9 THz, with a dynamic range of 57 dB. Furthermore, the relationship between the output signal amplitude of the terahertz radiation source and the bias voltage and excitation light power is experimentally investigated.