基于卫星遥感的长江三角洲城市群生态气候演变研究
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国家重点研发计划重点专项子课题(2023YFC3805304-1);中国气象局气候变化专题项目(QBZ202412);风云卫星先行计划项目(FY-APP-2024-0201; FY-APP-2021-0407)


Study on Eco-Climate Evolution of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Based on Satellite Remote Sensing
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National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFC3805304-1); China Meteorological Administration Climate Change Special Project (No. QBZ202412); Fengyun Satellite Pilot Program (No. FY-APP-2024.0201, FY-APP-2021.0407)

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    摘要:

    为了解长三角城市群生态气候特征及动态变化,基于区域111个气象站点逐日气温、降水量、相对湿度、风速等观测数据以及MODIS归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI)和地表温度(Land Surface Temperature, LST)数据,采用遥感、GIS和主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)法,并对现有的遥感生态指数(Remote Sensing Ecological Index, RSEI)进行改进。从干湿度、舒适度、绿度、热度、空气洁净度等方面构建了综合生态气候指数模型,分析了城市群生态气候的动态变化特征。结果表明,2001~2018年期间,城市群植被覆盖度以2.80%/10a的趋势显著增加,混合层高度以51.3 m/10a显著降低,综合生态气候指数以0.10/10a显著降低,并呈现出区域性整体降低的趋势。人类活动和城市化对长三角城市群生态气候变化具有显著的影响,需要在推动经济社会发展的同时加强生态气候的保护和改善,实现人与自然和谐共生。

    Abstract:

    In order to understand the characteristics and dynamic changes of the eco-climate in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration, based on the daily observation data of air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed from 111 meteorological stations in the region, as well as the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) data, remote sensing, GIS and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used, and the existing remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) was improved. A regional integrated eco-climatic index (IECI) model was constructed from the aspects of dryness/wetness, comfortableness, greenness, heat and air cleanliness, and the dynamic change characteristics of the eco-climate in YRD urban agglomeration were analyzed. The results showed that during the period from 2001 to 2018, the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of the urban agglomeration increased significantly with a linear trend of 2.80% per decade, the mixed layer height (MLH) decreased significantly at a rate of 51.3 m per decade, and the regional IECI decreased significantly with a linear trend of 0.10 per decade, showing a regional overall decreasing trend. Human activities and urbanization have significant effects on eco-climate change in the YRD urban agglomeration. It is necessary to strengthen the protection and improvement of eco-climate while promoting economic and social development, so as to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

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史军,崔林丽,张敏,等.基于卫星遥感的长江三角洲城市群生态气候演变研究[J].红外,2025,46(6):42-48.

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